Tato diplomová práce se zabývá návrhem optomechanického modulu pro chemické mapování metodou spektroskopie laserem buzeného plazmatu (LIBS). Cílem je vyvinout modul, který bude umožňovat analýzu spektrálních čar zinku v ultrafialové (UV) oblasti. V práci jsou popsány teoretické základy metody LIBS a následně je provedena rešerše zaměřená na problematiku dálkové LIBS analýzy. V diplomové práci jsou prezentovány možné optické návrhy fokusační a sběrné optiky, z nichž jsou vybrané následně otestovány. Výsledkem práce je konstrukční návrh modulu.

Optomechanical components are widely used in many optical experiments. This diploma thesis deals with design and manufacturing optomechanical components using 3D print technology. These are cheaper alternatives of commercial devices. In addition to 3D printed parts, minimum number of other components are used to assemble functional devices. Using simple experimental setups, the manufactured components are evaluated and compared with commercially available ones. The results show that they can be used in applications where high accuracy is not required. The second part is devoted to the design and manufacturing of a polarimeter as a mechanism combining electrical and mechanical components with 3D printed parts. The polarimeter is used to measure some properties of polarized light.

Les systèmes optomécaniques, dans lesquels les vibrations d'un résonateur mécanique sont couplées à un rayonnement électromagnétique, ont permis l'examen de multiples nouveaux effets physiques. Afin d'exploiter pleinement ces phénomènes dans des circuits réalistes et d'obtenir différentes fonctionnalités sur une seule puce, l'intégration des résonateurs optomécaniques est obligatoire. Ici nous proposons une nouvelle approche pour la réalisation de systèmes intégrés et hétérogènes comportant des cavités à cristaux photoniques bidimensionnels au-dessus de guides d'ondes en silicium-sur-isolant. La réponse optomécanique de ces dispositifs est étudiée et atteste d'un couplage optomécanique impliquant à la fois les mécanismes dispersifs et dissipatifs. En contrôlant le couplage optique entre le guide d'onde intégré et le cristal photonique, nous avons pu varier et comprendre la contribution relative de ces couplages. Cette plateforme évolutive permet un contrôle sans précédent sur les mécanismes de couplage optomécanique, avec un avantage potentiel dans des expériences de refroidissement et pour le développement de circuits optomécaniques multi-éléments pour des applications tels que le traitement du signal par effets optomécaniques. / Optomechanical systems, in which the vibrations of a mechanical resonator are coupled to an electromagnetic radiation, have permitted the investigation of a wealth of novel physical effects. To fully exploit these phenomena in realistic circuits and to achieve different functionalities on a single chip, the integration of optomechanical resonators is mandatory. Here, we propose a novel approach to heterogeneously integrated arrays of two-dimensional photonic crystal defect cavities on top of silicon-on-insulator waveguides. The optomechanical response of these devices is investigated and evidences an optomechanical coupling involving both dispersive and dissipative mechanisms. By controlling optical coupling between the waveguide and the photonic crystal, we were able to vary and understand the relative strength of these couplings. This scalable platform allows for unprecedented control on the optomechanical coupling mechanisms, with a potential benefit in cooling experiments, and for the development of multi-element optomechanical circuits in the frame of optomechanically-driven signal-processing applications.

The topic of this thesis is the theoretical analysis of theoptomechanical coupling effects in a high-finesse optical cavity, and the experimental realization of such a device.Radiation pressure exerted by light limits the sensitivity of high precision optical measurements. In particular, the sensitivity of interferometric measurements of gravitational wave is limited by the so called standard quantum limit. cavity with a movable mirror. The internal field stored in such cavity can be orders of magnitude greater than the input field, and it's radiation pressure force can change the physical length of the cavity. In turn, any change in the mirror's position changes the phase of the out put field. This optomechanical coupling leads to an intensity-dependent phase shift for thelight equivalent to an optical Kerr effect. Such a device can then be used for squeezing generation or quantum nondemolition measurements.In our experiment, we send a laser beam in to a high-finesse optical cavity with a movable mirror coated on a high Q-factor mechanical resonator. Quantum effects of radiation pressure become therefore, at low temperature, experimentally observable. However, we've shown that the phase of the reflected field is very sensitive to small mirror displacements, which indicate other possible applications of thistype of device like high precision displacements measurements. We've been able to observe the Brownian motion of the moving mirror. We've also used an auxiliary intensity modulated laser beam to optically excite the acoustic modes. We've finally obtained a sensitivity of2x10^(-19) m/sqrt(Hz), in agreement with theoretical prediction.

In this thesis, different optomechanical design and adhesive configurations for mounting mirrors and prisms used in a laser system are investigated. Maintaining stability and strength of optical components of a laser device is difficult especially if the system is to be used in military environment. In order to determine the strength of prism mounts to high acceleration levels, mathematical correlations derived by Yoder are used. By use of these mathematical correlations, safety factor of different prism mounts and adhesive configurations are calculated for an acceleration level of 40g. So as to decide most stable mirror mount and adhesive configuration, several experiments are conducted. For the experiments, 5 different optomechanical mounts are designed. Then, 25 mirrors are bonded to the designed mounts with 5 different adhesives. These experiments are done to simulate harsh military environmental conditions such as thermal shock, mechanical vibration and mechanical shock. In the experiments, angular movement of mirrors due to adhesive cure, thermal shock, mechanical vibration and mechanical shock are monitored. Thermal shock is applied between -40&ordm / C and 70&ordm / C with a temperature change of 22&ordm / C/min. On the v other hand, mechanical vibration of 14 grms and mechanical shock of 40g for 6 ms is applied in the experiments. Shortly, this study is done for determination of the most stable mirror and prism mount design and adhesive combination of a laser system subjected to extremely harsh environments.