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Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-07-05T12:38:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cláudio de Araujo Ferreira.pdf: 7145517 bytes, checksum: 8c7b326ce9b38909db38bf44d6195f4c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-05T12:38:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cláudio de Araujo Ferreira.pdf: 7145517 bytes, checksum: 8c7b326ce9b38909db38bf44d6195f4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-25 / This paper aims to discuss the transactions of securitization of Overdue Public Tax Debt and its challenges. It discusses initially the role of State; the main authors and philosophers about this subject; and also applicates it to the Brazilian State. Additionally it is discussed the deterioration of the Brazilian public debt; the potential amount of Overdue Public Tax Debt of the public entities and to present a “Project of Law” that seeks to solve the existing conflicts of Law in the Brazilian legislation that do not permit the public entities to proceed with it that could be an important source of funds to the Brazilian public entities. We shall discus along it topics such as the role of the Governments, formation of Brazilian Estate, dylema of Moral Hazard due to the non charge of overdue taxes, securitization of assets among others / A presente pesquisa possui como objetivo tratar das operações de securitização de dívida ativa e seus desafios. Para tanto, trata inicialmente da visão de Estado e seu papel, abordando os principais autores e filósofos sobre o assunto; discute também esse tema no âmbito do Estado brasileiro. Antes de adentrar no escopo descrito inicialmente acima, é desenvolvido o tema da deterioração das contas públicas brasileiras nos últimos anos; do potencial de dívida ativa dos entes púbicos; dos conceitos de dívida ativa e securitização e por fim busca apresentar como conclusão um projeto de lei que consiga equacionar a antinomia de norma existente em nosso ordenamento jurídico que inviabiliza as operações de securitização de Dívida Ativa, as quais poderiam ser uma importante fonte de geração de riqueza para o Estado brasileiro. Para tal, aborda temas como o papel do Estado, formação do Estado brasileiro, dilema de Moral Hazard pela não cobrança de tributos, conceito de Dívida Ativa, securitização de ativos, entre outros

Small and Medium Business Credit Guarantee Fund (SMEG) is the sole non-profit credit guarantee providing organization in Taiwan. The mission of the fund is to help small and medium enterprises in need of capital obtain bank loans, and, hopefully, to promote the domestic economy as well as create the empolyment opportunities. In essence the fund facilitates the implementation of public policy. As the business environment is completely changed, the goals of handling fund were shifted from a financial perspective to a business perspective. The demand for the credit guarantee of the bank loan has substantially increased. In order to meet the growing demand, the effective risk management becomes an important issue. This study examines the overdue ratio and the effect of the risk management from the perspectives of enterprises, banks and the macroeconomics. Findings include the following:(a)some certain affiliated trades and some scales of loans are associated with high overdue ratio; (b) lowering the rate of guarantee can reduce the overdue ratio; (c) there is a significant difference between the characters of the bank and the overdue ratio of SMEG; (d) in macroeconomics, the overdue rate of the SMEG are highly related to the economic indicators such as economic growth rate, money supply, heavy discount rate and unemployment rate. The previous indicators can be the reference indicator of the risk management of SMEG.

The aim of the thesis is the analysis of the volume of state receivables overdue arising mainly from the underpayment of taxes, duties, social insurance during the time period from 2000 to 2014. The aim is also an analysis of the recovery of overdue receivables in the Czech Republic that should lead to identification of causes of bad developments in the period. The topic is important and actual because of the fact that the overdue claims are one of the biggest challenges of fiscal policy in the Czech Republic over the past 15 years. Benefit from examining this issue should be to identify the causes of negative developments in the period. The theoretical part describes the theory of economic policy with special reference to one of their major segments, fiscal policy, which is the essence of tackle. Then it analyzes the theory of government failure, the theory of moral hazard, etc. The main content of the practical part is to analyze the volumes of different types of overdue receivables in the period, an analysis of the recovery of overdue receivables in the Czech Republic, the identification and characterization of the causes of negative developments and, last but not least, the draft national economic measures aimed at eliminating these causes.

Credit granting is not only one core business but also the major profit source of banks. Non-Performing Loan Ratio (NPL Ratio) is an important index to evaluate the quality of credit granting and to influence profitability of banks. Recently, NPL ratio, which soared to record level, of local banks does not only hurt their asset quality but also threaten their surviving space due to the changes of internal structure, overbanking, internationalization of local banking industry, economic recession, the subprime crisis in 2007. Theoretically, banks have their own credit granting policy and credit examination system; however, there is soaring NPL ratio to cause huge NPL losses in banks because of the differences of credit grating practices. Nevertheless, there are some local banks which have lower NPL ratio. Therefore, this research is to help us to understand the possible factors of overdue loan that happened in corporate banking, and try to discover the key factors. Also, try to sampling those key factors from the past experiences for future crediting reference. The main profit from a bank is the margin of deposit and credit loan interest. Therefore, the overdue loan is highly related to a bank¡¦s profit. Moreover, it is necessary for banks to pay more cost to make up the losses which are caused by the NPL. Certainly, it is safest way for banks to acquire 100% collaterals for creditors¡¦ right, although 100% collaterals could be acquired, the creditors cannot ignore the impacts (on the creditors¡¦ profitability) of the necessary litigation expenses for disposing the collaterals. As a result, fully recognize the customers¡¦ credit condition before drawing is the only way to avoid the NPL loss and ensure the profit.

The main aim of this graduation theses was to characterize the bad debt and is then analyzed in the reporting entity. The most important part of this graduation theses is aplication of lawful rectifying item and amortization of debts in practice and after that resulting effect on tax base and income range. After a complete analysis and mapping of debts can be stated that the company has an overview of overdue debts, records all borrowers and applied hedge funds. Also accounting entity should not fear to make up rectifying items to overdue debts because if they will be in step with law No. 593/1992 Sb. about backlog for finding the base of income tax it can have the only the positive impact for the base tax and high of tax as well.

In thesis on the topic Outstanding of entrepreneurial subjects from legal and accounting view I tried explained problems of overdue outstanding. Than I applied the theoretic piece of knowledge in practical section. I tried show on four enterprises (one Limited Company and three join stock companies) how they form accounting emendatory items, how was the height of outstanding and tax emendatory items in three years (at intervals years 2004 to 2006) and farther approve if there is some structure between the height of outstanding and other indexes. Introduction of my thesis refer to creation, operating and provision overdue outstanding. Control of doubtful or irrecoverable outstanding is very challenging and it does not bear such effect, like if the outstanding was paid in time. Next I dealed with outstanding in the insolvence proceeding and compensatory procedure, appreciation and bookkeeping of outstanding in the theoretic section.

The subject of this thesis is the issue of overdue receivables and their reflection in accounting according to accounting and tax legislation valid in the Czech Republic. First it discusses debt collection and related costs. Then it maps the rules for recognition of impairment loss on receivables in the accounts through allowances and write-offs, also from the perspective of international financial reporting standards and in terms of tax optimization. The main part of the work is an analysis of overdue debts and formed allowances in the years 2004 to 2014 in nine selected leasing companies operating on the Czech market, focusing on the influence of the financial crisis of 2008 and 2009.

Кредитование физических лиц – одно из основных направлений деятельности коммерческих банков, приносящий доход. Для населения кредиты один из возможных способов повысить свой уровень жизни, например, купив недвижимость. Актуальность темы исследования обусловлена тем, что каждый год повышается спрос физических лиц на банковские кредиты, растет конкуренция на рынке среди кредитных организаций, что вызывает необходимые изменения в кредитной системе всей страны. Научная новизна работы: 1) Предложено более точное толкование определения просроченной задолженности (проблемная) по потребительскому кредиту, что позволяет увязать понятие проблемной задолженности по кредиту с высоким уровнем финансовых потерь в банке при ненадлежащем обслуживании заемщика кредита, что часто связано с ухудшением финансового положения заемщика. 2) Предложено усовершенствовать систему оценки платежеспособности заемщиков путем внедрения психоскоринга (с учетом требований закона о защите персональных данных), что позволит сформировать целостный портрет с точки зрения платежеспособности. 3) Предложено усовершенствовать механизм комплексного обслуживания клиента путем подключения овердрафта и выбора расчета ежемесячного платежа клиентом, что позволит снизить риски неплатежеспособности. / Lending to individuals is one of the main activities of commercial banks that generates income. For the population, loans are one of the possible ways to improve their standard of living, for example, by buying real estate. The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that every year the demand of individuals for bank loans is increasing, competition in the market among credit institutions is growing, which causes the necessary changes in the credit system of the entire country. Scientific novelty of the work: 1) A more accurate interpretation of the definition of overdue debt (problem) for a consumer loan is proposed, which allows linking the concept of problem debt on a loan with a high level of financial losses in the bank with improper service of the borrower, which is often associated with a deterioration in the financial situation of the borrower. 2) It was proposed to improve the system for assessing the solvency of borrowers by introducing psychoscoring (taking into account the requirements of the law on the protection of personal data), which will allow to form a holistic portrait in terms of solvency. 3) It was proposed to improve the mechanism of comprehensive customer service by connecting an overdraft and choosing the calculation of a monthly payment by the customer, which will reduce the risks of insolvency.

Магистерская диссертация посвящена вопросам совершенствования ипотечного кредитования. Целью исследования является выявление проблем ипотечного кредитования в России и поиск возможностей для совершенствования ипотечных продуктов. Также в работе проведен обзор ипотечных программ ряда банков и представлен корреляционно-регрессионный анализ зависимости показателей ипотечного рынка от социально-экономических факторов. В качестве научной новизны предложено и обосновано внедрение ипотечного продукта с комбинированным методом уплаты процентов, который позволяет повысить привлекательность ипотечного кредитования для граждан. / The master's thesis is devoted to the improvement of mortgage lending. The purpose of the study is to identify the problems of mortgage lending in Russia and to search for opportunities to improve mortgage products. The paper also reviews mortgage programs of a number of banks and presents a correlation and regression analysis of the dependence of mortgage market indicators on socio-economic factors. As a scientific novelty, the introduction of effective mortgage product with a combined method of paying interest is proposed and justified.