Syfte – Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka tillämpbarheten av Lean på operativt inköp samt undersöka hur detta kan tillämpas på ett tillverkande företag som arbetar med Lean i produktionen. För att besvara syftet har det brutits ned i ett delmål och en frågeställning. Delmål: Att undersöka tillämpbarheten av Lean på operativt inköp   Frågeställning: Hur kan Lean tillämpas på operativt inköp på ett företag som arbetar med Lean i produktionen? Metod – Litteraturstudier genomfördes inom områdena inköp och valda Leankoncept för att samla in teori som möjliggjorde uppfyllandet av studiens delmål. En fallstudie genomfördes för att samla in empiri som sedan jämfördes med delmålet för att besvara studiens frågeställning. Empiri samlades in genom samtal, intervjuer, dokumentstudier och observationer. Resultat – Företag som arbetar med Lean i produktionen kan tillämpa Lean på operativt inköp för att effektiviseras. Operativt inköp är en transaktionsbaserad process med information som värdeflöde. Operativt inköp bör effektiviseras i syfte att skapa ett så värdeadderande flöde som möjligt. Genom att utgå från de fyra grundområdena Filosofi, Processer, Medarbetare och partners samt Problemlösning i Lean och de tillhörande 14 principerna, skapas ett helhetsperspektiv och riktlinjer som lyfter förbättringsområden. För att realisera de 14 principerna bör metoder och verktyg anpassas efter avdelningens förutsättningar och mål. Minskade processtider för inköpsärenden, ökad flexibilitet bland inköpare och minskad stress är resultat av framgångsrikt tillämpande av Lean på operativt inköp.   Implikationer – Studiens syfte var inte att skapa ett nytt Leankoncept utan att undersöka vad inom Lean som kan tillämpas på operativt inköp för att effektiviseras. Teori inom området är nästintill obefintligt och utförandet av studien har bidragit med ny kunskap om Lean tillämpat på operativt inköp. Begränsningar – Resultatet påverkas av hur länge företag arbetat med Lean i produktionen innan Lean tillämpas på operativt inköp. Genomförande av en flerfallstudie, istället för en enfallstudie, hade gett ett mer generaliserbart resultat för företag att använda sig av med likartade förutsättningar som fallföretaget. Nyckelord – Lean Administration, Lean Office, Lean Produktion, Lean Service, operativt inköp, effektivitet / Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the applicability of Lean in operational purchasing and examine how it can be applied to a manufacturing company that is working with Lean in the production. To fulfill the purpose it has been broken down into one objective and one problem statement. Objective: Investigate the applicability of Lean on operational purchasing Problem statement: How can Lean be applied on operational purchasing in a company that works with Lean in the production? Method – Literature studies were conducted in the areas of purchasing and selected Lean Concepts to collect the theory that made it possible to answer the sub-target of the study. A case study was conducted to compare the empirical data and theory to answer the problem statement. Empirical evidence was gathered through conversations, interviews, document studies and observations. Findings – Companies working with Lean production can apply Lean on operational purchasing in order to make it more efficient. Operational purchasing is a transaction-based process with information as its value stream and operational purchasing should be streamlined in order to create as much value in the value-flow as possible. The fundamental areas in Lean are Philosophy, Processes, People and Partners, and Problem Solving and through the associated 14 principles create an overall perspective and guidelines that highlights areas for improvement. To fulfill the 14 principles, chosen methods and tools should match the department's conditions and goals. Reduced processing times for purchasing cases, increased flexibility among purchasers and reduced stress are the result of the successful application of Lean on operational purchasing. Implications – The study's purpose was not to create a new Lean concept, but to investigate what in Lean can be applied to operational purchasing to create efficiency and effectiveness in the department. Theory in the area is virtually non-existent and the execution of the study has contributed to new knowledge about Lean applied to operational purchasing. Limitations – The result is affected by how long companies have worked with Lean production before Lean is applied to operational purchasing. The use of a multi-case study, rather than a one-case study, had given a more generalizable result for companies that have the same conditions as the case company. Keywords – Lean Administration, Lean Office, Lean Production, Lean Service, operational purchasing, efficiency, effectiveness

This thesis report aims at illustrating and describing how e-procurement can contribute in creating value and reducing overheads associated with the procurement process through adopting and implementing e-procurement systems and applications in the supply chain network of an organization. It is an obvious fact that e-procurement plays a vital role in managing the supply chain especially now that outsourcing has become very common in the business market environment around the world. The main purpose of our bachelor thesis work is to find out how e-procurement can contribute in creating value, reducing cost and gaining more profit out of the procurement process. Since this thesis report is meant to cover the available literature on procurement and e-procurement only limited areas of the supply chain management is presented.When it comes to methodologies, available literatures on procurement and e-procurement have been covered to extract the most plausible information and data related how e-procurement contributes in creating value and reducing costs and overheads in the supply chain management. First a framework of modern procurement processes and stages is given as a basis and then e-procurement is treated being the technologies and key factors in implementation of e-procurement.This thesis work tries to consolidate prevalent ideas as well as facts that have been tested by means of academic researches carried out by scholars of the field and interdisciplinary of industrial engineering. / Program: BSc in Industrial Engineering - International Business Engineering

Background & aims: Prior research has, due to the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic and the resulting supply chain (SC) disruptions, increased the level of investigations in the field of SC resilience strategies. Even though many studies have been conducted within the field, little is known about the effectiveness and efficiency of those strategies. As food SC’s (FSC’s) are among the most important SC’s in our societies, their conservation is of great importance. As the operational purchasing process within the FSC was one of the areas within the SC that was strongly affected by the pandemic, this process will be the focus of the paper. This study seeks to identify the most applied SC resilience strategies for operational purchasing activities in FSC’s for various SC disruptions from a SME food retailers perspective. Furthermore, a framework of how to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of those strategies will be developed. Method: To collect relevant empirical data to answer the purpose of the study a qualitative multiple-interview study is conducted based on semi-structured interviews with respondents of the three different case companies. The case companies were selected and four interviews with one to two respondents per company were conducted. European SME food retailers of long shelf life goods are used as case companies to investigate the research gaps. Results: The study found out that the application of theory revealed the five most applied SC resilience strategies (SC flexibility, inventory management, end-to-end (E2E) SC visibility (SCV), information technology (IT) tools and SC cooperation) in operational purchasing, differences between SME food retailers according to their company size and maturity level. The KPIs identified to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of these SC resilience strategies were found to be applied. The KPIs provided are the basis for measurement opportunities that should be adapted and expanded depending on the business model and complexity of the company as part of the SC design. Contributions: The study adds value through theoretical and practical contributions of the most applied SC resilience strategies within operational purchasing from a SME food retailer perspective and their performance measurement system for measuring efficiency and effectiveness. Limitation & future research: The study is limited to the Covid-19 pandemic as a major reason for the triggering of the investigated SC disruptions. Further limitations can be seen within the selection of the case companies. Future research should investigate the differences between SME within their application of SC resilience strategies for their operational purchasing activities, just like the differences between strategic and operational purchasing. Key words: supply chain resilience strategy, supply chain disruption, Covid-19 pandemic, supply chain effectiveness, supply chain efficiency, performance measurements, key performance indicator, food supply chain, food retailers, purchasing process, operational purchasing

This work is focusing on the issues of the organisation structure and the quality management in the area of purchasing in the selected company MOTOR JIKOV Strojírenská a. s. The goal of this work was to analyze the current state and to find opportunities (recommendations) for the improvement in the given area based on the knowledge gained by previous studies of special literature and commonly used methods of prestigious companies.