This diploma thesis deals with selected methods that large companies can use to optimize their business results in the international environment. It focuses namely on methods of outsourcing, offshoring, tax optimization and cash flow management. The first part briefly describes globalization in the world economy and transnational corporations as its major players. The next two chapters are devoted to strategies which lead to cost reductions of enterprises due to outsourcing and offshoring. The fourth part characterizes the way offshoring enters into foreign markets in the form of foreign direct investments. The fifth section deals with tax optimizations for multinational companies. The sixth part mentions the measures taken so far in the area of tax coordination in the world and in particular the European Union and the last chapter briefly defines various options which can be used for cash flow optimization.

This diploma thesis analyzes the problem of line planning in urban public transport as an object of Operations Research. It is based on the Theory of Graphs, building specific model network referring to a real existing network. Each line represents the flow through part of this network, respecting additional constraints. The goal is to optimize existing routing by decreasing the number of lines in service and making the routing easier to understand and remember. On the contrary to casual models, this one has been designed to perfectly describe a real existing network, tramway service in Prague, Czech Republic. Furthermore, no set of lines is given in advance. The flow is newly computed by optimizing software to fit the demand and the capacity of each branch. So the output should give the user a concrete route of each line in operation.

This thesis deals with trading strategy development on foreign market exchange (FOREX) from a perspective of technical analysis. A hypothesis that price data can be used for stable profitable decision making is analyzed. For that purpose, financial data preparation and derived indicators are described in detail. At first, strategies are randomly constructed. Afterward, they are improved iteratively by means of evolution principles. Genetic programming is used in particular. Special attention is devoted to fitness functon definition, on which the progress of strategies depends. Besides usual criterion - profit, other aspects are taken into account. Transactional costs are included in strategy evaluation. Costs have even been increased in comparison with declared values. Some of the best strategies are tested on data, which has not been used for their development. Obtained results did not support the hypothesis. However, process of a strategy search can be improved.

Genetic algorithms are some of the most flexible among optimization methods. Because of their low requirements on input data, they are able to solve a wide array of problems. The flexibility is balanced by their lower effectiveness. When compared to more specialized methods, their results are inferior. This thesis examines the possibility of increasing their effectiveness by means of controlling their run by an artificial neural network. Presented inside are means of controlling a run of a genetic algorithm by a self-organizing map. The thesis contains an algorithm proposal, a prototype implementation of such algorithm and a series of tests to assess its efficiency. While the results on benchmark functions show some positive properties, the problems of greater complexity yield less optimistic results.

With the mass availability of smartphones, mobile access to e-mail is gaining importance. Over the years, the IMAP protocol has been extended with many features ranging from extensions adding new functionality to those improving efficiency over an unreliable network. This thesis evaluates the available extensions based on their suitability for use in the context of a mobile client. Three new extensions have been developed, each improving the protocol in a distinct way. The thesis also discusses how most of these extensions were implemented in Trojitá, the author's free software open source IMAP e-mail client.

In the present thesis we provide compact extended formulations for a wide range of polytopes associated with the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP), monadic second order logic (MSO) on graphs, and extensions of MSO, when the given instances have bounded treewidth. We show that our extended formulations have additional useful properties, and we uncover connections between MSO and CSP. We conclude that a combination of the MSO logic, CSP and geometry provides an extensible framework for the design of compact extended formulations and parameterized algorithms for graphs of bounded treewidth. Putting our framework to use, we settle the parameterized complexity landscape for various extensions of MSO when parameterized by two important graph width parameters, namely treewidth and neighborhood diversity. We discover that the (non)linearity of the MSO extension determines the difference between fixedparameter tractability and intractability when parameterized by neighborhood diversity. Finally, we study shifted combinatorial optimization, a new nonlinear optimization framework generalizing standard combinatorial optimization, and provide initial findings from the perspective of parameterized complexity

Objective of this work is optimization of a technological process at the machining center. The process of optimization concerns cost reduction and fabrication time reduction with automatization of fabrication by reducing the number of machine stoppings. It is achieved by introduction of an automatic measuring system of dimensional characteristics with system RENISHAW integrated at the machine. The objective is to achieve most elevated level of machine autonomy also by reducing the costs and fabrication time.

The aim of the thesis was to propose possible measures to optimize existing waste management system in Hermanuv Mestec based on the description and analysis of the current situation. In the theoretical sphere the thesis works with basic terms of the current Czech legislative norms and regulations. The geographical position, city planning solution and demographic evolution were characterized. The whole system ensuring waste management in the investigated area was described and its compositions were specified, including their production practices and quantification of economic costs. To analyze the issue of city's waste management system the SWOT analysis and the method of comparison were employed. Recommendations, based on the conducted analysis and findings, were presented for optimizing current system of the organizational sphere, personnel management and financial parts.

The thesis deals with the optimization of the production of a particular industrial enterprise, Armaturka Vranová Lhota plc, with the use of cost and revenue functions for three analyzed industrial valves. In the literary section it provides basic theoretical and methodological foundations on the issue, including definitions of essential terms. The emphasis here is on determination of cost functions and classification of costs, revenues function and optimal size of a company's output in the short term. This section also describes the use of econometric models. The practical part is focused on drawing up individual models of the analyzed products. Based on the developed econometric models, respectively their incremental characteristics, the optimization of production was carried out. In the conclusion section, the results obtained from the individual productions are compared with the real value of industrial valves production.

This diploma thesis focuses on the issue of evaluation VoIP services (from the perspective of QoE) and their quality in university network. It includes theoretical basics of VoIP testing, principals of QoS, and also overview of QoE/MOS measurement methods. Next part describes the test bed and methodology used for measurements and evaluating of results. Site survey results and VoIP quality measurement are evaluated at the end, followed by recommendations that can lead to better VoIP quality in MENDELU wireless network.