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This work deals with the problems of company‘s client managament system developing. The survey of Outlook 2003 possibilities has been presented in the work. New program features have been considered and advantages of the program have been examined in comparison wiht the previous versions. A comparative analysis of Outlook 2003 and other e-mail programs (Outlook Express 6, Pegasus Mail 4.21c, Eudora 5.0.2) has been carried out. A new Microsoft automation technology has been reviewed and applied to the developed client managament system. It allows to integrate the work of several programs and ensure system effeciency and flexibility. The experiments devoted to investigation of e-mail message sending time dependancy upon the number of recipients and message size have been carried out.

In sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century England, portrayals of the Turk reflected aspects of Christian thinking. More specifically, these views varied according to ideological outlook, place and time. To complicate matters further, while there are a variety of images of the Turk responding to a range of Christian concerns, the nexus of images of the Turk - the imago Turci – is essentially contradictory. English portrayals and responses to the Turks are not uniform, but vary, while the Turk operates at once both from within and at a distance from English culture in the sixteenth and early seventeenth century. In other words, the Turk is both real and imagined. This project is a response to these issues. It examines the ways in which Turks - both real and imagined - not only figure in early modem English prose texts as a site of their cultural production, perpetuation, and negotiation, but also the ways in which these images relate to and participate in current political and cultural debates that also informed these prose texts. As a consequence of the diversity of the imago Turci in a wide range of available, printed prose works, I adopt five categorical distinctions representing five groups of overlapping genres, or modes for my analysis: history, religion, travel, mercantile writings and romance. Reading the material in their historical contexts, one of the arguments to arise from this is that the use of the Turk in these English texts reflects the wider cultural and political developments in Western Christendom and England, and between Christendom and the Ottoman Empire. The central argument of this project is that the imago Turci in early modem English prose emerges as a complex discursive site in which a variety of competing interests are negotiated.

The main proposition of this thesis is that the news media serve as public connectors in sustaining and stabilizing national citizens’ transnational public connection to the global public sphere. The term transnational public connection refers to civic orientation to affairs beyond national borders. This approach builds on Couldry et al.’s (2006, 2007)’s notion of nationally based “public connection”. This thesis contends that in order to fulfill such a role, the news media need to provide international news with a transnational outlook, which interprets and describes international events and affairs in relation to different countries, the region and ultimately the globe. / Considering different factors affecting international news reporting, this thesis posits that news content carried by international broadcasters would generally have a broader outlook than national news media. Hence it focused its effort on examining one type of international broadcaster: government-funded shortwave radio. This thesis argues that shortwave radio broadcasting is still relevant in today’s multimedia environment. This thesis contends that shortwave radio broadcasting functions as a crucial supplementary “external public connector” in connecting publics located in the world’s less developed regions and/or under repressive regimes to the global public sphere. Therefore it is important for them to incorporate transnational news outlook in their news reporting. / This thesis argues that shortwave radio broadcasters’ core mission of carrying out government public diplomacy does not necessarily act as an impediment to their incorporating a transnational outlook in their news reporting. It proposes that the changing notion of public diplomacy is theoretically intertwined with the concept of transnational public connection; hence it is potentially an impetus for news with transnational outlook to emerge. But for such potential to be fully realized, this thesis argues that the broadcasting stations needs to have certain levels of editorial independence and be able to balance the interests of its home country and target region in its news coverage. / Using Australia’s international shortwave broadcaster, ABC Radio Australia as a case study, this research attempts to discover whether international news with a transnational outlook could be found and to try to define the parameters of such a type of news. Operationalizing a three dimensions approach proposed by Berglez (2008) in a quantitative content analysis, this study examined news content broadcast by Radio Australia’s flagship news program Connect Asia over a period of nine weeks. It found that news with a transnational outlook does exist in Connect Asia’s news coverage and the emergence of this type of news is closely linked with news topics. This type of news is more likely to emerge in news topics such as environment and health. It also found that news with a transnational outlook comprises a very small proportion of the totality of Connect Asia’s news coverage. The frequency of such news is limited by Connect Asia’s overwhelming focus on the news topic of politics. This thesis discusses several contributory factors which resulted in Connect Asia’s overall emphasis on politics and contends that government-funded international broadcasters, as well as other international broadcasters might need to de-politicize and broaden the scope of their news coverage in order to further incorporate a transnational outlook.

In master‘s work JSC „Sinerta“ financial evaluation of activity outlook, were analysed and structured the newest Lithuanian and foreign country’s writers theoretical and practical researches of these subjects: financial analyse, evaluation of throw, bankrupt and prognostication. Analysing activity of company it is very important to choose best methods of financial analyse, comparative rates, to pay much attention to different signallers, which could represent for company failure or show other variant how to solve these problems, where to invest resources and so on. According to theoretical part, was analysed JSC “Sinerta” activity, evaluated comparative rates, determinate direct touch between working capital and net profit. Also was evaluated probability of bankrupt according to Altman. E, Springate, Blank models, prognosticate net profit for 2006 – 2008 year according to trend and exponential equation. Reference this analyse were offer recommendation how to solve problems. Were proved hypothesis, that JSC „Sinerta“ activity will be stable.

En France, la consommation d'énergie finale de bioénergies a crû de 35 % lors de la dernière décennie pour atteindre une part de 8,1 % de la demande finale en 2012. Leur développement a été incité car elles sont une source d'énergie renouvelable, elles permettent de réduire la dépendance aux importations d'énergies fossiles et de diminuer les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES). Elles sont aussi un moyen de dynamiser les secteurs agricoles et sylvicoles et de maintenir et de créer des emplois non délocalisables.Mais ce développement est soumis à des incertitudes : compétitivité économique vis-à-vis des ressources fossiles et d'autres alternatives renouvelables, disponibilité de la biomasse, choix technologiques, et mécanismes incitatifs. De plus, il est confronté à des controverses. L'accroissement de la demande en ressources biomasse a créé de la tension sur leurs prix et menacé les usages existants, comme le secteur des panneaux bois pour la construction au niveau français et le secteur de l'alimentation à l'échelle mondiale. Leur bénéfice environnemental a aussi été remis en cause, en termes d'émissions de particules fines pour la valorisation chaleur et électricité et en termes d'émissions de GES pour les biocarburants. De nouveaux procédés de valorisation, ne suscitant pas ces controverses, pourraient être privilégiés par le législateur au détriment des procédés actuels.Le but de cette thèse est de baliser un certain nombre de ces incertitudes afin de proposer des stratégies technologique et réglementaire pour les filières bioénergies françaises. Pour cela, nous avons développé un modèle de prospective qui décrit de façon détaillée le secteur des bioénergies et ses technologies de conversion actuelles et futures. Il est basé sur un paradigme d'optimisation qui permet de calculer les trajectoires technologiques de moindre coût, de 2010 à 2050, selon un grand nombre de contraintes qui représentent les spécificités du secteur : disponibilité et coût des ressources, paramètres techniques, économiques et environnementaux des procédés de conversion, etc.Dans une première partie, la démarche prospective est décrite. Elle consiste à analyser dans le détail les filières bioénergies : leur structure actuelle, les points de controverse et les systèmes techniques prometteurs, puis à développer un modèle de réflexion prospective basé sur ces données.Quatre questions d'intérêt stratégique pour la filière sont discutées dans la suite du document. Premièrement, la question du niveau de la demande à laquelle pourrait répondre le secteur selon deux scénarios contrastés de disponibilité de ressources métropolitaines est envisagée. Les trajectoires technologiques sont aussi analysées. Deuxièmement, l'impact d'une évolution du contexte réglementaire ainsi que les bénéfices environnementaux des biocarburants sont appréhendés. La troisième question est celle de l'impact de l'essor de la chimie du végétal sur les bioénergies. Enfin, les stratégies technologiques des biocarburants sont étudiées à l'aide d'une méthode Monte Carlo afin de comprendre les conditions du déploiement des diverses technologies disponibles. / French bioenergy consumption increased by 35 % over the last decade. It reached an 8.1% share in final energy demand by 2012. Bioenergy has been fostered for its many benefits as it is a renewable energy source that increases energy supply independence and that reduces greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. This sector also maintains and provides job at local level and promotes agricultural and forestry economic development.But the sustainability of this development is now subject to uncertainties: economic performance in comparison to fossil fuels, biomass availability, technological choices, and level of incentives. In addition, it faces several controversial points. Firstly, rise in global biomass demand has implied a rise in prices and it has threatened existing uses, such as wood panel manufacturing in the French building sector and food supply at a world scale. Secondly, environmental performance has been criticized: biomass combustion could emit fine particulate matter and GHG emissions of current biofuel processes may be higher than initially assessed. Consequently, new bioenergy pathways, avoiding these controversies, could be promoted by the policy maker.This PhD thesis aims at assessing these uncertainties to elaborate technological and regulatory strategies for French bioenergy sector. So, we created a prospective model which precisely describes this sector and its current and future conversion pathways. It relies on linear programming optimization paradigm that calculates least cost technological trajectories, from 2010 to 2050. Bioenergy sector is modelled by a large number of constraints: availability and cost of biomass, technical, economic and environmental parameters of transformation processes, etc.In the first part, we describe the prospective approach. It consists in analysing precisely bioenergy pathways: the current structure, the controversial points and the promising processes. Then, we explicit the conception of the prospective model: its data and its assumptions.In the second part, four main strategic points of bioenergy sector are discussed. Firstly, we assess the level of demand that could be fulfilled according to two contrasting scenarios of French biomass availability. Technological mix is then analysed. Secondly, we investigate the consequences of a change in biofuel regulatory context and a reconsideration of their environmental benefits. Thirdly, bio-based chemistry development impact on bioenergy production is evaluated. Finally, biofuel technological strategies are studied with a Monte Carlo approach to enhance the comprehension of the economic and environmental conditions of technology deployment.

As an afterword and outlook, this concise paper reviews and summarizes Swahili studies with a focus on its different historical stages. The author brings together different perspectives on Swahili based on dominant directions in Swahili research during the 20th century and also presents an outlook on potential further directions in the study of the language, with a specific focus on dialectological and variationist studies, as also found in this special issue.

The World Energy Outlook (WEO), an annual publication from the International Energy Agency (IEA), is often considered to be the most authoritative source of future energy scenarios for policy decision makers. The demand and supply scenarios for oil, one of the most irreplaceable resources in the global energy system, are central in each report. For the last decade, the outlook for oil supply in 2030 in the main IEA scenario has been reduced by almost 20 million barrels per day. The aim of this study is to examine the revisions to the oil supply scenarios, both at global and individual country level, and note if and how the IEA has motivated these revisions. The accuracy of past WEO scenarios is quantified by track record analysis and the latest WEO scenario is assessed in detail in relation to current scientific literature. Finally, implications of the latest WEO scenario for the long term oil supply are assessed. It is noted that the IEA generally motivate upward revisions to their scenarios, while downward revisions are often left unmentioned. Some recent revisions are attributed to the financial crises of 2008 and the largest revision in absolute terms is the gradual downward revision of OPEC production motivated by an underestimation of key producing countries’ will and ability to expand capacity. The track record analysis indicates that the accuracy of the IEA scenarios has increased on a five year prediction basis following the extended methodology applied in the WEO 2008. The analysis also shows that the accuracy of scenarios decrease with time. On a ten year horizon, the mean absolute error for the IEA aggregate ‘World oil supply” was estimated to 8.2%. The WEO2013 ‘New Policies Scenario’, with a time frame of 2012-2035, was assessed using decline and depletion rate analysis, and compared to empirically proven rates. The scenario was found to provide a realistic but optimistic view of the future of oil supply. An alternative scenario, with depletion rates in line with the fastest observed regional rates, resulted in somewhat lower production rates throughout the scenario time frame. A long term extrapolation to year 2100 of the WEO 2013 scenario, based strictly on resource and production data from the WEO reports, indicated that oil supply will reach a peak in 2035 and then enter decline for the remainder of the century. A sensitivity analysis showed that changes to the assumed resource base only moves the peak by a few years, but has a significant effect on the rate of the following decline.

<p>Vid möteshantering används många olika groupware, några av de groupware som används är intranät och e-post. Något som blir allt vanligare är att integrerade intranät och e-postlösningar (exempelvis Sharepoint) används vid möteshantering. Det behövs fler jämförelser om hur användbara olika informationssystem är vid möteshantering. Den här studien syftar till att jämföra hur användbart integrerat intranät och e-post är jämfört med separat intranät och e-post vid möteshantering. För att besvara frågan så har groupware walkhtrough och enkäter använts. Studien har skett på Stena Line i två olika grupper. Resultatet pekar mot att integrerat intranät och e-post är mer användbart vid möteshantering än separat intranät och e-post. Det krävs dock fler liknande undersökningar på andra arbetsplatser för att kunna generalisera resultatet.</p>

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / This dissertation studied the implementation of Outlook 98, Microsoft's desktop information management software, at Saybrook University and Bancroft Valley Bank (fictitious names). The major research question was, What does the life cycle of Outlook 98 at Saybrook University and Bancroft National Bank tell us about the pattern of implementation at these two sites, and what roles do users' "technological frames" play in each site's implementation process? Employing a qualitative methodology and a conceptual framework based on Wanda Orlikowski's works on "technological frames" (nature of technology, technology strategy and technology in use) and an "episodic" (three-stage) pattern of adaptation, the author conducted unstructured and structured interviews, directly observed meetings and training sessions, and analyzed existing documents to ascertain participants' experience with Outlook 98. The findings corroborated Orlikowski's descriptions of the frames and episodic adaptation, and uncovered three new insights related to the technological frames. First, the frames first appeared in a pre-implementation stage, or what Zaltman, Duncan and Holbek (1973) call the "Formation of Attitudes Toward the Innovation" substage of an innovation's initiation stage. The users' spontaneous and vivid figurative language-similes and metaphors-presented images of motion, rest and calm, and momentary stasis before further motion in the various stages. Second, users at both sites experienced "antecedent intolerance," the author's term for a drastic change in their nature of technology frame, from an originally negative perception of the new software and a reluctance to use it to an eventual refusal to give it up. The shift in their frames was so complete that it represented not merely a modification of the original frames but a replacement of them. And third, the findings suggest two new domains of technological frames: a User/Change Agent domain (users' and change agents' perceptions of each other) and a Learning the Technology domain, which the author feels is so important that he proposes a new ASK Model of Learning, an approach to training that would address users' attitudes in the pre-implementation stage and first stage of use, skills in the second stage, and knowledge in the third stage. / 2031-01-01