The therapy of osteo-arthritis is a problem which we have inherited from our forebears. It is a considerable problem; one which affects the community very vitally. The disease produces marked disability which burdens our civic economy. Various methods of therapy have been advocated from time to time such as hydro-therapy, physiotherapy and analgesics of different kinds. This thesis will deal only with the intra-articular injection therapy of osteo-arthritis.

The research in this thesis has examined the use of texture and shape analysis to characterise Magnetic Resonance (MR) images of peripheral nerves in order to provide a potential quantitative tool for better diagnosis and treatments. Texture and shape can be considered as inherent properties of all surfaces and have the potential to provide sensitive information which cannot be quantitatively perceived by human vision. Texture analysis has been successfully used in image classification of aerial and satellite imagery and the diagnosis and prognosis of several types of cancer. However, to date, it has never been used in investigating peripheral nerve damage. In this thesis, we study the application of texture and shape analysis to the peripheral nerves in the upper extremities of patients suffering from Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD). Specifically, quantitative texture analysis was performed on MR images of the carpal tunnel which contains the median nerve. The median nerve was studied to identify differences in textural patterns. Texture methods such as: first order features; co-occurrence matrices; run-length matrices and autocorrelation function were applied and their performance was assessed. Texture analysis was also performed to investigate nerve damage in the MR images of the brachial plexus, both in controls and patients. Further, spatial domain shape metrics were used to quantify and study the morphological differences of the median nerve in controls and patients. This highlighted that some significant differences exist between groups and thus could potentially be reliably used in combination with clinical scale metrics to identify possible nerve damage. As MR images contain noise, locating the median nerve accurately to perform image analysis is very important. Therefore, we further investigated the application of an enhanced correlation filtering method that could be trained on images of the median nerve and then applied to detect the median nerve in test images. The Optimal Trade-off Maximum Average Correlation Height (OT-MACH) filter includes the expected distortions in the target in the construction of the filter reference function. The OT-MACH filter was tuned in a bandpass to maximize the correlation peak and thereby successfully locate the position of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. This study has successfully demonstrated that texture and shape analysis can be used to investigate possible peripheral nerve damage. Further research is required using larger datasets to establish a quantitative image analysis tool to support clinical decision making and thereby improve patient care and treatment outcome.

O estudo investigou a influência do fator de transformação de crescimento beta1 (TGFb1) sobre células osteogênicas induzidas com fatores mineralizantes (dexametasona Dex), comparando a viabilidade e a proliferação celular, a mineralização, e a expressão de proteínas não colágenas da matriz osteopontina (OPN), sialoproteína óssea (BSP) e fibronectina (FN). A morfologia foi examinada por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET). O TGFb1 diminuiu a viabilidade e a proliferação celular, mesmo com Dex. A mineralização da matriz foi positivo apenas no grupo tratado com Dex, e negativo nos grupos tratados TGFb1 e TGFb1+Dex. OPN e BSP não foram imunoreativas apenas para o controle negativo, já a FN foi imunoexpressa em todos os grupos. A mineralização foi confirmada, tanto no controle positivo quanto no tratado com Dex, e alterações morfológicas foram observadas nas células tratadas com TGFb1 e TGFb1+Dex, através da MET. Esse estudo mostrou que TGFb1 inibe a mineralização, alterando a viabilidade e proliferação, bem como a morfologia celular, mesmo quando tratadas com Dex. / The study investigated the influence of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFb1) on osteogenic cells induced with mineralizing factors (dexamethasone Dex), comparing the viability and proliferation cellular, the formation of mineral nodules in vitro, and the expression of the noncollagenous matrix proteins osteopontin (OPN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and fibronectin (FN). The morphology was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TGFb1 decreased the viability and proliferation cellular, even when combined with Dex. The mineralization of matrix was positive only in the group treated with Dex, and negative in the groups treated with TGFb1 and TGFb1+Dex. OPN and BSP were not immunoreactive only negative, already the FN was immunoreactive in all groups.The mineralizing was confirmed in the positive control and Dex, through TEM. Some morphological changes were seen in cells treated with TGFb1 and TGFb1+Dex. This study showed that TGFb1 inhibits the mineralization, changing the viability, proliferation and cell morphology, even when treated with Dex.

La pathogénie de lostéo-arthropathie dégénérative chez le cheval est lobjet de nombreuses recherches, notamment sur le rôle des espèces activées de lazote et de loxygène (RNOS) dont les actions délétères sur larticulation sont décrites, mais dont lorigine, les raisons et la cinétique de production restent peu connues : on implique souvent les chondrocytes et des phénomènes cycliques danoxie/ré-oxygénation (A/R). Lobjectif du travail était détudier la production des RNOS par les cellules de larticulation, chondrocytes ou synoviocytes équins, cultivés séparément ou en co-culture pour imiter les interactions existantes dans larticulation où les chondrocytes matures sont nourris par diffusion à partir du liquide synovial à basse tension en O2, fourni par les synoviocytes. Pour induire leur activité oxydante, nous avions choisi de soumettre les cellules en culture à des cycles successifs dA/R. Les cellules articulaires équines sont libérées de leur matrice par digestion enzymatique. Les chondrocytes sont mis en culture en billes dalginate (culture en trois dimensions qui maintient le phénotype cellulaire) et les synoviocytes sont cultivés en monocouche. Les chondrocytes équins sont cultivés en milieu à 4,5 g/l de glucose, sous différentes conditions en O2 : 21 % (condition de culture habituelle), 5 % (condition proche de la situation in vivo) et 1 % (condition danoxie). Le nombre des chondrocytes est resté pratiquement constant partout jusquau 10e jour de culture. Mais une identification (par coloration spécifique) montre une augmentation régulière au cours du temps du nombre des cellules apoptotiques à 21% dO2 et une diminution à partir du 11e jour à 5 % et à 1% dO2. À 1 % dO2, il y a une chute du nombre de cellules vivantes jusquau 8e jour de culture, chute qui est compensée au 11e jour. 5 % dO2 sont les conditions de culture les plus favorables au maintien du nombre de cellules et les chondrocytes résistent à lanoxie pendant plus de dix jours de culture. Pour tester le rôle du glucose dans la résistance à lanoxie, les chondrocytes sont cultivés avec des concentrations variables en glucose (0, 1 et 4,5 g/l de milieu), combinées aux tensions dO2 de 1 %, 5 % et 21 %. Lexcès de glucose (4,5 g/l) a un effet défavorable après 8 jours de culture. Les chondrocytes équins sont capables de résister plusieurs jours aux conditions les plus drastiques : 1 % dO2 et absence de glucose. Les études en microscopie (optique et électronique) confirment une souffrance cellulaire à 21 % dO2, accentuée à 4,5 g/l de glucose: accumulation de gouttelettes à contenu lipidique et mitochondries dématiées. Elles montrent également la présence de lipides intracellulaires dans les chondrocytes sains, une source dénergie possible permettant leur survie en anoxie. Les synoviocytes équins en culture ont été caractérisés en microscopie (aspect, détection immmunologique de la protéine-produit du gène PGP 9,5) et par leur capacité de phagocytose. Ils se multiplient de façon exponentielle à 10 % dO2 (condition proche des conditions physiologiques) et peuvent être maintenus en culture de longue durée. À 21 % dO2, ils se multiplient plus lentement. Létude du métabolisme oxydant des chondrocytes et des synoviocytes équins, en conditions de culture normales et après A/R, est effectuée en mesurant leur consommation dO2 par oxymétrie (réponse mitochondriale), leur production globale de RNOS (estimée par la mesure de léthylène, produit par lattaque dun substrat par les RNOS) et leur production despèces radicalaires [mesurée en résonance paramagnétique électronique (RPE) avec spin trapping]. Les chondrocytes équins consomment peu dO2 (± 20 picomoles dO2/min/10 6 cellules) indépendamment des conditions de culture avant oxymétrie et malgré un complexe terminal de la chaîne mitochondriale fonctionnel. Ils sont peu influencés par les cycles dA/R et ne produisent ni de RNOS ni despèces radicalaires. Les synoviocytes équins consomment plus dO2 (± 1 nanomole dO2/min/106 cellules) et trois cycles dA/R induisent une chute de cette consommation et des signes de souffrance mitochondriale. Les synoviocytes sont capables de produire des RNOS et augmentent cette production sous leffet dune stimulation par agent pharmacologique (PMA) ou endogène (TNF-α). Cette production de RNOS est liée à lactivité denzymes à flavine comme la NOX. La RPE montre une production despèces radicalaires après A/R, identifiées aux dérivés de lanion superoxyde et dune peroxydation lipidique dont lorigine est la mitochondrie, sans pouvoir exclure une participation des enzymes oxydantes cytosoliques (NOX ou xanthine oxydase). Les synoviocytes peuvent donc répondre par une activité oxydante à lA/R. Pour la co-culture, les meilleures conditions sont un rapport synoviocytes/chondrocytes 1/3, un milieu de culture mixte, 10 % dO2, la condition dadhérence pour les synoviocytes et la culture en billes dalginate (placées en « inserts ») pour les chondrocytes. Après 48 h de co-culture dans ces conditions, 80 % des synoviocytes et 60 % des chondrocytes survivent. Les interactions entre les deux types cellulaires se traduisent par des variations importantes dans la production de certains médiateurs inflammatoires comme la PGE2. Il ressort de ce travail que les synoviocytes répondent à lA/R par une production de RNOS et en libérant des médiateurs inflammatoires et quils pourraient jouer un rôle majeur dans lOAD. Des études complémentaires sont nécessaires, surtout avec le modèle de co-culture.

O estudo investigou a influência do fator de transformação de crescimento beta1 (TGFb1) sobre células osteogênicas induzidas com fatores mineralizantes (dexametasona Dex), comparando a viabilidade e a proliferação celular, a mineralização, e a expressão de proteínas não colágenas da matriz osteopontina (OPN), sialoproteína óssea (BSP) e fibronectina (FN). A morfologia foi examinada por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET). O TGFb1 diminuiu a viabilidade e a proliferação celular, mesmo com Dex. A mineralização da matriz foi positivo apenas no grupo tratado com Dex, e negativo nos grupos tratados TGFb1 e TGFb1+Dex. OPN e BSP não foram imunoreativas apenas para o controle negativo, já a FN foi imunoexpressa em todos os grupos. A mineralização foi confirmada, tanto no controle positivo quanto no tratado com Dex, e alterações morfológicas foram observadas nas células tratadas com TGFb1 e TGFb1+Dex, através da MET. Esse estudo mostrou que TGFb1 inibe a mineralização, alterando a viabilidade e proliferação, bem como a morfologia celular, mesmo quando tratadas com Dex. / The study investigated the influence of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFb1) on osteogenic cells induced with mineralizing factors (dexamethasone Dex), comparing the viability and proliferation cellular, the formation of mineral nodules in vitro, and the expression of the noncollagenous matrix proteins osteopontin (OPN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and fibronectin (FN). The morphology was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TGFb1 decreased the viability and proliferation cellular, even when combined with Dex. The mineralization of matrix was positive only in the group treated with Dex, and negative in the groups treated with TGFb1 and TGFb1+Dex. OPN and BSP were not immunoreactive only negative, already the FN was immunoreactive in all groups.The mineralizing was confirmed in the positive control and Dex, through TEM. Some morphological changes were seen in cells treated with TGFb1 and TGFb1+Dex. This study showed that TGFb1 inhibits the mineralization, changing the viability, proliferation and cell morphology, even when treated with Dex.

La polyarthrite rhumatoïde est un rhumatisme inflammatoire chronique qui s’accompagne d’une inflammation synoviale et d’une perte osseuse sous-chondrale. Ces travaux de thèse ont porté sur la perte osseuse précoce dans l’arthrite et les mécanismes osseux et inflammatoires associés. La perte osseuse systémique a été étudiée et mise en relation avec la perte osseuse locale. La preuve de concept d’une perte osseuse précoce a été obtenue dans plusieurs études. Cette perte prédisait la sévérité de l’arthrite et débutait avant l’observation clinique de l’inflammation articulaire. Elle se traduisait par des modifications de la microarchitecture de l’os cortical et trabéculaire. Les mécanismes associés impliquaient l’activation de la résorption osseuse mais également l’inhibition de la formation osseuse. Une perte osseuse systémique a aussi été détectée, corrélant avec la perte locale. Dans le modèle de souris avec expression chronique du tumor necrosis factor (TNF), la perte osseuse axiale résultait d’une augmentation de la résorption osseuse sans affecter l’activité des ostéoclastes, suggérant que l’inhibition du TNF expliquerait la ré-ossification dans les formes axiales de SpA. L’infection orale avec Porphyromonas gingivalis induisait en huit mois une arthrite à bas bruit chez le rat, en augmentant les anticorps anti-peptides citrullinés et la résorption osseuse. Sur le versant translationnel, deux candidats thérapeutiques de l’arthrite ont démontré un effet régulateur de la dégénérescence articulaire associé à un effet protecteur sur l’os sous-chondral. Les résultats obtenus renforcent le concept de perte osseuse précoce dans l’arthrite, avec l’implication rapide des voies de régulations du tissu osseux. Des stratégies de bloquage de la résorption et de l’inhibition de la formation osseuse pourraient ainsi être développées dans les rhumatismes inflammatoires chroniques et leur usage envisagé dès les premiers stades de maladie. / Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory joint disease which is accompanied by synovial inflammation and subchondral bone loss. This thesis focused on early bone loss in arthritis and bone-associated inflammatory mechanisms. The preclinical stages of arthritis have been investigated through animal models. Systemic bone loss was studied and correlated to local bone loss. Proof of concept for early bone loss was obtained in several studies. This loss predicted arthritis severity and started before clinical observation of joint inflammation. Early bone loss was associated with cortical and trabecular bone microarchitecture changes. Associated mechanisms involved at the same time the activation of bone resorption and the inhibition of bone formation. A systemic bone loss was also detected, correlating with the local loss. In the mouse model with chronic expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), axial bone loss resulted from an increase in bone resorption without affecting osteoclast activity, suggesting that inhibition of TNF explain the re-ossification in axial forms of SpA. Oral infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis induced systemic arthritis in rats over eight months, increasing citrullinated anti-peptide antibodies levels and bone resorption. In a translational approach, two therapeutic candidates for arthritis treatment have shown regulatory effects on joint destruction associated with a protective effect on the subchondral bone. These results reinforced the concept of early bone loss in arthritis, with the involvement of osteoimmune signalling. Blockade strategies of bone resorption and bone formation inhibition might be developed in the chronic inflammatory joint diseases, and their use might be considered in the early stages of disease.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / In arthopedic surgery thera are.frequentlysituations in that the surgeon faces severa bone losses caused by high-energy trauma, tumors of infections. Repairing these losses require knowledge about fillingmateriais. Those materiais can be biological, synthetic or metallic, with emphasis in bony grafts and biomaterial implants. The increase of the use of birds as pets is leading to an increasing number of clinicaland surgical cases related to this taxon, where fractures are the most commonly observed surgical problems. The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical, radiological,macroscopic and microscopic effects of the polyurethane derived from castor oU(Ricinus communis) polymer,when implanted in the humerus of domestic quails (Cotumixjaponica).There were used twenty male and female quails, randomly distributedin four groups of tive individuais.The birds received the implantsin the left hurnerus, being submitted to daily physical examination during the postoperative period, immediate and biweekll radíological examination, and maaoscopic and microscopicevaluation at the 15 ,30th, 60thand 90thdays. Clinically,there were not observed local, regional or systemic changas. Radiologically, it was observed increase in local density with no signs of changes in bone or adjacent tissue, as well as in the air sacs. Macroscopicanalysis revealed that the polyurethane derived trom castor oi!polymerwas not absorbed in none of the four groups, remaining implanted within the pneumatic bone. Its resistance, however, have changed. Microscopic examination evidenced minimum inflammatoryreadion, slight fibrosis around the implants, and osteo-integration with presence of trabeculi and bone marrow inside the implants. Concluding, implants of polyurethane derived trom castor oil polymer are biocompatiblein quails, with occurrence of osteo-integration, and can be used in orthopedic surgery in this species. / Na cirurgia ortopédica são freqüentes as situações em que o cirurgião se depara com grandes perdas ósseas, provocadas especialmente por traumatismos de alta energia. A reparação de tais perdas requer grande conhecimento a respeito de materiais que possam ser utilizados para seu preenchimento. Esses materiais podem ser biológicos.sintéticos ou metálicos, destacando-se os enxertos ósseos e os implantes de biomateriais.O incremento no emprego de aves como animais de estimação tem levado ao aumento na casu(stica clínica e cirúrgica relacionada a esse grupo taxonOmico.Dentre os problemas cirúrgicos observados em aves, as fraturas têm maior destaque. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos: d(nico, radiológico,macroscópico e histológicodo poHmerode mamona (Ricinus communis) implantado no úmero de codornas domésticas (Cotumixjaponica). Para isso, foram empregadas 20 codornas, machos e fêmeas, separadas aleatoriamente em quatro grupos de cinco indivlduos. As aves receberam o implante no úmero esquerdo, passando por exame flsico diário durante o perlodo pós-operatório, avaliação radiológicaimediata e quinzenal, e avaliação macroscópica e histológicaaos 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias. Clinicamente, não foram observadas alterações locais, regionais ou sistêmicas. Ao exame radiológico,notou-se aumento da densidade local, sem sinais de alteração óssea ou dos tecidos adjacentes, bem como das sacos aéreos. A análise macrosc6pica revelou que a poliuretana derivada do poUmerode mamona não foi absorvida em nenhum dos quatro grupos, permanecendo implantada no interior do osso pneumático, notando-se, porém, alteração em sua resistência. O exame histopatológico evidenciou mlnima reação inflamatória,discreta fibrose ao redor do implante e osseointegração, pela presença de trabéculas e medula óssea no interior do implante. Conduiu-se que a poliuretana derivada do poUmero de mamona é biocompatlvel em codornas, com ocorrência de osseointegração, podendo, portanto ser utilizadaem cirurgiaortopédica.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CiroAMG_DISSERT.pdf: 558997 bytes, checksum: 88cebb7de07042495962e2b8c45d2da0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-10 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Physical Education professionals are usually exposed to excessive physical workloads that evolve into painful symptomatology and muscle and bone disorders that originate from the work-related exercises. Purposo: The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with pain painful symptomatology in teachers in gymnastics academies. An analytical transversal cut study was performed involving 163 gymnastics teachers working in the main gyms in the city of Salvador-BA. For evaluation of pain, validated versions in Portuguese of the McGill Protocol and the Wisconsin Pain Inventory were used. For obtain results of descriptive statistical analysis of the collected data was performed, followed by TStudent, and Pearson and Spearman correlation tests to verify possible correlations between the presence of pain and other variables which were considered independent. Finally, for the identification of potential risk factors associated with pain, a binary logistic regression analysis was performed. For all statistical analysis, we cnsidered p< 0.05. Results: The painful symptoms was reported by 88.3% of the subjects surveyed. High pain levels were observed in 63.8% of the interviewed professionals, where the intensity varied from moderate to severe. Pain in the lumbar region was present in 55.2% of subjects. Positive correlations were found between the level of pain intensity and the variables related with the workload activity and daily life of the teachers in almost all body joints analyzed. Some factors had been verified associates to the painful sintomatologia as the age of the professionals, the daily hours load of labor work, and the lack of interval of rest between the lessons. Conclusions: We found a high prevalence in gym teachers working in the city of Salvador-BA, which interfered in various daily activities of their home and professional lives. The most affected region was the lumbar region, followed by the knees, neck, shoulders, ankles, hands, hips, feet, elbows and forearms. The factors associated with development of painful symptomatology were the age of the professionals, daily hours of work and the lack of rest intervals between lessons. The high prevalence of pain in Physical Education teachers can be regarded as a serious occupational health problem, which would demand the urgent deployment of preventive intervention programs to minimize the impact of pain among these professionals / Os profissionais de Educa??o F?sica geralmente s?o expostos a excessivas cargas de trabalhos f?sicos que evoluem para o acometimento de sintomatologia dolorosa e dist?rbios musculoesquel?ticos oriundos do exerc?cio laboral. Objetivo: Investigar a preval?ncia da sintomatologia dolorosa e fatores associados em professores de academia de gin?stica. M?todos: Foi realizado um estudo anal?tico de corte transversal em 163 professores de gin?stica atuantes nas principais academias da cidade de Salvador-Ba. Para avalia??o da sintomatologia dolorosa foram usadas vers?es validadas para o portugu?s do protocolo McGill e do Invent?rio para dor de Wisconsin. Para obten??o dos resultados atrav?s da an?lise estat?stica dos dados coletados foi realizado uma an?lise descritiva, seguida dos testes TStudent e correla??o de Pearson e Spearman para analisar as poss?veis correla??es existentes entre a presen?a de dor e as demais vari?veis consideradas independentes. Para a identifica??o dos potenciais fatores de risco associados ? sintomatologia dolorosa uma an?lise de regress?o log?stica bin?ria. O valor de p < 0,05 foi considerado para toda an?lise estat?stica. Resultados: A sintomatologia dolorosa foi relatada por 88,3 % dos sujeitos pesquisados. Observaram-se n?veis elevados de dor em 63,8% dos entrevistados, onde a intensidade variou de moderada ? severa. A dor na regi?o lombar esteve presente em 55,2% dos sujeitos. Foram verificadas correla??es positivas entre o grau de intensidade da dor e as vari?veis relacionadas com a carga da atividade laboral e da vida cotidiana dos professores em quase todas as articula??es do corpo analisadas. Verificaram-se v?rios fatores associados ? sintomatologia dolorosa como a idade dos profissionais, a carga hor?ria di?ria de trabalho laboral, e a falta de intervalo de repouso entre as aulas. Conclus?es: Constatou-se uma elevada preval?ncia de dor nos professores de academias de gin?sticas atuantes na cidade de Salvador-Ba interferindo em v?rias atividades da vida cotidiana e laboral. A regi?o mais acometida foi a lombar, seguida dos joelhos, pesco?o, ombros, tornozelos, m?os, quadris, p?s, cotovelos e antebra?os. Os fatores associados ? sintomatologia dolorosa foram, a idade dos profissionais, a carga hor?ria di?ria de trabalho laboral, e a falta de intervalo de repouso entre as aulas. A elevada preval?ncia de dor nos professores de educa??o f?sica pode ser considerada como um grave problema de sa?de ocupacional, o que demandaria a necessidade urgente de implanta??o de programas de interven??o preventiva voltados para minimizar o impacto da sintomatologia dolorosa entre estes profissionais

Staphylococcus lugdunensis est un staphylocoque à coagulase négative qui présente de nombreuses particularités sur le plan clinique et microbiologique. Cette bactérie commensale de la peau est impliquée dans des infections humaines d’une particulière gravité. Ce travail de thèse nous a permis de déterminer que S. lugdunensis présente bien une pathogénicité tout à fait inhabituelle pour un SCN car 37.2% de toutes les souches recueillies entre 2013 et 2016 étaient impliquées dans un processus infectieux. Nous avons aussi observé que les infections ostéo-articulaires en étaient la première manifestation. Nous avons découvert une nouvelle protéase excrétée par 61.7% des souches qui présente une association statistique forte avec les infections ostéo-articulaires. Il s’agit d’une métalloprotéase de 37 kDa que nous avons pu purifier puis séquencer afin de caractériser ses propriétés biochimiques et son environnement génique. Enfin, nous avons aussi réalisé un séquençage de novo de 7 souches de S. lugdunensis et démontrer l’existence de multiples éléments génétiques mobiles. / Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a coagulase negative staphylococcus species that may causes various infections of unusual severity. We conducted a translational study with a prospective clinical trial that aimed to describe S. lugdunensis infections and its real pathogenicity, associated with a systematic research of in vitro putative virulence factors. The final objective was to determine the statistical relationship between those two and find a putative real virulence factor. This trial was conducted between 2013 and 2016. It showed that S. lugdunensis displayed a high level of pathogenicity as 37.2% of all strains isolated came from infected patients and most of those infections were osteoarticular infections. We discovered a new protease that we named lugdulysin and that was strongly associated with osteoarticular infections. This secreted protein of 37 kDa was purified and sequenced, we characterized its chemical properties and the nucleotide environment of the coding sequence. We also achieved de novo sequencing of 7 strains of S. lugdunensis and found that several mobile genetic elements belonged to the sequences as plasmids and prophages.

Formål: Formålet med studiet er at undersøge hvordan løb med en dagligdagsprotese og en løbespecifikprotese påvirker kinetik i nedre ekstremiteter hos mennesker med en transtibial-amputation.   Metode: Kinetisk data blev indsamlet ved løbetests, med begge proteser, med et motion capture system og kraftplader i et klinisk ganganalyse lab i Göteborg, Sverige. Deltagere(n=2) udførte løbetests i selvvalgt hastighed, iført refleksive markører. Vertikal GRF, fod progressions vinkel, adducerende/abducerende hofte- og knæmoment udvalgt til videre databehandling.   Resultat: Forskelle i hofte- og knæ adduktions moment og fod progressions vinkel blev observeret mellem de to protesetyper. Momenterne var mindre, når deltagerne løb med den løbespecifikke protese. Forskelle på den amputerede side og den kontralaterale side noteredes ved alle parametre uanset protesetype. Den kontralaterale side havde forøgede værdier sammenlignet med den amputerede side.   Konklusion: Grundet forsøgets størrelse kan vi ikke konkludere, at individer med unilateral amputation i nedre ekstremitet absorberer belastning bedre, når de løber med en løbespecifikprotese fremfor en dagligdagsprotese. / Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate how running with a daily-use prosthesis and a running specific prosthesis affects kinetics in the lower extremities when it comes to people with a transtibial amputation.   Method: Kinetic data was collected through running tests, using both type of prosthesis, with a motion capture system and force plates in a clinical gait lab in Gothenburg, Sweden. Participants (n=2) executed the running tests in a self-selected speed, while wearing reflective markers. Vertical ground reaction force, foot progression angle, hip- and knee moment were selected for data processing.   Results: Differences in hip- and knee adduction moment and foot progression angle were observed between the two types of prostheses. Moments were smaller when participants ran with running-specific prosthesis. Dissimilarity for the amputated side and the contralateral side were noted for all parameters regardless of type of prosthesis. The contralateral side had increased values compared to the amputated side.     Conclusion: Because of the sample size we cannot conclude that individuals with a unilateral lower body amputation absorb load more efficiently when running with a running-specific prosthesis rather than a daily-use prosthesis.