Background: Surgical site infections are commonly occuring within healthcare, especially in Africa. Good hygiene is the most effective way in which to reduce and prevent infection, compliance however is often low or insufficient. Aim: The Aim of the study was to observe intraoperative compliance to basic hand hygiene in the operating theatre, the secondary aim was to investigate the surgical teams views on patient safety by using a survey on patient safety culture. Method: The design is a quantitative observational study. Through participant observation information was gathered on compliance to basic intraoperative hygiene routines in operating theatres in Mozambique. Operating personnel were then asked to complete a survey on patient safety culture. Result: None of the work elements were performed in complete compliance to WHO’s guidelines at all times. The operating theatre personnel’s views on Patient Safety Culture showed the highest percentage of positive responses was the dimensions “Teamwork Within Hospital Units” and “Organisational Learning- Continous improvement”. The dimensions with the least positive response was “Nonpunitive Response To Error” and “Staffing”. When comparing compliance to basic hygiene and the results of the patient safety culture survey a medium relation was found, where the staff who gave the most positive response to the survey also complied better to the WHO’s hygiene guidelines. Conclusions: Compliance to basic hygiene during the intraoperative phase in the operating theatre in Mozambique, Maputo was often insufficient. There was a medium strong relation between the staffs views on patient safety and their compliance to basic hygiene. This implies that working with the staff’s attitudes concerning patient safety could improve hygiene compliance resulting in reduced number of surgical site infections.

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Thesis (MTech. degree in Information Networks)--Tshwane University of Technology, 2009. / With this research, we focus on utilizing a distributed file system to combat congestion problems in wireless networks. The Coda file system is our choice of a distributed file system, as it offers several services, such as data pre-fetching, hoarding of files, disconnected operation and data consistency.

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Užsibrėžtam tikslui pasiekti, buvo įdiegtos populiariausios „Windows“ operacinės sistemos. Nagrinėjant atskiras sistemų versijas, susipažinta su jų istorija. Palyginus skirtingu laikmečiu sukurtas operacines sistemas įvertinti sąsajos elementai, remiantis vieninga vartotojo aplinka, prieinamumu, natūralia vartotojo sąsaja ir papildyta tikrove. Analizės metu buvo nustatyta, kad keičiantis operacinių sistemų versijoms, išlikdavo tie patys valdymo elementai, buvo įdiegiami pakeitimai, nedarantys įtakos vartotojo sąsajai su operacinių sistemų darbu. / The most popular "Windows" operative systems were intalled to achieve the targeted aims. During analysis of single systems versions it was acquainted with their history. After comparison of operating systems that were created in different time, evaluated the interface elements based on the recommendations of common user accer, accessibility, natural user interface and the augmented reality. During the analysis, it was found that replacing the operating system versions, has remained with same controls, there were made changes, without affecting the user interface with the operating system.

Virtualisation is a method of partitioning one physical computer into multiple “virtual” computers, giving each the appearance and capabilities of running on its own dedicated hardware. Each virtual system functions as a full-fledged computer and can be independently shutdown and restarted. Xen is a form of paravirtualisation developed by the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory and is available under both a free and commercial license. Performance results comparing Xen to native Linux as well as to other virtualisation tools such as VMWare and User Mode Linux (UML) were published in the paper "Xen and the Art of Virtualization" at the Symposium on Operating Systems Principles in October 2003 by (Barham et al, 2003). (Clark et al, 2004) performed a similar study and produced similar results. In this thesis, a similar performance analysis of Xen is undertaken and also extended to include the performance analysis of OpenVZ, an alternative open source virtualisation technology. This study made explicit use of open-source software and commodity hardware.

This thesis deals with modeling, simulation and operating limits of high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission systems that employ voltage-source converters (VSCs) as their building blocks. This scheme is commonly known as the VSC-HVDC transmission. A simulation-based study is undertaken in which detailed electromagnetic transient (EMT) models are developed for a back-to-back VSC-HVDC transmission system. Different control strategies are implemented and their dynamic performances are investigated in the PSCAD/EMTDC EMT simulator. The research presented in this thesis firstly specifies the factors that limit the operating points of a VSC-HVDC system with particular emphasis on the strength of the terminating ac system. Although the EMT model shows these limits it provides little analytical reason for their presence and extent. A phasor-based quasi-steady state model of the system including the phase-locked loop firing control mechanism is proposed to determine and characterize the factors contributing to these operating limits. Stability margins and limits on the maximum available power are calculated, taking into consideration the maximum voltage rating of the VSC. The variations of ac system short-circuit ratio (SCR) and transformer impedance are proven to significantly impact the operating limits of the VSC-HVDC system. The results show how the power transfer capability reduces as the SCR decreases. The analysis shows that VSC-HVDC converters can operate into much weaker networks, and with less sensitivity, than the conventional line commutated converters (LCC-HVDC). Also for a given SCR the VSC-HVDC system has a significantly larger maximum available power in comparison with LCC-HVDC. A second research thrust of the thesis is introduction of a simplified converter model to reduce the computational intensity of its simulation. This is associated with the admittance matrix inversions required to simulate high-frequency switching of the converter valves. This simplified model is based on the concept of dynamic average-value modelling and provides the ability to generate either the full spectrum or the fundamental-frequency component of the VSC voltage. The model is validated against the detailed VSC-HVDC circuit and shows accurate matching during steady state and transient operation. Major reductions of 50-70% in CPU-time in repetitive simulation studies such as multiple runs and optimization-based controller tuning are achieved.

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No description available.