The topic of the thesis is putting up the application architecture of the organization based othe the actual state, identified requirements, the operational model. The thesis contains description of the business architecture domain, requirements metodology and creation of the operational model of the organization. For the main solution is used the conceptual data model. Application architecture design is presented by the aplication landscape model with the desctiption of the architecture layers and the integration concept including a master data managment concept.

This project follows the implementation of a new supply fulfillment model for a service organization. Research findings provide evidence that a change in operating model can result in an increase in firm performance. The purpose of this project is to study a real-life example of an organization experiencing an increase in firm performance based on a change in operating model. The project utilizes historical data of growth and average costs to determine the environment for the current year experiencing the change in operating model. It is determined that this study reveals a decrease of order costs, increase in data integrity and standardization, and an increase in overall order quality.

This thesis discusses the development of a naval ship distributed system architectural framework and related design tools that can be used during ship Concept and Requirements Exploration (CandRE). This architectural framework includes architectures for ship operations, the physical arrangement of Mission Power and Energy Systems (MPES) vital components within the ship, the logical relationship between MPES vital components, and simple energy and data models of MPES functions. This architectural framework is implemented through integrated Ship Behavior Interaction Models (SBIMs) that include the following: Warfighting Model (WM), Ship Operational Model (OM), Capability Model (CM), and Dynamic Architecture Flow Optimization (DAFO). These models provide a critical interface between logical and operational architectures, quantifying warfighting capabilities through system measures of performance at specific capability nodes. These models' interface with each other in the warfighting environment to guide the alignment of MPES vital systems using a DAFO. The integrated models quantify the performance of tasks enabled by capabilities through system measures of performance at specific capability nodes, enabling the simulation of the MPES configuration in operational situations. / Master of Science / This thesis discusses the development of a naval ship distributed system architectural framework and related design tools that can be used during ship Concept and Requirements Exploration (CandRE). This architectural framework includes architectures for ship operations, the physical arrangement of Mission Power and Energy Systems (MPES) within the ship, the logical relationship between MPES, and simple energy and data models of MPES. This architectural framework is implemented through integrated Ship Behavior Interaction Models (SBIMs) that include the following: Warfighting Model (WM), Ship Operational Model (OM), Capability Model (CM), and Dynamic Architecture Flow Optimization (DAFO). These models provide a critical interface between logical and operational architectures, quantifying warfighting capabilities through system measures of performance. These models' interface with each other in the warfighting environment to guide the alignment of MPES during operations. The integrated models quantify the performance of tasks enabled by capabilities through system measures of performance at specific capability nodes, enabling the simulation of the MPES configuration in operational situations.

O presente trabalho propõe um modelo de operação sustentado por um sistema de suporte à decisão para operar a distribuição de água em tempo real atendendo a condições / restrições hidráulicas com o mínimo custo de energia elétrica. O atendimento às condições / restrições hidráulicas são avaliadas por um modelo simulador hidráulico previamente montado e calibrado. O conjunto de resultados avaliados pelo modelo de simulação hidráulica é analisado por um modelo de otimização proposto com solução de programação linear. As condições de operação em tempo real geram a necessidade de alimentação de informações operacionais automáticas a qualquer momento e com curto espaço de tempo – menor que horário. Para uma operação otimizada, previamente analisada por um modelo de simulação hidráulica cria uma condição critérios para uma previsão do consumo a ser atendido nas próximas horas. Um refinamento desses critérios são utilizados em um modelo de previsão de demanda de água que prevê e checa seus resultados de forma dinâmica. O modelo de operação proposto cria uma interface entre todos esses sistemas. Essa interface é testada e avaliada a partir de um estudo de caso aplicado no Sistema Adutor Metropolitano de São Paulo. A eficiência do modelo de operação proposto é apresentada tendo como resultado uma redução no custo de energia elétrica. / This assignment considers an operation model supported by decision support systems to operates the water supply systems in real time, considering the hydraulical conditions while achieving some performance goals, in this case, reducing electricity costs (minimization of pumping costs) the attempt of the hydraulic constraints are evaluated by an hydraulical simulator previously calibrated. The set of results are analyzed by an optimization model which uses a linear programming. The operation conditions in real time requires automatic feeding operational information shortly at any time (less than an hour) for an optimized operation, previously analyzed by a hydraulic simulation model with creates condition criteria of consumption within following hours. These criteria are refined according to a demand prediction model that dynamically previews and checks the consumption results. This proposed model creates an interface between all these systems. This interface is tested and evaluated according to a study of the São Paulo´s metropolitan area, “Sistema Alto Tietê". The efficiency of this proposed model is presented having reductions in the electric energy costs.

O presente trabalho propõe um modelo de operação sustentado por um sistema de suporte à decisão para operar a distribuição de água em tempo real atendendo a condições / restrições hidráulicas com o mínimo custo de energia elétrica. O atendimento às condições / restrições hidráulicas são avaliadas por um modelo simulador hidráulico previamente montado e calibrado. O conjunto de resultados avaliados pelo modelo de simulação hidráulica é analisado por um modelo de otimização proposto com solução de programação linear. As condições de operação em tempo real geram a necessidade de alimentação de informações operacionais automáticas a qualquer momento e com curto espaço de tempo – menor que horário. Para uma operação otimizada, previamente analisada por um modelo de simulação hidráulica cria uma condição critérios para uma previsão do consumo a ser atendido nas próximas horas. Um refinamento desses critérios são utilizados em um modelo de previsão de demanda de água que prevê e checa seus resultados de forma dinâmica. O modelo de operação proposto cria uma interface entre todos esses sistemas. Essa interface é testada e avaliada a partir de um estudo de caso aplicado no Sistema Adutor Metropolitano de São Paulo. A eficiência do modelo de operação proposto é apresentada tendo como resultado uma redução no custo de energia elétrica. / This assignment considers an operation model supported by decision support systems to operates the water supply systems in real time, considering the hydraulical conditions while achieving some performance goals, in this case, reducing electricity costs (minimization of pumping costs) the attempt of the hydraulic constraints are evaluated by an hydraulical simulator previously calibrated. The set of results are analyzed by an optimization model which uses a linear programming. The operation conditions in real time requires automatic feeding operational information shortly at any time (less than an hour) for an optimized operation, previously analyzed by a hydraulic simulation model with creates condition criteria of consumption within following hours. These criteria are refined according to a demand prediction model that dynamically previews and checks the consumption results. This proposed model creates an interface between all these systems. This interface is tested and evaluated according to a study of the São Paulo´s metropolitan area, “Sistema Alto Tietê”. The efficiency of this proposed model is presented having reductions in the electric energy costs.

The dissertation thesis deals with short-term gas releases (puffs) in an urban canopy studied utilizing wind-tunnel modelling. The urban canopy was composed of buildings with pitched roofs organised into closed courtyards. Into it, a ground-level point gas source was placed. The first part of the thesis is focused on specific definitions of puff characteristics. New definitions of puff arrival and departure times are presented. Various definitions of puff arrival time were applied on the same datasets and the results were compared. Moreover, it was studied how slight changes in determination of puff departure time can affect its values and other derived puff characteristics. The second part of the thesis is focused on modelling of probability density functions of puff characteristics with knowledge of sampling positions towards the gas source and mean values of concentrations valid for long-term gas sources. The found equations will be utilized in an operational model. The outputs in the form of the probability density functions of puff characteristics distinguish my model from the usually utilized operational models, in which only the ensemble-averaged puff outline and concentration field can be predicted.

It has been observed that confusion exists in literature concerning the meaning and use of the term efficacy. Confusion is worsened by the use of the term as a general term describing agonist activity. The meaning of the terms intrinsic activity, efficacy and intrinsic efficacy as used in theoretical models of drug action was investigated. The classical occupation model, the two-state model, the ternary complex model (including conformational change and ideas surrounding G-proteins) and the operational model were studied in order to understand the historical and current usage of these terms. Although efficacy estimates are often reported as a molecular property, it was shown that agonist activity is tissue dependent and cannot be fully portrayed by an efficacy estimate. It was found that efficacy has a different definition in each model. This is not always recognized in literature. It was suggested that the term efficacy should only be used in the context of a specific model / Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmacology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

It has been observed that confusion exists in literature concerning the meaning and use of the term efficacy. Confusion is worsened by the use of the term as a general term describing agonist activity. The meaning of the terms intrinsic activity, efficacy and intrinsic efficacy as used in theoretical models of drug action was investigated. The classical occupation model, the two-state model, the ternary complex model (including conformational change and ideas surrounding G-proteins) and the operational model were studied in order to understand the historical and current usage of these terms. Although efficacy estimates are often reported as a molecular property, it was shown that agonist activity is tissue dependent and cannot be fully portrayed by an efficacy estimate. It was found that efficacy has a different definition in each model. This is not always recognized in literature. It was suggested that the term efficacy should only be used in the context of a specific model / Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmacology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Cette thèse explore les ressources cognitives que mobilisent des élèves ingénieurs dans un APP (Apprentissage par problème) dans une tâche de conception d’un objet technique. La situation-problème à laquelle ces élèves sont confrontés est constituée par un système technique inédit de réfrigération sans apport extérieur d’énergie. Dans cet apprentissage, les élèves doivent concevoir l’objet technique et apprendre des concepts en thermodynamique. Deux groupes d’élèves sont comparés : le premier dispose d’un modèle analogique d’une situation connue pour aborder la situation nouvelle, le second ne dispose que du texte. Les questions de recherches : Que construisent ces élèves comme connaissances ?Qu’apportent ces deux types d’apprentissage (l’apprentissage par une situation connue et l’apprentissage par le texte) ? Quels sont les obstacles que rencontrent ces élèves ? Les hypothèses : un apprentissage par une situation connue conduit à la construction de connaissances opératives (des concepts outils). Un apprentissage par le texte conduit à la construction de connaissances décontextualisées (des concepts objets). Un apprentissage par les situations dans un dispositif didactique conduit ultérieurement à la construction de concepts catégoriels. Ces deux types d’apprentissage impliquent l’obstacle épistémologique dans la construction des concepts dans leurs deux fonctions : outil et objet. / This thesis investigates the cognitive resources that pupils engineers in a PBL (Problem based Learning) in a task of conception of a technical object mobilize. The situation-problem with which these pupils are confronted is constituted by an unpublished technical system of refrigeration without outside contribution of energy. In this learning, the pupils have to conceive the technical object and learn concepts in thermodynamics. Two groups of pupils are compared: the first one has an analogical model of a situation known to approach the new situation; the second has only the text. The questions of researches: what build these pupils as knowledge? What bring these two types of learning (the learning by a known situation and the learning by the text)? What are the obstacles which meet these pupils? The hypotheses: a learning by a known situation leads to the construction of operational knowledge (concepts tools). A learning by the text leads to the construction of knowledge out of context (concepts objects). A learning by the situations in a didactic device leads later to the construction of category-specific concepts. These two types of learning involve the epistemological obstacle in the construction of the concepts in them two functions: tool and object.

臺灣農業有優良的傳統，曾經以優越的生產技術，良好的品質，在外銷市場上，屢創佳績。本文首先探討當前農業發展的困境，源自於過度注重生產導向思維，忽略產業鏈上下游息息相關的產業結構，忽略行銷通路的發展，忽略知識經濟中，創新服務的附加價值。 近年來，蝴蝶蘭產業揚名國際，博得蝴蝶蘭王國美譽。分析蝴蝶蘭產業的價值傳遞過程，發現台灣蝴蝶蘭產業，正逐漸步入早期傳統農業的後塵，策略發展以生產能力為核心。這個營運策略為擴張規模，增加產能，以期降低成本，在市場上以價格競爭為手段。對於一個產業而言，這是一個危險的訊號。 今以蝴蝶蘭產業為例，深究台灣農業是否可以從企業經營觀點，健全產業結構，發掘更多附加價值。這個問題的答案存在於以無形資產創價的觀念，以現有良好的生產技術為後盾，結合農業科技智慧財產、聯合行銷與品牌經營，是未來台灣農業應該努力發展的三大策略主軸。 在此一策略思維主軸下，許多創新事業模式可以發展，包括農業生物科技公司，品質認證公司，拍賣公司，行銷公司，溫室營建公司等，或為周邊產業，或為上下游，唇齒相依。農產業一如其他產業，應思考佔據產業關鍵地位，方能提升議價能力，擁有競爭優勢。這些創新事業的特色為科技運用，服務事業，重視品質，最終以品牌經營為依歸。活絡創新事業，將現代化科技與服務精神引入農產事業，這是一場無產經營的變革，成功關鍵在發揮合作精神與善用優質人力。創造的無形資產價值，有一天可以超越農產品本身的價格。 / Agriculture had helped Taiwan earn economic advance in the early time, but went in vain and into history without sustained development. What constrains agriculture itself is the production-centered mind setting. Recently, moth orchid export has become a rising star among other horticulture products. Through analysis of Taiwan orchid value chain, it is found that orchid industry is stepping into the same path of traditional agriculture practice. Individual orchid farmers focus on enlarging greenhouse coverage in order to reduce cost and to win a price-based war. Discussion is made to ask if business management can be integrated into Taiwan agricultural practice. With good field practice technique supporting, intellectual property protection of biotechnology, brand operation and cooperative marketing should be three main strategies for future development of Taiwan agriculture. Agriculture, just like other business operation, should develop strategy to gain advantage in key position to win competition advantages. The characters of these innovative operational models are applications of current technology, service oriented, emphasis on quality, and ends in good brand management. Taiwan orchid farmers should also realize only through cooperative efforts, they can prevail. In the future, agriculture should recruit quality human resource in all aspects including business management, technology, engineering and service. Value generation by new business models producing intangible assets are proposed and discussed.