Retention of key employees is becoming an increasingly important challenge faced by many organisations. With every employee that leaves the company, cost of recruitment and appointment, as well as training and development cost subsequent to that, are lost. The situation is aggravated by the fact that it is usually the higher performing employee who is more mobile from a career point of view, or the employee who has completed his/her training and who is more marketable, that is lost to the organisation. To effectively retain workers, employers must know which factors motivate their employees to stay on and which factors cause them to leave. The general research objective was to determine variables that influence the retention of designated employees within a platinum mine. A qualitative research design was used. Twenty four designated employees were selected randomly from the following occupations in the mining career path, namely Crew Captain in training, Crew Captain, Learner Official and Shift Supervisor. A qualitative measuring instrument, based on the phenomenological paradigm, was used to determine employees' perceptions of retention of designated employees. Content analysis was used to analyse, quantify, and interpret the research data. The results indicated that designated employees are poached by competitor companies; that designated employees leave for better payment or benefits; that they value opportunities for growth and development; that the Crew Captain title, job content and job category cause employees to be unhappy; that designated employees leave after receiving training and development; that they do not feel valued or listened to; that they are unhappy with accommodation benefits and the bonus system; that they are managed by fear; that job security makes designated employees to stay; that they leave due to poor benefits; that they are in general dissatisfied with the company; that work and safety conditions are good; that designated employees experience a lot of work pressure; that they value family responsibility; that designated employees with limited education stay; and that they experience racial discrimination. Recommendations for future research are also made. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

Foreign graduates have been part of the success stories of many developed countries. This is as a result of their immeasurable deposit of ideas, knowledge, and innovation in the host country. Though the process of these foreign graduates penetrating and integrating into the labour market of the host country could be slow and rough as they encounter some obstacles on the way; they still strive to break through and be part of the country’s workforce because they foresee some opportunities therein. This research study is about the obstacles and opportunities foreign graduates meet in Dalarna labour market. The study investigated and identified the obstacles and opportunities foreign graduates meet in Dalarna labour market. For a thorough execution of this research, we collected primary data by handing questionnaires to 65 foreign graduates searching for jobs in Dalarna region and interviewed eight people, among which seven were foreign graduates and one of them was a staff at Arbestförmedlingen (Employment Agency) to give us a general view of the Dalarna labour market. We read previous research works and related articles to understand the topic in order to get an overview of the terminologies and concept to apply. This study concluded that language is a major obstacle foreign graduates meet in the Dalarna labour market. Other possible obstacles include culture, poor integration policies, lack of a placement bureau, lack of trust, limited opportunities, favoritism, lack of jobs, lack of references and experience. On the other hand factors like job availability, outgoing labour force and unskilled labour are possible opportunities foreign graduates meet in the Dalarna labour market. Furthermore flexible work time, good working atmosphere, experience, social security/welfare, good standard of living, family friendly region, higher wages, job security and cheap cost of living are also possible benefits that foreign graduates get in Dalarna.

Abstract The purpose of our study is to reach an understanding of the situation of unaccompanied refugee minors in school. Thus the study aims to investigate what sort of possibilities and limits they encounter when going through their school education. We have chosen a qualitative method and conducted interviews with four persons between the ages of 18 and 21 years. The result of the study shows that unaccompanied refugee minors experience numerous limitations and lesser possibilities than other students, which prevents their educational and social development. The limitations partly depend on the school personnels lack of knowledge about this target group, and partly on the difficulty of dealing with a new culture which is different from the students original culture.  An important conclusion that our study has shown is that the educational system has a great impact on how well the students manage to function in the new society later on.  Therefore it is of great importance that the teachers have access to competence development , since this is of substantial importance for the  unaccompanied refugee minors development and socialization. / Syftet med vår studie är att undersöka ensamkommande flyktingbarns situation i skolan, främst med avseende på de begränsningar och eventuella hinder som barnen möter under skolgången.  Det insamlade datamaterialet har analyserats med hjälp av en tematisk tolkande ansats, där framförallt begreppet socialisation varit vägledande i tolkningsprocessen. Resultatet visar att ensamkommande flyktingbarn upplever många begränsningar och färre möjligheter i skolan. Detta försvårar deras möjligheter till kunskapsutveckling och socialisation. De hinder som ensamkommande flyktingbarn brottas med kan i relation till en övergripande nivå ses som en konsekvens av omfattande begränsningar inom skolan som institution. Inom den svenska skolan råder brist på resurser av varierande slag. Det saknas kunskap och insyn i ensamkommande barns livssituationer, vilket i sin tur begränsar elevernas förutsättningar att smälta in i och socialiseras i de nya förhållandena. En viktig slutsats i vår studie är att skolan har stor påverkan på hur eleverna klarar sig senare i livet i det nya samhället. Det är således av stor vikt att lärarna har tillgång till kompetensutveckling, eftersom lärares kapacitet i mötet med eleverna i en förlängning får stor betydelse för ensamkommande flyktingbarns lärande och socialisation.

This thesis evaluates the waste management system in the province of Manitoba, Canada and other jurisdictions to identify best practices for, and barriers and opportunities to, improving its impact on the environment. Multiple methods were used. First, a survey of expert stakeholders in the waste management sector in Manitoba was conducted, which was followed by an expert stakeholder meeting that further refined the results of the survey. Second, waste management systems of Manitoba, Canada, Nova Scotia, Canada, New South Wales, Australia, and Denmark were compared to determine which of the options already in use by other jurisdictions might be useful in Manitoba. Finally, an estimation of the amount of organic waste entering landfills in Manitoba was conducted, along with an estimation of the resulting methane emissions from landfills to determine their greenhouse gas emissions.

The dairy industry has undergone a dynamic phase during the past two decades. Innovations in terms of technologies, processes, and products have changed the way the production of milk is done. This research takes an exploratory approach to look at the process of opportunity discovery within farm businesses and what firms in the dairy industry are doing to become more innovative. In addition, this research looks at the strategies farmers are using to successfully implement those innovations. An important factor that could affect the performance of a firm is the degree of which the firm is able to become aware of and exploit innovations that help bridge productivity and opportunity gaps. Data is collected through qualitative tools, including in-depth interviews of dairy producers from Saskatchewan, Canada and Aguascalientes, Mexico. Such data collection provides this research with specific insights into the process of opportunity discovery. It also indicates which managerial practices moderate the successful discovery and exploitation of business opportunities in the dairy industry. A theoretical framework was developed around four managerial factors; networking, human capital, market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation. Several propositions were built to identify the impact of these factors on the discovery and exploitation of opportunities in the dairy industry in both Canada and Mexico. This research shed more light on why some producers are more productive than others and how this is allowing some dairy producers to be more profitable. In addition, findings compare both industries and the differences and similarities are shown in terms of operations, managerial styles and processes in which the discovery and exploitation of opportunities take place.

Trots att allt fler kvinnor tar plats i näringslivet så domineras såväl näringslivet som de flesta chefspositioner fortfarande av män. Ständigt pågår diskussioner om vad det är som skapar denna sneda fördelning, samt hur kvinnor är i en avvikande position på grund av sin minoritet och huruvida det finns hinder som gör det svårt för kvinnor att nå upp till toppen. Oavsett hur detta stämmer eller ej är det endast individuella upplevelser av kvinnor som lyckats ta sig till toppen som närmast kan förklara hur verkligheten ser ut. Med detta som utgångspunkt ämnar studien undersöka kvinnliga VD:ar inom det svenska näringslivet för att försöka ta reda på, samt redogöra för, hur de upplever att olika möjligheter och eventuella hinder har spelat roll för deras respektive karriärer. Studien är av kvalitativ utformning, där data samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Det sammanställda resultatet kommer därefter att analyseras ställt mot valda teorier och modeller, för att slutligen diskuteras med inslag av egna reflektioner och slutsatser. Studien visar på hur majoriteten av kvinnorna stött på fler möjligheter än hinder i sin karriär, trots att de suttit i avvikande positioner som kvinnor i mansdominerade branscher. Det framgår att utbildning och erfarenhet samt inställning och självförtroende är de kanske mest avgörande faktorerna för en framgångsrik karriär. Men även att hjälp i vardagen och uppmuntrande chefer ger betydelsefulla möjligheter i att avancera. Den synlighet som följer med en avvikande position identifieras ur en positiv aspekt sett till att bli ihågkommen, men även ur en negativ aspekt då synligheten i vissa avseenden kan innebära en ökad stressfaktor. Vilket innebär att en avvikande position kan förklaras både som en möjlighet och som ett eventuellt hinder för kvinnor i karriären. Slutligen framgår att det inte kan identifieras några allmängiltiga hinder, utan att hinder är individuella och varierar från person till person beroende på förhållanden och omständigheter. / Despite the fact that more women are taking place in the business world men are still dominating the highest positions as well as the whole industry. Discussions are constantly ongoing about what it is that creates this skewed distribution, how women are in a deviant position due to the fact of their minority and whether there are obstacles that make it harder for women to reach the top positions. Regardless if it’s true or not, it is individual experiences by women whom have reached high positions within the business world that best can explain what the reality looks like. On this basis, the study will try to examine female CEO:s within the confederation of Swedish enterprise and try to find out, and explain, how they have experienced different opportunities and how possible obstacles have played a role in their careers. The study is based on qualitative data, in terms of semi-structured interviews, which will be analyzed against chosen theories and lastly be discussed with own reflections and conclusions. The study shows how the majority of women have experienced more opportunities than obstacles through their career, despite the fact that they have been in deviant positions in industries dominated by men. It is found that education and experience as well as attitude and confidence might be the most crucial factors for a successful career. But also the help in the everyday life and encouraging managers provide significant opportunities to advance. The visibility that follows with a deviant position is identified as positive when it comes to the fact that one will be more remembered, but also from a negative point of view when the visibility in some respects can imply an increased stress. Hence, to be in a deviant position can be explained both as an opportunity and as a possible obstacle for women in their advancement to reach a top position. Lastly it appears that any universal obstacles for women couldn’t be identified, that obstacles are individual and varies from person to person depending on conditions and circumstances.

The purpose of this study was to examine and compare what causes some municipalities to work with and market their sustainability work in circle economy and what causes some other municipalities not to do so. The study focused on six municipalities, three who worked with and marketed their sustainability work and three who didn’t. Through telephone interviews a representative from each municipalitiey answered; how they defined circular economy, what drove/not drove them to work with circular economy, what difficulties there is with circular economy in the public sector and how the municipalities work can be improved. The results showed that the definition of the economic model was about the same, what differed was their knowledge about the importance of product design. Knowledge and interest in circular economy was two of the causes of why municipalities worked with the model. The fact that the issue was not a priority and the lack of resources from politicians seemed to be two determining factors of why the municipalities’ interest in working with circular economy was small. Sweden’s government needed to act in the question and focus more on top-down instead on today’s down-top work. The municipalities needed to get guidelines and support to make decisions that promoted circular economy since it was an important part of a sustainable development.

Bakgrund: I Sverige drabbades år 2016 cirka 26 500 människor av stroke, varav 6900 avled. Att få en stroke innebär att delar av hjärnan blivit utsatt för syrebrist och till följd sker en vävnadsdöd. Det är vanligt med såväl fysiska och psykiska komplikationer efter en stroke. Sjuksköterskan har ett stort ansvar över omvårdnaden för att kunna tillgodose patientens omvårdnadsbehov efter en stroke. Syfte: Att beskriva personers upplevelse efter att ha drabbats av en stroke samt att beskriva samtliga studiers datainsamlingsmetod. Metod: En litteraturstudie med beskrivande design med ett innehåll av 15 kvalitativa artiklar som sökts fram genom databasen Medline via PubMed. Huvudresultat: Efter att ha drabbats av en stroke upplevde personerna en förlorad identitet, en minskad autonomi och en social isolering till följd av de komplikationer som uppstod. Fysiska funktionsnedsättningar som förekom var till exempel pares och dysfagi medan psykiska funktionsnedsättningar som förekom var till exempel trötthet och nedstämdhet. Trots funktionspåverkan upplevde flera deltagare glädje, hopp och motivation i de framsteg som gjordes. Vanligaste datainsamlingsmetoden som användes i åtta studier var semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Slutsats: Samtliga deltagare beskrev upplevelser av förlust av sin identitet, minskad autonomi samt social isolering till följd av komplikationer som uppstod efter en stroke. Trots dessa omständigheter upplevde flera deltagare glädje, hopp och motivation. För sjuksköterskan är det viktigt att ha kunskap om, och i tidigt skede informera patienten om de kvarstående symtom som kan upplevas för att personerna bättre ska kunna begripa och hantera sin situation. / Background: In Sweden, about 26,500 people suffered from a stroke in 2016 of whom 6,900 died. Stroke means that parts of the brain have been exposed to oxygen deficiency causing necrosis in the brain tissue. It is common that stroke have negative impact on physical and mental abilities. The nurse has a major responsibility to meet the demands of care and patient´s nursing needs after a stroke. Aim: To describe people's experience after having a stroke and to describe the method used in the scientific articles used in this study. Method: A literature study with descriptive design including 15 scientific articles with a qualitative approach that were found at the database Medline PubMed. Results: After suffering a stroke people experience a loss of loss of identity, a reduced autonomy and a social isolation caused by stroke related complications. Physical disabilities that occurred were, for example paresis and dysphagia while mental disabilities were, for example fatique and depression. Despite the complications several participants experienced joy, hope and motivation in the progress made. The most common data collection method, used in eight of the studies, was semi-structured interviews. Conclusion: All participants expressed a loss of identity, a reduced autonomy and a social isolation caused by stroke related complications. Despite these circumstances, several participants experienced joy, hope and motivation. For nurses, it is important to have knowledge and to inform the patient about remaining symptoms in order to help the patient to better understand and manage the situation.

MARTINS, Maria Artemis Ribeiro. Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PNAIC): a educação como legitimação e dominação social. 2016. 190f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2016. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-25T10:53:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_marmartins.pdf: 883665 bytes, checksum: 9dcb22dafbc40959536c9dfbca2c302f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-26T14:44:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_marmartins.pdf: 883665 bytes, checksum: 9dcb22dafbc40959536c9dfbca2c302f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:44:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_marmartins.pdf: 883665 bytes, checksum: 9dcb22dafbc40959536c9dfbca2c302f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / This dissertation presents a critical analysis of the National Pact for Literacy in the Right Age (Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa) - PNAIC, policy established in response to the requirements of the World Bank Group for Brazilian educational system, and has as main objective to find it as a legitimating mechanism of the social domination. This is a documental and bibliographic research supported by the marxist theoretical axis. We opted for the synthesis of multiple determinations that grants us the historical and dialectical materialism, as well as in Marx, both the expository path of this investigation as the mentioned above complex will be guided by our object. The logic of this approach is based on the concept of education as an investment in men, i.e. in the formation of human capital and intellectual capital, based on the ideology of equal opportunities, that promotes in people the belief that everyone, regardless of their social background, are able to enter equitably in the individual pursuit of the development of their skills and abilities and thus to ascend socially. This rise - albeit partial, limited and based on expanding access to consumer goods through indebtedness programs - endorses the naturalization of inequality, the class change fiction, the compliance with the objective conditions of existence and the detachment of the class struggle, therefore, for the legitimation and social domination. Considering the role and the paths taken by international agencies on the educational field in Brazil, regarding the education policies in the international scope that emerged during the post-war decades, continuing on at the turn of the twenty-first century and appeared in the Brazilian scene in early 2000`s, alongside the theory of equal opportunities by François Dubet - an ideology that legitimizes and naturalizes the inequalities, the Brazilian education is here conceived in the context of capitalist sociability and class struggle, influenced by the nuances of the international economy and politics. Despite the unveiled limits and the need of class organs intermediating, we conclude that education (with the educational systems and schools) has an essential role in the socialization of the knowledge historically constructed and represents a moment of great importance for the development of a proletariat consciousness with the merge between the theoretical and practical spheres of the human existence. Therefore, it can assist in working class struggle for emancipation. / A presente dissertação apresenta uma análise crítica do Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PNAIC), política estabelecida em resposta às prescrições do Grupo Banco Mundial para o sistema educacional brasileiro, e tem por objetivo central localizá-lo como mecanismo de legitimação e de dominação social. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental e bibliográfica apoiada no eixo teórico marxista. Optamos pela síntese de múltiplas determinações que nos permite o materialismo histórico-dialético e, assim como em Marx, tanto o trajeto expositivo dessa investigação quanto o complexo supracitado serão guiados pelo nosso objeto. A lógica dessa abordagem se dá por meio da concepção da educação como investimento nos homens, ou seja, para a formação de capital humano e de capital intelectual que, amparada na ideologia da igualdade das oportunidades, fomenta nos indivíduos a crença de que todos, independentemente de sua origem social, são capazes de se inserir, equitativamente, na busca individual do desenvolvimento de suas competências e habilidades e, assim, ascenderem socialmente. Essa ascensão – ainda que parcial, limitada e baseada na ampliação do acesso aos bens de consumo por meio dos programas de endividamento – corrobora com a naturalização das desigualdades, com a ficção de mudança de classe, para a conformação com as condições objetivas de existência e para o distanciamento da luta de classes, portanto, para a legitimação e a dominação social. Observando o papel e os caminhos percorridos pelas agências internacionais sobre o campo educacional do Brasil; o percurso das políticas educacionais emergidas do âmbito internacional do pós-guerra, na virada entre os Séculos XX e XXI, bem como seu despontamento na trama brasileira no Século XXI e a teoria da igualdade de oportunidades, de François Dubet – como ideologia que contribui para a legitimação e para a naturalização das desigualdades, a educação brasileira é aqui pensada no contexto da sociabilidade capitalista e da luta de classes, sob as nuances da economia e da política internacional. Não obstante os limites desvelados e a necessidade de ser mediada por organismos de classe, concluímos que a educação (com seus sistemas educacionais e escolas) possui um papel imprescindível na socialização dos conhecimentos historicamente construídos e representa um momento de extrema importância para o desenvolvimento da consciência do proletariado com a fusão entre as esferas teóricas e práticas da existência humana, portanto, pode auxiliar na luta da classe trabalhadora por sua emancipação.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether preschool staff who participated in a previous health project retains the good behavior change, and to explore their perceived barriers and opportunities for this. The study was conducted on a "feel good" preschool and the selected population was preschool teachers and/or child minders. The selected method was qualitative, descriptive, and through the interviews the respondents got questions about their behavior changes and their experiences of this. The result of the survey showed that nearly all of the participants in the study had maintained the good behavior changes and most of them had implemented them in their lives. The obstacles that individuals perceived were mainly time constraints and the opportunities they saw were planning, motivation and positive experience. The conclusion was that almost all respondents maintained the previous behavior changes and they have also understood the importance to be physically active and eat a healthy diet. One of the obstacles that individuals considered to be difficult is when there is insufficient time and all of the participants then usually remove the workout. Opportunities that individuals perceived were that planning is important for the success of change unhealthy behaviorsandthat there is a strong motivation. The individuals who participated in the study are driven and well aware of the health benefits they have gained by maintaining their good habits. During the interview it has shown that these people have a very strong will and faith in themselves. They are also motivated to continue their work so that the healthy lifestyle one day will be permanent and a natural part of their lives.