Industrialization of construction is a business strategy to significantly improve competitiveness. However, the organization structure of the construction firms needs to support the new production system. The knowledge on why and how this business development can be accomplished is scarce, both within academia and in business practice. This research seeks to fill this knowledge gap. The purpose of organization structure and the production system have is to coordinate the firm’s processes and control the work performing resources. Information is one of the most fundamental dimensions for steering and controlling the work. The different information types are determined by the firm’s product customization strategy and the production system flexibility. Further, diverse information types are managed in different extent by the organizational steering mechanisms. Consequently, firms with dissimilar customization strategy or production flexibility should organizationally be designed differently in order to be efficient. The developed model identifies four generic production topologies: “engineer-to-order” (ETO), “manufacture-to-order” (MTO), “assembly-to-order” (ATO), and “make-standard-products” (MSP). The differences between the topologies can be related to the location of the “customer-order-decoupling-point” (CODP) in the product realization process; and to what extent the upstream and downstream processes continuously use stored information or process information to accomplish the work of each product order. The model predicts which organization structure mechanisms that should be used for which processes for each production topology. It is the specific configuration of the mechanisms that gives each production topology their organizational capability. The model has been validated by case studies in four organizations, each representing one of the four generic production topologies. Three cases considered housing and one studied truck manufacturing. It has been shown that the conventional housing firms have an ETO-production topology, while industrialized housing firms belonging to one of the others, i.e. MTO, ATO or MSP. The reason is that ETO-firms rely on crafts-based production to manage the work, while the other topologies base their steering mechanisms on industrial principles. These two types of production are fundamentally different, which also explain the need for different organization structures. The research complements previous knowledge and significantly increases the ability to predict, analyze and explain an organization’s design and behavior. The model can be used in practice to guide business development work and performance improvement programs. / <p>Research funder: SBUF (The development fund of the Swedish construction industry). QC 20131113</p>

The main target of this thesis is measures suggestion in field of human resources management in the company of Tekoo, spol. s r.o. on the bases of the analysis of human activities, which promote better business performance. This dissertation includes model case selection of staff and the introduction of a new incentive component. The result of this dissertation is a suggestion and detailed description of activities for originate department of human resources, which contributes to higher productivity and more efficient human resources management.

This thesis is focused on project planning and management optimalization in the department of technical evaluation FEM (TKF/1), Škoda Auto, a. s. Its theoretical part specifies the framework of project management, including the methodology of project leadership and software instruments. Afterwards it mentions various types of organisational structure, stressing the matrix structure. The practical part starts with the description of the company, of its organisational structure and of activities explaining processes in TKF/1. Then follows an analyse of the current situation in the project leadership of the observed department, that is summarised in a well-arranged SWOT. Based on these outlines, a new organisational structure is proposed, as well as a new process of the development projects' planning. The thesis contains a proposal of setting of sources out from the corporate fund of sources that facilitates an effective capacity planning of whole department, and it also contains a template of development activity in MS Project.

This material informs readers about implementation of strategy in company. The chapter number 1 (theoretical part) deals with the general principals of implementation of strategy and methods which are used for practise. This part should be instrumental as a theoretical base for the practical part. The sekond part (analysis) is focusing on running of comapany Komerční pojišťovna, a.s.. It describes history of company, its activities, organization structure. First of all it characterizes the methods, which are used by top management for implementation of strategy to all stages of management. Part of analysis is called questionnaire examination and it identifies fruitfulness of this implementation from employees view. The third part prezents proposals and recommendations for more efficient processes.

The diploma thesis deals with a creation of a business plan which is about to analyze current situation of technological startup with the aim to stabilize it and create suitable solutions for expansion. The thesis contains some topics specific to technological startups. It also contains complete business plan of chosen strategy for the expansion.

No description available.

The research problem that this study sought to address stemmed from a lack of knowledge about South African organizations and a dearth of empirical, quantitative research into organizations, organization structure and organization climate in this country. Five research hypotheses were formulated to address this problem and its attendant subpriJblems. A comprehensive review of the related literature and research was c~trried out and Organization Theory was traced to its earliest beginnings. A number of schools hased on Max Weber's bureaucratic ideal type were described and contrasted. Much attention was paid to the work of the Aston group m the United Kingdom and to their efforts to operationalize Weberian concepts and to incorporate them into a replicable body of quantitative research. Points of departure were re-examined and some new twists to Systems Theory and Structural Functionalism were considered. It was established that the demographic characteristics of both the sample and the population were similar enough for the results of this study to be generalised to the population with some degree of confidence. Much care was taken to test and validate each of the scales that comprised the questionnaire, and item analyses and factor analyses were carried out for every variable and group of variables. The measures developed in other parts of the world and by other researchers performed very well in a South African setting - as did the measures developed specifically for this study. Statistical associations and causal relationships between the various sets of variables, both at the sector level and at individual industry subgroup level, were sought by means of multiple regression analyses. Broad support was found for a 'culture-free hypothesis' that there are a number of stable relationships between organizations and their context; and these relationships will be constant in direction and strength regardless of differences in structures, or in contexts of structures between societies. Importantly, there were also a number of significant differences between this study and the findings of other studies which reflected South Africa's unique blend of developed and developing cultures and value systems. These differences provide fertile ground for future research in the field of Organization Theory. / Business Management / DBL

This diploma thesis poses the question of the legal status of partners in a private limited liability company compared to the legal status of partners (shareholders) in a joint stock company. Although both companies are in a theory of Czech business law classified as capital corporations, which means that they have much in common, the legal enactments which are regulating the area of the partner's legal status in both legal forms contain many significant differences. Some of them may well be considered as slight, unimportant details, whereas the others represent fundamental differences, which, for the partner's legal status, are more than crucial. The partner's participation in the company's activities and in its management could be mentioned as one of the examples. Meanwhile, the partners in a private limited liability company typically participate in the whole life of their corporation, the shareholders in a joint stock company only influence the life of their corporation implicitly, through their influence over the personal structure of the executive body (called board of directors), which is entrusted with the power of the company's management. The members of this executive body are usually represented by people outside of the company; the theory talks about professional, hired management, which is leading to a phenomenon called corporate governance. This diploma thesis not only contains chapters on the legal status of partners in the given types of corporations, it also includes a general interpretation of the terms private limited liability company and joint stock company. Only a correct representation of these terms can lead to an accurate understanding of the partner's legal status. Finally, there are also several comparative thoughts and tables, including some decisions of the business courts added at the end of the paper. Through the means of the above mentioned business court's decisions the author is attempting to demonstrate how the partner's rights and obligations are being performed in practice.

論文摘要 台灣半導體產業協會（2005）對台灣主要IC公司營運狀況所做的調查統計結果所發表「台灣半導體產業對國家的貢獻」研究報告顯示：IC產業無論在產值、營運附加價值、創匯收入、投資、政府投資獲利、所帶動的週邊效益…等，都有穩定到持續成長之表現，為台灣深具競爭力之產業。在先進半導體製造技術進步之下，「智慧工廠自動化」技術成為半導體製造廠商的核心能力的重要部分。根據資策會市場情報中心的1998年分析研究，「智慧工廠自動化」系統技術創新屬於「系統整合」類型的軟體創新。 本研究主要採用文獻探討以及個案訪談作為主要的研究方法，先藉由文獻探討建立起論文整體之架構以及相關理論之說明定義所需探討之研究變項，之後再透過台灣半導體製造標竿企業的六個系統整合專案訪談加以實證。本研究以研究「系統整合專案類型」、「技術知識特質」、與「組織架構特質」對「系統整合創新平台」的關聯，來探討台灣半導體智慧工廠系統整合軟體開發的管理作為，說明所觀察現象的具體意義，以及背後的思考邏輯。而可得到以下初步之研究結論： 一、系統整合專案類型與技術知識特質 1.不同的系統整合專案類型，有不同的技術知識特質。製程發展攸關類型專案，技術知識的多元性較高。資訊系統改造類型專案，技術知識的內隱性較低、多元性較低、標準化程度較高、路徑相依程度較高。 2.製程發展攸關專案在不同階段可能因應技術開發標的不同，會有不同的技術知識特質。早期發展階段將現有的作業流程「自動化」，所以技術知識內隱性為較低。在後期發展階段以採用新技術使系統「智慧化」，所以技術知識內隱性為較高。 二、技術知識特質與系統整合的創新平台 3.系統整合專案的技術知識的內隱程度差異，使外部知識的來源有所差異。系統整合專案的技術知識的內隱程度愈低，外部知識的來源愈傾向專業廠商。系統整合專案的技術知識的內隱程度愈高，外部知識的來源愈傾向大學等研究機構。 4.系統整合專案的技術知識的多元程度愈高，使用者參與程度愈傾向「共同開發」。多元程度愈低，使用者參與程度愈傾向「交付模式或是隔牆交易」。 三、組織結構特質與系統整合的創新平台 5.台灣半導體製造業隨著組織正式化的程度提高，傾向將跨部門的整合溝通活動，予以正式的組織化。這些組織的成員也是來自各個知識領域。 6.在台灣半導體製造企業內的正式組織與臨時性的專案組織之間，選擇「虛擬組織」結構以吸收、創造、積蓄、與擴散重要的跨部門技術知識。 四、其他發現 7.整合跨部門知識領域來創造出新的知識，進而由新知識來創造出新的軟體系統。 8.製程發展攸關類型系統整合專案之技術知識內隱程度愈低，使用者需求定義書對於專案的成功就愈重要。反之，技術知識內隱程度愈高，使用者需求定義書對於專案的成功就愈不相關。 關鍵字：半導體製造、系統整合、智慧工廠自動化、技術知識特質、組織結構特質、創新平台 / Taiwan Semiconductor Industry Association (2005) delivered a report “The national contribution of Taiwan semiconductor industry”, which claimed that IC industry is very critical to Taiwan economic growth and a very competitive industry in the world. In 2004, Taiwan was the first in IC foundry industry with more than 70% market share, the second large cluster of IC design houses with market share 28.2%, and the third in the DRAM industry in the word. In recent years, “Intelligent Fab Automation” technology has become the crucial component of the core competence of nanotechnology IC manufacturing. Based on the software classification of 1998 Institute for Information Industry, “Intelligent fab automation” is one kind of “System Integration” computer software innovation. It includes the advanced Manufacturing Execution System (MES), Advanced Process Control (APC), Advanced Material Handling System (AMHS), equipment automation systems, Engineering Data Analysis (EDA), and etc. “Intelligent fab automation” builds up the proprietary manufacturing capability. This thesis attempts to take an exploratory study of the relationship between characteristics of system integration project, characteristics of technological knowledge, characteristics of organization structure, and innovation platform on the benchmark semiconductor company in Taiwan. This thesis adopts reference and case study as the main research approach. It sets up the thesis whole structure by reference and relevant theories to define the factors. Afterward, to demonstrate the thesis structure by interview six system integration software projects of that company. There are primary figures found in the thesis： 1.The relationship between characteristics of system integration projects and characteristics of technological knowledge a)Different kinds of system integration projects have different characteristics of technological knowledge. The manufacturing-process relevant system development projects associate with high degree of technology diversity. The IT system reengineering projects associate with low degree of technology diversity and manufacturing technology advance. b)The manufacturing-process relevant system development project consists of different development stages that have different technology development targets. In the early stage, the development target is procedure automation with codified technology knowledge. In the later stage, it turns to intelligent system with tacit technology knowledge. 2.The relationship between characteristics of technological knowledge and innovation platform a)Different kinds of system integration projects have different types of project organizations. The IT system reengineering projects tend to adopt the “Function Team” to operate, but the manufacturing-process relevant projects tend to adopt a team type between the “Heavyweight Team” and the “Lightweight Team”. b)The IT system reengineering projects are not different from the manufacturing-process relevant projects in their joint problem resolution ways. They both tend to adopt “Experiments and Prototypes”. Projects with higher degree of tacit technology knowledge tend more to adopt prototypes and experiments to resolve problems jointly. c)System integration project with codified technology knowledge tend to collaborate with professional software house. However, those projects with tacit technology knowledge tend to collaborate with research institutes, such as university labs. d)Projects with higher technology diversity require more the end-user management and IT management to conduct the project vision together, and project team will consists of more different kinds of skills. Project manager tends to hire a manager with T-type or A-type management skills. e)Degree of technology diversity determines degree of user engagement in development. Projects with high degree of technology diversity tend to engage user in the joint development mode. Projects with low degree of technology diversity tend to engage user in the “Offering Mode”. f)All project teams tend to share knowledge internally through the “project meeting” regularly. g)If there is no sound industry standard, Taiwan semiconductor manufacturing company tends to define its own internal standard in order to reduce development cost. 3.The relationship between characteristics of organization structure and innovation platform a)High degree of organization formalization associates with the effort to formalize the communication and coordination activities across organizations. b)High-Tech manufacturing company tends to establish the virtualized organization before a formalized organization to absorb, create, accumulate, and diffuse cross-function technology knowledge. c)High degree of organization formalization associates with “structural” intenal knowledge sharing sessions. 4.Others a)New technology knowledge development leads to new system development. b)URD (User Requirement Definition) document becomes less important for the new system development projects, which associate with tacit technology knowledge. So does for project success. There are primary recommendations for managers in the relevant high-tech manufacturing industries: a)Understand that characteristics of technology determine technology innovation behaviors. b)Develop the manufacturing-process relevant technogies in the step-by-step approach - “procedure standardization”, “procedure automation”, and “intelligent system”. c)Encourage prototyping and experiements. d)Practively develop leaders with diversed skills. e)Follow or build the internal technology standards. f)Establish the dedicated organization to absorb, create, accumulate, and diffuse cross-function technology knowledge. g)Choose the software development model carefully. Keywords: semiconductor manufacturing, system integration, intelligent fab automation, characteristics of technological knowledge, characteristics of organization structure, innovation platform

The research problem that this study sought to address stemmed from a lack of knowledge about South African organizations and a dearth of empirical, quantitative research into organizations, organization structure and organization climate in this country. Five research hypotheses were formulated to address this problem and its attendant subpriJblems. A comprehensive review of the related literature and research was c~trried out and Organization Theory was traced to its earliest beginnings. A number of schools hased on Max Weber's bureaucratic ideal type were described and contrasted. Much attention was paid to the work of the Aston group m the United Kingdom and to their efforts to operationalize Weberian concepts and to incorporate them into a replicable body of quantitative research. Points of departure were re-examined and some new twists to Systems Theory and Structural Functionalism were considered. It was established that the demographic characteristics of both the sample and the population were similar enough for the results of this study to be generalised to the population with some degree of confidence. Much care was taken to test and validate each of the scales that comprised the questionnaire, and item analyses and factor analyses were carried out for every variable and group of variables. The measures developed in other parts of the world and by other researchers performed very well in a South African setting - as did the measures developed specifically for this study. Statistical associations and causal relationships between the various sets of variables, both at the sector level and at individual industry subgroup level, were sought by means of multiple regression analyses. Broad support was found for a 'culture-free hypothesis' that there are a number of stable relationships between organizations and their context; and these relationships will be constant in direction and strength regardless of differences in structures, or in contexts of structures between societies. Importantly, there were also a number of significant differences between this study and the findings of other studies which reflected South Africa's unique blend of developed and developing cultures and value systems. These differences provide fertile ground for future research in the field of Organization Theory. / Business Management / DBL