本研究旨在調查宜蘭縣國民中學校長正向領導與教師組織公民行為之現況並探究背景因素差異以及二者間之關係。 本研究採問卷調查法，以宜蘭縣公立國民中學教師為調查研究對象，以自編之「宜蘭縣國民中學校長正向領導與教師組織公民行為調查問卷」為工具進行問卷調查研究，正式問卷總計發出452份，回收有效樣本共410份，回收及有效率90.10%。 問卷回收後，以敘述統計、獨立樣本t考驗、單因子變異數分析、典型相關及多元迴歸等統計方法進行分析。研究結果與歸納結論如下： 一、宜蘭縣國民中學校長正向領導呈現中高度知覺，以正向溝通得分最高，正向意義得分最低。 二、宜蘭縣國民中學教師組織公民行為呈現中高度知覺，以組織公民表現得分最高；人際公民表現得分最低。 三、男性；年齡較長；最高學歷為專科及大學畢業；兼任主任；學校規模37班以上；學校位於一般地區之背景變項教師對校長正向領導的知覺程度較高。 四、男性；年齡較長；最高學歷為專科及大學畢業；服務年資較長；兼任主任及擔任專任教師；學校規模37班以上；學校位於一般地區之背景變項教師在教師組織公民行為方面的知覺程度較高。 五、宜蘭縣國民中學校長正向領導與教師組織公民行為之間具有顯著的高度正相關，依序以正向關係、正向溝通及正向氣氛對人際公民表現最具有影響力。 六、宜蘭縣國民中學校長正向領導以正向溝通對教師組織公民行為之預測力最高；正向關係及正向意義次之。 根據以上結論提出相關建議，作為教育行政機關、國民中學校長與教師及未來研究之參考。 / The study aimed to investigate the status of public junior high school principals’ positive leadership (PL) and teachers’ organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in Yilan County, furthermore, to analyze the differences of perceptions from different background teachers about PL, and OCB, and to explore the relationship among the two variables. Questionnaire survey method was adopted, the populations are teachers of public junior high schools in Yilan County, the samples include 24 schools and 452 questionnaires were distributed. There were 410 valid questionnaires used finally in the statistic analysis, and effective response rate is 91.10%. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, canonical correlation, and multiple regression. The conclusions are as follows: 1.The perception about PL from public junior high school teachers in Yilan County is mid-high level. The perception about positive communication was the highest and the lowest was positive meaning. 2.The perception about OCB from public junior high school teachers in Yilan County is mid-high level. The perception about OCBO was the highest and the lowest was OCBI. 3.The male, elder, university graduate, serving longer, department directors, from 37 or more classes schools and from schools in general areas teachers had higher perceptions about PL. 4.The male, elder, university graduate, department directors, full-time teachers, from 37 or more classes schools and from schools in general areas teachers had higher perceptions about OCB. 5.There were significantly high positive correlations between PL and OBC in Yilan County. Positive relationship, positive communication and positive climate were the most influential in OCBI. 6.Positive communication of junior high school principals’ positive leadership in Yilan County had the highest predictive effect on teachers’ organizational citizenship behavior, and both positive relationship and meaning second. Relative suggestions were provided as a reference to educational administration authorities, junior high school principals, teachers and researchers engaged in future related research.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study was developed in order to analyze the influence of organizational values and job satisfaction in organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB), considering the perception of employees and managers. To do so, we performed a descriptive, quantitative and qualitative nature, achieved through a case study of a manufacturer of home appliances. Initially, the quantitative stage involved 302 employees belonging to different hierarchical positions researched Company, who answered a questionnaire from models Scale of Civility in Organizations from Porto and Tamayo (2003), Inventory of Organizational Values Profile from Oliveira and Tamayo (2004) and Job Satisfaction Scale from Siqueira (1995). In a second step, the qualitative stage, 10 managers of Company investigated participated, with whom semi-structured interviews were conducted, the protocol being drawn up in the light of the models used. The main results state that, with respect to the OCB, the behaviors of the Protection system and Cooperation with colleagues were nominated by employees and managers as the most gifts in the organizational context investigated. However, in view of employees, the Self-training and Suggestions organizational management are less practiced in the workplace, however, the vision of managers presented some dissension, as indicated in these behaviors as recurring in members of the organization. In the analysis related to organizational values, identified that, according to the perceptions of employees and managers, are in the Company‟s priority the Dominion and compliance and Prestige and achievement, while values Well-being and Autonomy occupied seats lower in the hierarchy. In relation to job satisfaction, the evaluation of employees and managers showed greater contentment with the dimensions Satisfaction with leadership and Satisfaction with colleagues, and on the other hand, dissatisfaction mustered with Satisfaction with pay and promotions. Still, multiple regression analyzes revealed that the model with greater explanatory power was represented by the variable Creating favorable climate to the organization in the external environment, whose variance explained was 40.4 % by values Prestige and achievement and by the factor Satisfaction with pay and promotions, followed by the Protection system model in which the variance was explained for 31.1% by the values Prestige and achievement and Dominion and compliance and by the factor Satisfaction with colleagues. Thus, it was demonstrated that the organizational values and job satisfaction influence on organizational citizenship behavior. / Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o propósito de analisar a influência dos valores organizacionais e da satisfação no trabalho nos comportamentos de cidadania organizacional (CCO), considerando a percepção dos colaboradores e gestores. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva, de natureza quantitativa e qualitativa, concretizada por meio de um estudo de caso em uma empresa fabricante de eletrodomésticos. Inicialmente, na etapa quantitativa, participaram 302 colaboradores pertencentes a diversas posições hierárquicas da Empresa pesquisada, os quais responderam um questionário elaborado a partir dos modelos Escala de Civismo nas Organizações (ECO) de Porto e Tamayo (2003), Inventário de Perfis de Valores Organizacionais (IPVO) de Oliveira e Tamayo (2004) e Escala de Satisfação no Trabalho (EST) de Siqueira (1995). Em um segundo momento, na etapa qualitativa, participaram do estudo 10 gestores da Empresa investigada, com os quais efetivaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas, sendo o protocolo elaborado à luz dos modelos utilizados. Os principais resultados encontrados expõem que, no que tange aos CCO, os comportamentos de Proteção ao sistema e de Cooperação com os colegas foram os indicados pelos colaboradores e gestores como os mais presentes no contexto organizacional investigado. Em contrapartida, na visão dos colaboradores, o Autotreinamento e o comportamento de Sugestão à gestão organizacional são os menos praticados no ambiente de trabalho, contudo, a visão dos gestores apresentou algumas dissensões, visto que apontaram esses comportamentos como recorrentes nos membros da organização. Nas análises relacionadas aos valores organizacionais, identificou-se que, segundo a percepção dos colaboradores e gestores, são prioritários na Empresa o Domínio e conformidade e o Prestígio e realização, enquanto os valores Bem-estar e Autonomia ocuparam lugares inferiores na hierarquia. Em relação à satisfação no trabalho, à avaliação dos colaboradores e gestores demonstrou maior contentamento com as dimensões Satisfação com a chefia e Satisfação com os colegas, e, por outro lado, certa insatisfação arrolada a Satisfação com o salário e as promoções. Ainda, as análises de regressão múltiplas revelaram que o modelo com maior poder de explicação foi representado pela variável Criação de clima favorável à organização no ambiente externo, cuja variância foi explicada em 40,4% pelos valores Prestígio e realização e pelo fator Satisfação com o salário e as promoções, seguido do modelo Proteção ao sistema, no qual a variância foi explicada em 31,1% pelos valores Prestígio e realização e Domínio e conformidade e pelo fator Satisfação com os colegas. Assim, demonstrou-se que os valores organizacionais e a satisfação no trabalho exercem influência nos comportamentos de cidadania organizacional.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationships between stress and outcomes including organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), job satisfaction, and burnout in high-risk occupations. Moreover, how personality, emotions, coping, and leadership influence this relationship is investigated. Data were collected from 379 officers in 9 police organizations located in the Southern and Southwest United States. The primary research question addressed within this dissertation is: What is the relationship between stress and behavioral and affective outcomes in high-risk occupations as governed by coping, leadership, and crisis? The majority of the hypothesized relationships were supported, and inconsistencies center on methodological and theoretical factors. Findings indicate that occupational stressors negatively influence individuals in high-risk occupations. Moreover, crisis events exacerbate these influences. The use of adaptive coping strategies is most effective under conditions of low stress, but less so under highly stressful circumstances. Similarly, transformational leader behaviors most effectively influence how individuals in high-risk occupations are affected by lower, but not higher levels of stress. Profiles of personality characteristics and levels of emotional dissonance also influence the chosen coping strategies of those working in high-risk occupations. Prescriptively, it is important to understand the influences among the variables assessed in this study, because negative outcomes in high-risk occupations are potentially more harmful to workers and more costly to organizations. Thus, this dissertation answers the research question, but much work in this area remains to be done.

No description available.

A plethora of extant research focuses on the positive outcomes of organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB). However, there has been a relatively recent shift of focus that sheds light on the changing parameters and workplace perceptions of what such behaviors entail, as well as their adverse outcomes. As organizations and their employees endure changes, work expectations have consequently changed through differing perceptions of job tasks that individuals feel required or obligated to do, even when it is not included in their formal job description. Such feelings point to the concept of citizenship pressure (CP), which this thesis further explores and adds to the relatively little, but growing, research on the construct. Specifically, this thesis explores the relationship between OCB and job-related affective well-being (JAW), and the impact of CP on that relationship. A survey study was conducted to test the hypothesized moderation of CP on the relationship between OCB and JAW. The participants included 59 individuals over the age of 18 who were employed part-time or full-time, either at the time of their participation or within the preceding six months. While the hypothesized model was not significant, supplemental analyses were run on variations of this model. The additional models provided some significant findings that may lead to viable paths for further research. Future research directions, limitations, and practical implications are included.

There is a void that exists within the discretionary behavior literature as it pertains to the counterproductive work behavior (CWB) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) relationship, respectively. The present study examined the moderating effects of moral identity on the relationship between CWB and OCB. In addition, exploratory analyses using moral identity sub-dimensions, organizational fairness, and job satisfaction were conducted. The study recruited 254 participants using MTurk. Using moderated multiple regression, a moderating effect for internalization (a moral identity sub-dimension) was revealed for the relationship between the organizational sub-dimensions of CWB and OCB. Other moderation analyses proved to be non-significant. Theoretical and practical implications of results are discussed. Future research should implement a longitudinal design to help determine causality for the moderation finding, as the current study used cross-sectional data. Findings from this study could be used to help fill the CWB to OCB literature void previously mentioned.

No description available.

本研究旨在探討大學組織公平與行政人員組織公民行為之關係，並依據研究結果提出建議。首先，進行文獻探討，建立研究架構與工具。之後，以公立大學行政人員為研究對象，透過隨機抽樣進行問卷調查，總計有效樣本為 250 份，分別以描述統計、獨立樣本t檢定、Pearson積差相關分析、單因子變異數分析及多元迴歸分析等統計方法加以分析。依據研究結果分析，本研究主要發現如下： 一、目前大學行政人員對組織公平與組織公民行為之現況良好，在組織公平三個構面中，以「互動公平」平均數最高，「程序公平」最低。在組織公民行為三個構面中，以「利他人行為」平均數最高，「利組織行為」最低。 二、不同的現職服務學校年資、身分、職務、職等、學校規模及學校類別之行政人員對大學組織公平知覺有顯著差異。 三、不同年齡、現職學校服務年資、身分、職務及學校規模的行政人員之組織公民行為程度有顯著差異。 四、大學組織公平與行政人員組織公民行為具有高度相關，其中程序公平與整體組織公民行為、利組織行為呈現高度相關。 五、大學組織公平對行政人員組織公民行為具有預測力，其中以程序公平預測力最高，分配公平預測力最低。 最後，根據研究結果提出相關建議，提供大學組織與未來研究之參考。 / The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the public university’s organizational justice and administrative staff’s organizational citizenship behavior . The research methods are literature review and questionnaire survey. The data was collected from 250 administrative staffs serving in public universities and was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way-ANOVA, correlation and multiple regressions. The conclusions are as follows: 1.The administrative staff’s perception toward university’s organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior is positive. Among the three aspects of university’s organizational justice, the highest score appears in “interactional justice“ and the lowest in “procedure justice“. Among the three aspects of administrative staff’s organizational citizenship behavior, the highest score appears in “organizational citizenship behavior - individual” and the lowest in “organizational citizenship behavior - organization”. 2.Administrative staffs with different years of service, identity, position, grade, university size and university category show significant differences on university’s organizational justice. 3.Administrative staffs with different age, years of service, identity, position and university size show significant differences on administrative staff’s organizational citizenship behavior. 4.There are positive correlations between the university’s organizational justice and administrative staff’s organizational citizenship behavior. Wherein the procedure justice, overall organizational citizenship behavior and organizational citizenship behavior – organization presented highly correlated. 5.The university’s organizational justice is able to predict administrative staff’s organizational citizenship behavior. Wherein the procedure justice is highly coorelated to prediction and distributive justice has lower correlation. The findings and conclusions as above can be references provided to universities for strategic management. In addition, the major results of this research can be also provided as references for future research in this area.

本研究旨在探討國民中學教師個人與組織適配、組織承諾對組織公民行為影響之研究，並探究組織承諾在個人與組織適配與組織公民行為之間是否具有中介變項的效果。本研究採用問卷調查法，以苗栗縣共29 所國民中學教師為樣本母群體，採分層隨機抽樣，抽出364位受試者，回收有效問卷286份，所得資料分別以描述性統計、t 考驗、單因子變異數分析、皮爾遜積差關係、迴歸分析等統計方法進行資料的分析與處理，以瞭解國民中學教師個人與組織適配、組織承諾對組織公民行為之現況、差異情形及其預測力。研究結論如下： 一、苗栗縣國民中學教師個人與組織適配屬中上程度，以「個人與同事適配度」最高。 二、苗栗縣國民中學教師組織承諾屬中上程度，以「情感性承諾」最高。 三、苗栗縣國民中學教師組織公民行為屬中上程度，以「對學生之公民行為」最高。 四、本校服務年資及學校規模在教師個人與組織適配上有顯著差異。 五、學校規模在組織承諾上有顯著差異。 六、學校規模在組織公民行為上有顯著差異。 七、教師個人與組織適配、組織承諾對組織公民行為具顯著相關與預測。 八、教師組織承諾在個人與組織適配與組織公民行為間具有部份中介效果。 最後依據研究結果與結論，提出具體建議，以作為教育行政機關、國民中學校長、教師以及未來研究的參考。 關鍵詞：個人與組織適配、組織承諾、組織公民行為

本研究旨在探討國民中學校長家長式領導層面、學校組織健康與教師組織公民行為關係。研究方法為文獻分析與問卷調查法。研究對象為我國國民中學教師，共發出923份問卷，回收率76%，有效樣本共702份。問卷回收後分別以信度分析、描述統計、皮爾森積差相關、集群分析、變異數分析、多元迴歸及結構方程模式等統計方法進行分析。根據研究結果與分析歸納之研究結論如下： 壹、 國民中學教師感受較少校長威權領導行為、中等程度仁慈領導行為、較多德行領導行為。 貳、 國民中學學校組織健康程度尚佳。 參、 國民中學教師組織公民行為程度良好。 肆、 不同背景變項國民中學教師對校長家長式領導層面、學校組織健康及教師組織公民行為看法具顯著差異。 伍、 威權領導與仁慈領導、德行領導、學校組織健康、教師組織公民行為間具有顯著負相關；仁慈領導、德行領導、學校組織健康、教師組織公民行為間則具有顯著正相關。 陸、 國民中學校長家長式領導取向可區分為二種，且各取向在學校組織健康上具顯著差異。 柒、 國民中學校長家長式領導層面可顯著預測學校組織健康程度。 捌、 國民中學校長家長式領導層面及學校組織健康可顯著預測教師組織公民行為程度。 玖、 家長式領導層面、學校組織健康與教師組織公民行為因果關係模式適配度尚佳，其中仁慈領導對學校組織健康之整體效果最高，學校組織健康則對教師組織公民行為之整體效果最高。 最後，本研究依研究結論分別提出以下建議： 壹、 對國民中學校長領導的建議 一、強化仁慈領導程度。 二、強化德行領導程度。 三、轉變威權領導。 貳、 對教育工作者的建議 一、提升學校自主性。 二、校長應致力營造高倡導高關懷的組織氣候。 三、提升校長影響力並作好行政支援教學工作。 四、適時激勵教師工作士氣，營造對學校的認同感。 參、 對後續研究的建議 分別對研究對象、變項及方法等方面，對未來研究提出建議。 / This study is focused on investigating the relationship among paternalistic leadership, organizational health, and organizational citizenship behavior in public junior high schools. The research process includes literature review and questionnaire survey. The population of this study is the junior high school teachers across Taiwan. 923 questionnaires were distributed, and 76% of them about 702 questionnaires were returned. The data is analyzed through reliability analysis, descriptive statistic, Pearson product-moment correlation, cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA, multipack regression and SEM. The findings of the study are as follows: 1. Junior high school teachers show low level of perception in authoritarianism leadership, median level of perception in benevolence leadership , high level of perception in moral leadership, high level of perception in organizational health, and very high level of perception in organizational citizenship behavior. 2. Junior high school teachers with different background show different opinions in paternalistic leadership, organizational health, and organizational citizenship behavior. 3. Authoritarianism leadership has a negative correlation with benevolence leadership, moral leadership, organizational health, and organizational citizenship behavior; there is a positive correlation among benevolence leadership, moral leadership, organizational health, and organizational citizenship behavior. 4. There are two approaches of paternalistic leadership, and they have different impact on organizational health. 5. The paternalistic leadership can predict organizational health significantly; the paternalistic leadership together with organizational health can predict organizational citizenship behavior significantly. 6. The structure relation among paternalistic leadership, organizational health, and organizational citizenship behavior is good. The suggestions of the study are as follows: 1. The suggestions for junior high school principals. (1)Improving the benevolence leadership ability. (2) Improving the moral leadership ability. (3)Transforming the authoritarianism leadership. 2. The suggestions for junior high school educators. (1)Raising the school integrity. (2)Principals should try their best to create a organizational climate with high level of consideration and initiating structure. (3) Principals should boost their influence on their supervisors, and provide teachers with sufficient resources. (4)Inspiring teacher’s moral in time, and boosting their identification with schools. 3. The suggestions for further studies. This study advises some implications on research subjects, variables, and methods.