La corruption se définit de la manière la plus large comme tout « abus de pouvoir aux fins d’un profit privé ». Sous ses différentes formes, elle apparaît intimement liée à l’exercice du pouvoir. Cette dimension politique en fait l’envers de la démocratie, ainsi qu’un phénomène criminel particulièrement difficile à identifier, poursuivre et réprimer. Au cours des dernières décennies, elle aurait acquis une nouvelle dimension mondiale, rendant nécessaire une constante adaptation des dispositifs tant préventifs que répressifs. Cependant, le système pénal anti-corruption semble tributaire des profondes tensions générées par la confrontation permanente de la logique de l’État de droit à celle du pouvoir. Les résistances politiques s’avèrent nombreuses dans la perspective de diminuer les obstacles à une pleine efficacité répressive. Le juge pénal se trouve alors placé en première ligne de ce processus dialectique. Par son audace investigatrice et sa jurisprudence compensatrice, il contribuerait de manière décisive à faire évoluer le droit et, plus largement, à redéfinir les équilibres démocratiques entre pouvoir et contre-pouvoir. Sur le plan national, la justice acquiert ainsi une autonomie, une légitimité et une indépendance inédites. À travers la lutte contre la corruption transnationale, ce droit sous haute tension doit répondre au double défi de son efficacité et de son extranéité. L’approche systémique de la lutte contre la corruption permet alors de penser la cohérence d’ensemble des dispositifs juridiques, qu’il s’agit d’aligner suivant le même but : constituer une barrière protectrice pour le bien commun / Corruption is defined, in the broadest sense as any “abuse of power for private gain”. In its various forms, this phenomenon appears to be closely linked to the exercise of power. This political dimension makes it the opposite of democracy, as well as a criminal phenomenon which is particularly difficult to identify, prosecute and control. In the last decades, corruption has acquired a new international dimension that seemingly requires the constant adjustment of measures and provisions of law. However, the system dedicated to anti-corruption is seemingly born out of deep tensions generated by the permanent confrontation of the logic of the rule of law with the logic of power. There remains much political resistance to addressing the enforcement gap and remove the barriers to full repressive efficiency. The criminal judge is therefore placed at the forefront of this dialectical process. Through his investigative boldness and establishment of compensatory jurisprudence, the criminal judge contributes decisively to developing the law and, more broadly, to redefine the democratic balance between power and countervailing checks and balances. Nationally, justice thus acquires unprecedented autonomy, legitimacy and independence. Through the fight against transnational corruption, this law under high pressure must meet the dual challenge of its effectiveness and its foreignness. As a result, the systemic approach to the fight against corruption suggests we might think legal provisions in their overall consistency, with respect to their final aim: provide a line of defense for the common good

[pt] O aumento do crime organizado transnacional nas últimas três décadas fez com que as autoridades mundiais procurassem novos meios de enfrentar, reprimir e punir organizações cada vez mais poderosas. A soberania estatal impede a intervenção de terceiros nos assuntos internos dos Estados, mesmo quando se trata de delitos de repercussão internacional, impossibilitando a criação um órgão supranacional dotados de poderes para investigar e punir esses delitos. A única resposta encontrada pelos Estados foi o incremento dos tipos e da quantidade de medidas de cooperação internacional em matéria penal. Para isso, fez-se necessário rever os métodos tradicionais de cooperação judicial, outorgando às autoridades encarregadas da persecução penal maior autonomia para cooperar diretamente, sem intervenção judicial. No Brasil, mesmo que de forma mais vagarosa que no resto do mundo, o mesmo vai acontecendo. A tese propõe que a Constituição da República, da legislação infraconstitucional e dos tratados internacionais, que regulam a cooperação em matéria criminal celebrados pelo Brasil, revelam que o Ministério Público Brasileiro, em especial o Ministério Público Federal, tem o dever de cooperar com as autoridades estrangeiras no combate à criminalidade transnacional. É o Ministério Público o principal ator da persecução penal, sendo-lhe inerente papel a atribuição de realizar atos de cooperação internacional. Decisões recentes do Supremo Tribunal Federal e do Superior Tribunal de Justiça negaram a validade de atos de cooperação direta. Apesar disso, persistem fortes argumentos a favor da cooperação pelo MP, mesmo quando a medida solicitada pelo Estado estrangeiro depender da autorização dos órgãos da base do Poder Judiciário. / [en] In the last three decades the world has seen an astonishing rise in transnational organized crime, a challenge that made the International Society search for new ways to prosecute organizations that seem to grow more powerful every day. In International Society, each and every State is an independent and sovereign entity, which means that no other State or international entity may meddle in another Stat s internal affairs. This means that the prosecution of transnational crime cannot be entrusted to an international organ, nor can a State pretend to pursue an offender into another s territory. To overcome this barrier, new and faster methods of international cooperation have been adopted with authorities being granted a greater degree of autonomy to perform acts of mutual legal assistance. The same phenomenon is occurring in Brazil, although in a much slower pace. This doctoral dissertation seeks to establish that the Constitution, Brazilian procedural and criminal laws, and the international treaties to which Brazil is party assign to the Ministério Público - MP, as the autonomous government office in charge of criminal prosecution, the task to assist international authorities in prosecuting transnational crime. Specially at the Federal level, the Ministério Público is the main actor in the investigation and judicial prosecution of criminals, however recent decisions reached by the Supremo Tribunal Federal and the Superior Tribunal de Justiça, Brazil s highest courts, have voided acts of direct cooperation by judicial authorities, raising a lot of questions about the possibility of mutual legal assistance acts by Brazilian authorities. That notwithstanding, there are several arguments which were not presented to those courts that clearly show that the MP has a crucial role to play in international cooperation in criminal matters.

L’influence de paramètres de synthèse et de traitements post-synthèse sur le caractère hydrophobe/hydrophile de silices mésoporeuses organisées (SMO) de type SBA-15 a été étudiée. Ainsi nous avons montré que la durée du mûrissement peut être réduite à la durée nécessaire à la précipitation. La température, l’agitation et la durée de synthèse modulent la morphologie des particules et des agrégats. Le mode de chauffage, la présence d’un sel inorganique et le rapport silice/tensioactif ont un effet sur la structure et la texture du matériau. Concernant les traitements post-synthèse, nous avons considéré l’élimination de l’agent structurant et la fonctionnalisation par greffage. Le taux de silanols diminue suite au vieillissement mais surtout après calcination : cette étape efface les différences en termes de teneur en silanols. C’est la raison pour laquelle une nouvelle méthode d’élimination du tensioactif efficace (dès 300 °C) et rapide (dès 15 min) a été mise en œuvre : la calcination à l’aide d’un four à induction conduit à un matériau avec des propriétés structurales, texturales et une teneur en silanols supérieures à celles d’une SMO de type SBA-15 calcinée par la méthode conventionnelle. La calcination par induction a également été appliquée avec succès sur différents types de SMO telles que la SBA-16 et la MCM-41. Ensuite, l’influence des caractéristiques initiales de la SMO sur la fonctionnalisation par un greffage post-synthèse a été étudiée. Une SMO de type SBA-15 plus hydrophobe a été obtenue avec un greffon possédant une seule fonction condensable. La teneur initiale et probablement l’accessibilité des silanols ont un impact significatif sur le taux de greffage. / The influence of synthesis parameters and post-synthesis treatments on the hydrophobic/hydrophilic character of SBA-15 type ordered mesoporous silicas (OMS) was studied. It was found that the duration of ripening can be reduced to the precipitation time. Temperature, stirring and duration of synthesis steps can modulate the morphology of particles and aggregates. Heating process, presence of an inorganic salt and silica/surfactant ratio are also parameters that affect the structure and texture of the material. Concerning post-synthesis treatments, the elimination of the template and the functionalization by grafting were considered. The rate of silanols decreases during aging but mostly after calcination: this step erases the differences in silanol content. This is why a new method for an effective (at 300 ° C) and fast (for 15 min) removal of the surfactant has been implemented: the calcination using an induction furnace leads to a material with structural, textural properties and silanol content greater than those of a SBA-15 material calcined by the conventional method. The calcination induction has also been successfully applied on different types of OMS such as SBA-16 and MCM-41. Then, the influence of the OMS characteristics on functionalization by post-synthesis grafting was studied. The more hydrophobic SBA-15 material was obtained with a grafting agent possessing a single condensable function. It was also observed that the initial content and the accessibility of silanols probably have a significant impact on the grafting rate.

No description available.

In Peru, The National Health Authority (SUSALUD) is granted the responsibility to promote, protect and defend the health rights of every citizen. However, in the Peruvian Health System (PHS) there exists an insufficient culture of health rights, a low level of knowledge of health rights by the population, and a limited degree of cooperation between users, providers and funders. In light of this limited popular participation in the health rights of the citizenry, it has been necessary for SUSALUD to pursue various activities in order to promote the exercise of health rights by Peruvians. Among the strategies implemented are the development of Organized Boards of Users (OBU) and a Program of Integrated Actions for the Promotion of Health Rights (PIAPHI). The aim of both interventions is to increase the level of trust between citizens and government, which fosters and strengthens the capacity of citizens to pursue their health rights. In this article we begin with a brief presentation on the state of knowledge, attitudes and practices of users of the health system regarding their rights. Then we explain both programs, their goals and procedures, and a general description of their activities. Also, some indicators of process and some results are presented along with discussion and future prospects. We believe that the gradual implementation of the OBU and PIAPHI programs will enhance the participation of Peruvians in their health system, and will contribute positively to their empowerment and the pursuit of their health rights. / In Peru, The National Health Authority (SUSALUD) is granted the responsibility to promote, protect and defend the health rights of every citizen. However, in the Peruvian Health System (PHS) there exists an insufficient culture of health rights, a low level of knowledge of health rights by the population, and a limited degree of cooperation between users, providers and funders. In light of this limited popular participation in the health rights of the citizenry, it has been necessary for SUSALUD to pursue various activities in order to promote the exercise of health rights by Peruvians. Among the strategies implemented are the development of Organized Boards of Users (OBU) and a Program of Integrated Actions for the Promotion of Health Rights (PIAPHI). The aim of both interventions is to increase the level of trust between citizens and government, which fosters and strengthens the capacity of citizens to pursue their health rights. In this article we begin with a brief presentation on the state of knowledge, attitudes and practices of users of the health system regarding their rights. Then we explain both programs, their goals and procedures, and a general description of their activities. Also, some indicators of process and some results are presented along with discussion and future prospects. We believe that the gradual implementation of the OBU and PIAPHI programs will enhance the participation of Peruvians in their health system, and will contribute positively to their empowerment and the pursuit of their health rights. / Revisión por pares

Objectifs. Les objectifs de ce mémoire sont au nombre de deux. Le premier objectif est scindé en deux : l’objectif 1A est d’évaluer l’apport et la validité/fiabilité de l’analyse descriptive des règlements de compte amorcée par Cordeau dans sa thèse de doctorat de 1991 puis d’étendre la portée de cette analyse descriptive de part et d’autre des années 1970-1986. Ceci sera fait afin de voir si les règlements de compte de la période de Cordeau diffèrent de notre ensemble; l’objectif 1B est d’évaluer différents taux afin de voir lesquels nous permettent de mieux comprendre les grandes tendances des règlements de compte et leurs vagues. Enfin, le deuxième objectif est d’utiliser l’analyse de réseau afin de confirmer certains points ressortant de l’analyse descriptive des règlements de comptes et d’analyser la structure sociale du règlement de compte au Québec entre 1953 et 2013. Méthodologie. En faisant appel à Allô Police et plusieurs autres sources médiatiques, nous avons constitué une base de données des règlements de comptes québécois entre de 1953 à 2013. Nos analyses font appel à une approche holistique qui intègre à la fois l’analyse statistique descriptive, les tableaux croisés, l’analyse temporelle et l’analyse de réseau afin de bien cerner la question des règlements de compte. Résultats. Nos principaux résultats sont au nombre de quatre: 1) les grandes tendances qu’avait trouvées Cordeau entre 1970-1986 s’appliquent pour l’ensemble des règlements de compte de 1953 à 2013. Ainsi, peu de variations importantes ont été observées entre nos règlements de compte et ceux de Cordeau ; 2) les taux alternatifs se basant sur la population carcérale ou criminelle ne permettent pas de mieux comprendre les règlements de compte par rapport à un taux basé sur la population générale. Par contre, les proportions proposées par Morselli et al (2008) amènent une meilleure conception des périodes d’effervescences du milieu; 3) les groupes criminels qui sont plus exposés à la violence sont aussi ceux qui ont le plus recours à la violence et; 4) les indépendants occupent une place importante parmi les victimes de règlements de compte et ont donc une place importante dans le milieu criminel. Conclusion. Nos résultats font état du besoin d’intégrer différentes approches théoriques et méthodologiques afin de bien cerner la question complexe qu’est le règlement de compte. Avec les avenues de recherches identifiées à la fin de ce mémoire, nous espérons que la relève sera en mesure de mettre à profit les apprentissages de ce mémoire. / Objectives. This thesis has two objectives. The first objective is divided in two: objective 1A is to evaluate and extend the descriptive analysis of account settlement trends started by Cordeau in his doctoral thesis of 1991. This will be done so as to compare his dataset to ours and see if any significant differences emerge; Objective 1B is to look into the construction and use of alternative account settlement rates to see which one allow us to be better capture the dynamics (ebbs and flows, general tendencies) of this particular subset of homicides. Our final objective is to use social network analysis to confirm and highlight certain findings that will come about through the descriptive analysis. The use of social network analysis will also allow us to analyze the social structure of account settlements in Quebec between 1953 and 2013. Methodology. Using datasets compiled from Allô Police and other media sources, our approach is a holistic one that seeks to incorporate descriptive statistical analysis, cross-tabulation, trend analysis and social network analysis so as to properly frame and study account settlement patterns and trends. Results. There are four main results in our study: 1) most of the trends found by Cordeau in his account settlement dataset (1970-1986) are also present within our dataset (1953-2013). There are, thus, few important variations between the two datasets; 2) compared to a general population rate, alternative rates based on the prison population or the larger criminal populations do not add to our understanding of the phenomena. However, the use of rates proposed by Morselli et al (2008) do allow for a clearer picture of unusual periods of activity within the criminal milieu; 3) criminal groups that are more exposed to violence tend to be the groups that resort to violence the most; 4) independent operators form a majority of our account settlement victim dataset and this would seem to indicate the importance of their role in organized crime. Conclusion. Our results illustrate the need for better integration of different methodologies and theories to properly analyze and understand account settlement trends. With the multiple avenues of research identified at the end of this thesis, we hope that future research can make use of theoretical and methodological integration to build a more complete picture of account settlement trends.

Le but de cette thèse a concerné le développement de deux types de structures oligomériques contraintes, basées soit sur des dérivés non naturels d’acides aminés cycliques, soit sur des dimères cycliques de Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNA), en vue d’analyser leur tendance à adopter des conformations pré-organisées, imitant les conformations actives des protéines ou des acides nucléiques. La première partie de cette thèse a trait à l’élaboration de synthons clefs dérivant d’acides α-aminés cycliques non naturels (acides 4-oxopipécoliques 6-substitués), à leur utilisation potentielle dans la synthèse de peptidomimétiques contraints, homogènes et hétérogènes, ainsi qu’à leurs limites dans cette utilisation. Dans le cadre de ce travail, une nouvelle voie de synthèse permettant d’accéder à des résidus N-protégés d'acides 4-oxo-pipécoliques 6substitués a été mise au point. La deuxième partie de cette thèse concerne l’élaboration de dimères d’α-PNA (di-α-PNA) cycliques, dans lesquels les chaînes latérales de deux monomères d’α-PNA consécutifs sont «agrafées» via un pont lactame. Une stratégie de synthèse a tout d'abord été développée en phase liquide, puis appliquée à la synthèse en phase solide de di-α-PNA «agrafés» modèles, incorporant des bases nucléiques thymine. / The purpose of this thesis concerned the development of two kinds of constrained oligomeric structures, based either on unnatural cyclic α-amino acids derivatives or on cyclic Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) dimers, in view of analyzing their propensity to adopt pre-organized conformations mimicking the active conformations of proteins or nucleic acids. The first part of this thesis reports on the elaboration of new cyclic αamino-acids (6-substituted 4-oxopipecolic acids) building blocks, their potential use in the synthesis of constrained homogenous and heterogeneous peptidomimetics as well as their limitations in this use. As part of this work, a new methodology has been developed for the synthesis of N-protected 6-substituted 4-oxo-pipecolic acids residues. The second part of this thesis reports on the elaboration of constrained α-PNA dimers (di-α-PNA), in which the side-chains of two consecutive α-PNA monomers are “stapled” via a lactam bridge. A synthetic orthogonal strategy has been first developed in liquid-phase then applied to the solid-phase synthesis of models “stapled” di-α PNA incorporating thymine nucleobases.

Life presents fascinating examples of self-organization and emergent phenomena. In multi-cellular organisms, a multitude of cells interact to form and maintain highly complex body plans. This requires reliable communication between cells on various length scales. First, there has to be the right number of cells to preserve the integrity of the body and its size. Second, there have to be the right types of cells at the right positions to result in a functional body layout. In this thesis, we investigate theoretical feedback mechanisms for both self-organized body plan patterning and size control. The thesis is inspired by the astonishing scaling and regeneration abilities of flatworms. These worms can perfectly regrow their entire body plan even from tiny amputation fragments like the tip of the tail. Moreover, they can grow and actively de-grow by more than a factor of 40 in length depending on feeding conditions, scaling up and down all body parts while maintaining their functionality. These capabilities prompt for remarkable physical mechanisms of pattern formation. First, we explore pattern scaling in mechanisms previously proposed to describe biological pattern formation. We systematically extract requirements for scaling and highlight the limitations of these previous models in their ability to account for growth and regeneration in flatworms. In particular, we discuss a prominent model for the spontaneous formation of biological patterns introduced by Alan Turing. We characterize the hierarchy of steady states of such a Turing mechanism and demonstrate that Turing patterns do not naturally scale. Second, we present a novel class of patterning mechanisms yielding entirely self-organized and self-scaling patterns. Our framework combines a Turing system with our derived principles of pattern scaling and thus captures essential features of body plan regeneration and scaling in flatworms. We deduce general signatures of pattern scaling using dynamical systems theory. These signatures are discussed in the context of experimental data. Next, we analyze shape and motility of flatworms. By monitoring worm motility, we can identify movement phenotypes upon gene knockout, reporting on patterning defects in the locomotory system. Furthermore, we adapt shape mode analysis to study 2D body deformations of wildtype worms, which enables us to characterize two main motility modes: a smooth gliding mode due to the beating of their cilia and an inchworming behavior based on muscle contractions. Additionally, we apply this technique to investigate shape variations between different flatworm species. With this approach, we aim at relating form and function in flatworms. Finally, we investigate the metabolic control of cell turnover and growth. We establish a protocol for accurate measurements of growth dynamics in flatworms. We discern three mechanisms of metabolic energy storage; theoretical descriptions thereof can explain the observed organism growth by rules on the cellular scale. From this, we derive specific predictions to be tested in future experiments. In a close collaboration with experimental biologists, we combine minimal theoretical descriptions with state-of-the-art experiments and data analysis. This allows us to identify generic principles of scalable body plan patterning and growth control in flatworms. / Die belebte Natur bietet uns zahlreiche faszinierende Beispiele für die Phänomene von Selbstorganisation und Emergenz. In Vielzellern interagieren Millionen von Zellen miteinander und sind dadurch in der Lage komplexe Körperformen auszubilden und zu unterhalten. Dies verlangt nach einer zuverlässigen Kommunikation zwischen den Zellen auf verschiedenen Längenskalen. Einerseits ist stets eine bestimmte Zellanzahl erforderlich, sodass der Körper intakt bleibt und seine Größe erhält. Anderseits muss für einen funktionstüchtigen Körper aber auch der richtige Zelltyp an der richtigen Stelle zu finden sein. In der vorliegenden Dissertation untersuchen wir beide Aspekte, die Kontrolle von Wachstum sowie die selbstorganisierte Ausbildung des Körperbaus. Die Dissertation ist inspiriert von den erstaunlichen Skalierungs- und Regenerationsfähigkeiten von Plattwürmern. Diese Würmer können ihren Körper selbst aus winzigen abgetrennten Fragmenten -wie etwa der Schwanzspitze- komplett regenerieren. Darüberhinaus können sie auch, je nach Fütterungsbedingung, um mehr als das 40fache in der Länge wachsen oder schrumpfen und passen dabei alle Körperteile entsprechend an, wobei deren Funktionalität erhalten bleibt. Diese Fähigkeiten verlangen nach bemerkenswerten physikalischen Musterbildungsmechanismen. Zunächst untersuchen wir das Skalierungsverhalten von früheren Ansätzen zur Beschreibung biologischer Musterbildung. Wir leiten daraus Voraussetzung für das Skalieren ab und zeigen auf, dass die bekannten Modelle nur begrenzt auf Wachstum und Regeneration von Plattwürmern angewendet werden können. Insbesondere diskutieren wir ein wichtiges Modell für die spontane Entstehung von biologischen Strukturen, das von Alan Turing vorgeschlagen wurde. Wir charakterisieren die Hierarchie von stationären Zuständen solcher Turing Mechanismen und veranschaulichen, dass diese Turingmuster nicht ohne weiteres skalieren. Daraufhin präsentieren wir eine neuartige Klasse von Musterbildungsmechanismen, die vollständig selbstorgansierte und selbstskalierende Muster erzeugen. Unser Ansatz vereint ein Turing System mit den zuvor hergeleiteten Prinzipien für das Skalieren von Mustern und beschreibt dadurch wesentliche Aspekte der Regeneration und Skalierung von Plattwürmern. Mit Hilfe der Theorie dynamischer Systeme leiten wir allgemeine Merkmale von skalierenden Mustern ab, die wir im Hinblick auf experimentelle Daten diskutieren. Als nächstes analysieren wir Form und Fortbewegung der Würmer. Die Auswertung des Bewegungsverhaltens, nachdem einzelne Gene ausgeschaltet wurden, ermöglicht Rückschlüsse auf die Bedeutung dieser Gene für den Bewegungsapparat. Darüber hinaus wenden wir eine Hauptkomponentenanalyse auf die Verformungen des zweidimensionalen Wurmkörpers während der natürlichen Fortbewegung an. Damit sind wir in der Lage, zwei wichtige Fortbewegungsstrategien der Würmer zu charakterisieren: eine durch den Zilienschlag angetriebene gleichmässige Gleitbewegung und eine raupenartige Bewegung, die auf Muskelkontraktionen beruht. Zusätzlich wenden wir diese Analysetechnik auch an, um Unterschiede in der Gestalt von verschiedenen Plattwurmarten zu untersuchen. Grundsätzlich zielen alle diese Ansätze darauf ab, das Aussehen der Plattwürmer mit den damit verbundenen Funktionen verschiedener Körperteile in Beziehung zu setzen. Schlussendlich erforschen wir den Einfluss des Stoffwechsels auf den Zellaustausch und das Wachstum. Dazu etablieren wir Messungen der Wachstumsdynamik in Plattwürmern. Wir unterscheiden drei Mechanismen für das Speichern von Stoffwechselenergie, deren theoretische Beschreibung es uns ermöglicht, das beobachtete makroskopische Wachstum des Organismus mit dem Verhalten der einzelnen Zellen zu erklären. Basierend darauf leiten wir Vorhersagen ab, die nun experimentell getestet werden. In enger Zusammenarbeit mit Kollegen aus der experimentellen Biologie führen wir minimale theoretische Beschreibungen mit modernsten Experimenten und Analysetechniken zusammen. Dadurch sind wir in der Lage, Grundlagen sowohl der skalierbaren Ausbildung des Körperbaus als auch der Wachstumskontrolle bei Plattwürmern herauszuarbeiten.

The target of this research is to reveal causal factors that influence the way policy goals and instruments of international organizations in the domain of human trafficking are designed. By tracking evolutions of anti-trafficking policies undergone by the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the thesis demonstrates impact of specific factors on changes in the functioning of international organizations. To unravel mechanism explaining the internal workings of a policy formation within an IO, the thesis considers and tests theoretical assumptions of three rivalling theories on institutions; the realism, historical institutionalism and neoliberal institutionalism. Premises of respective theories, which offer contrasting perspectives on the functioning of international organizations, will help to formulate corresponding independent variables. The dependant variable being the changing design of institutions, the detailed cross-case analysis spanning a period of one decade uncovers causal relations between independent dependent variables. Thus, by means of time series data collection, patterns revealing which of independent variables can be designed as responsible for observed changes becomes visible. In this way, the study is able to answer to what extent...

The submitted thesis focuses on the cooperation of the state and non-governmental non-profit organizations in fighting labour exploitation in the Czech Republic. It is one of the most frequent forms of the human trafficking in the CR. The thesis is based on several theories and concepts, such as the actor - network theory, the institutional theory, the Four "C" theory, the NNO theory or the dignified work concept. The thesis analyses the concept of the policy on labour exploitation in the Czech Republic with a focus on the cooperation of main actors from state and non-profit sectors in fighting labour exploitation and proposes how to improve this cooperation. The thesis defines different relevant terms as well as the term "labour exploitation". It also presents statistical data concerning this phenomenon. An analysis of policy documents on a transnational and national level is used to analyse the policy concept. The thesis also works with a quick analysis of actors and semi-structured interviews with eight experts from public and non-profit sector - specifically with employees of the Asylum and Migration Policy Department of the Ministry of the Interior, the Crime Prevention Department, the State Labour Inspection Office and with social workers of the non-profit organizations La Strada and...