This study aims to research the Swedish municipality's political implementation of sustainable development and if the implementation can be considered weakly or strongly sustainable. The study also researches what effects resilience has on that outcome. To achieve this aim, the study has chosen to use a quantitative case study together with a content analysis method applied on Karlskrona's overview plan for 2050. The study has chosen to use international and national authorities' definitions of sustainability and resilience for its theory. Theories about strong and weak sustainable development defined by Stig Montin and Mikael Granberg were also used to form the studies theory. The case study was made by analyzing frequencies of paragraphs containing aspects of resilience or of sustainability. Both groups were divided into subgroups defined as economic, ecological and social dimensions respectively. The result of this case study was that aspects of resilience appear a lot less than aspects of sustainability but that an inclusion of resilience is paramount for the overview plan to be considered strongly sustainable. This appeared as a result when aspects of resilience were removed it created an imbalance between the dimensions of  sustainability which caused the plan to be considered weakly sustainable.

Society generates more and more data every day, and with competent ways to visualize it, we can learn new things about the world we live in. While traditional visualizations try to stay clear of 3D graphs because they are hard for a user to process without proper depth cues, VR technology allows us to better perceive 3D structures, but what happens to our overview of the data when we perceive and interact with it in 3D? 6 participants were subject to a 3D VR visualization of customer data with filtering possibilities, where they were to perform a series of short tasks as well as a more open-ended free form task. Qualitative data was gathered through extensive semi-structured interviews. Quantitative supportive data was gathered as well in the form of interaction logs, time to complete tasks and the Presence Questionnaire. After this first round of tests, feedback and data was compiled into a new version of the visualization that was then tested on seven new participants. Results showed that seeing the graph from different perspectives was important to gaining an overview of the 3D graph, but also to actively interact with the data helped participants gain an overview by digging deeper into the data. In order to dig into the data in the 3D graph, participants expressed that they would’ve liked to be able to compare subsets of the data. / Vi genererar ofantliga mängder data varje dag, men utan att visualisera denna data är det inte säkert att vi lär oss någonting av den. Med detta följer även ett behov av att visualisera denna data i flera dimensioner, något som varit svårt i informationsvisualiseringar tidigare då det är svårt att representera djup på en platt skärm så att människor förstår. Med VR-teknik kan vi däremot använda detta djupseende i informationsvisualiseringar, men vad händer med vår överblick av informationen när vi ser och interagerar med den i 3D?   6 testpersoner fick interagera med en 3D-visualisering av kunddata med filtreringsmöjligheter i VR och fick i denna utföra en serie mindre uppgifter samt en större, fri uppgift. Under testet samlades kvalitativ data in i form av utförliga semi-strukturerade intervjuer och kvantitativ supportdata i form av loggar av interaktioner, tid att slutföra uppgifter samt svar från Presence Questionnaire för alla testpersoner. Åsikterna från denna testrunda användes sedan för att skapa en ny version av 3Dvisualiseringen som sedan testades på 7 nya personer enligt samma studieformat.   Resultaten visade att det var viktigt att kunna se grafen från olika perspektiv för att få en överblick, såväl som att kunna aktivt filtrera och interagera med visualiseringen för att kunna gräva djupare i datan. För att kunna gräva djupare kände många testpersoner att de behövde ett sätt att enkelt kunna jämföra delmängder av datan med varandra.

Information visualization (info vis) deals with how to increase the bandwidth of effective communication between computer and human, enabling us to see more, understand more, and accomplish more. Traditionally, it deals with interaction and display techniques of visualizing often abstract data on the two-dimensional desktop. Immersive virtual environments (VEs) offer new, exciting possibilities for information visualization. Immersion gives an enhanced realistic effect, and can improve spatial understanding and orientation. By identifying or developing useful interaction techniques (ITs), we can develop VE systems for better information visualization. This thesis has two different experiments that were related to two different sides of the study of use of immersion for VEs. One of the experiments is related to abstract data visualization in an immersive VE. The other one was motivated by the need for enhancing a realistic VE with additional data. In our first experiment, our focus is on implementing overview+detail techniques in VEs. Our hypothesis is that VE-specific ITs should borrow from, but not copy existing 2D IT technique for overview +detail. We develop ITs for use in VEs and show that they are easy to use and useful using task-based usability evaluation. We develop the "jump" technique for use in this application, which can be generalized to numerous other applications. The tangible contribution of this research is Wizard, an application for infovis in VEs. Our second hypothesis is that if the data to be visualized has inherent spatial attributes, it can be visualized well in immersive virtual environments. We investigate the trends using an experiment that tests people's understanding of spatial attributes under immersive and desktop conditions. Although not statistically significant, we observed a moderate trend indicating that immersion decreases the time needed to perform a spatial information- gathering task. We believe that this area of research can be applied immediately to the applications currently being developed. / Master of Science

In the arena of software development, implementing a software design (no matter how perfect the design) is rarely done right the first time. Consequently, debugging one's own (or someone else's) software is inevitable, and tools that assist in this often-arduous task become very important with respect to reducing the cost of debugging as well as the cost of the software life cycle as a whole. Many tools exist with this aim, but all are lacking in a key area: information visualization. Applying information visualization techniques such as zooming, focus and context, or graphical representation of numeric data may enhance the visual debugging experience. To this end, drawing data structures as graphs is potentially a step in the right direction, but more must be done to maximize the value of time spent debugging and to minimize the actual amount of time spent debugging. This thesis will address some information visualization techniques that may be helpful in debugging (specifically with respect to visual debugging) and will present the results of a small pilot study intended to illustrate the potential value of such techniques. / Master of Science

Durch die parallele Programmierung wird ermöglicht, dass Programme nebenläufig auf mehreren CPU-Kernen oder CPUs ausgeführt werden können. Um das parallele Programmieren zu erleichtern, wurden diverse Sprachen (z.B. Erlang) und Bibliotheken (z.B. OpenMP) aufbauend auf parallele Programmiermodelle (z.B. Parallel Random Access Machine) entwickelt. Möchte z.B. ein Softwarearchitekt sich in einem Projekt für ein Programmiermodell entscheiden, muss er dabei auf mehrere wichtige Kriterien (z.B. Abhängigkeiten zur Hardware) achten. erleichternd für diese Suche sind Übersichten, die die Programmiermodelle in diesen Kriterien unterscheiden und ordnen. Werden existierenden Übersichten jedoch betrachtet, finden sich Unterschiede in der Klassifizierung, den verwendeten Begriffen und den aufgeführten Programmiermodellen. Diese Arbeit begleicht dieses Defizit, indem zuerst durch ein Systematic Literature Review die existierenden Taxonomien gesammelt und analysiert werden. Darauf aufbauend wird eine einheitliche Taxonomie erstellt. Mit dieser Taxonomie kann eine Übersicht über die parallelen Programmiermodelle erstellt werden. Diese Übersicht wird zusätzlich durch Informationen zu den jeweiligen Abhängigkeiten der Programmiermodelle zu der Hardware-Architektur erweitert werden. Der Softwarearchitekt (oder Projektleiter, Softwareentwickler,...) kann damit eine informierte Entscheidung treffen und ist nicht gezwungen alle Programmiermodelle einzeln zu analysieren.

Background: Urinary incontinence is a condition that affects many women, and means a big expense to society. If not more preventive action is taken, the costs are expected to increase even more. The condition affects women's quality of life through more and better prevention, society can contribute to a better quality of life for the affected women. The aim of the literature review is to describe women's experiences of living with urinary incontinence. The method is a literature review, and includes articles with qualitative approach. Articles were searched in the databases CINAHL, MEDLINE and PsycINFO. The result comprises eleven articles analyzed according to Fribergs fivestep model. It was compiled into a main theme to live with a hidden disability and four subthemes emerged. These were influence in the daily life, communication difficulties with the environment, interactions with health care, and acceptance of life situation. Urinary incontinence restricts women's daily lives, they are afraid to seek medical care because of shame and embarrassment. In many cases this was accepted and they learn to live with it. Women are silent regarding the urinary incontinence when they do not feel understood by their surroundings. Conclusion: Urinary incontinence is a common inconvenience that adversely affects women's quality of life. The women themselves do not always speak openly, and when they do, they often find that they do not get the help they need. More research is needed and nurses are more likely to address the problem.

Bakgrund: En miljard människor i världen lever med hypertoni. Hypertoni är en riskfaktor till flera allvarliga sjukdomar och dödsfall. Med behandling i ett tidigt stadium kan risken för komplikationer minska. Följsamheten till egenvård vid hypertoni är relativt låg och alla patienter hanterar sina egenvårdsstrategier på olika sätt. Hur patienter upplever egenvården påverkas av flera olika erfarenheter. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva hur vuxna personer upplever egenvården vid hypertoni. Metod: En litteraturöversikt som innefattade tio kvalitativa artiklar gjordes. Analysarbetet utfördes baserat på Fribergs femstegsmodell. Resultat: Resultatet baserades på tre huvudkategorier. I resultatet belystes vikten av att hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal gav deltagare kunskap och information om sjukdomen. Det framkom hur hälso- och sjukvårdspersonals bemötande och stöd påverkade hur väl egenvården utfördes. Deltagare upplevde svårigheter att följa ordinerade livsstilsförändringar och läkemedelsbehandling. Personligt stöd underlättade för deltagarna att utföra egenvårdsåtgärder. Slutsats: Patienter upplevde en tydlig brist i egenvården vid hypertoni. Följsamheten till olika egenvårdsåtgärder kunde öka och bli bättre när rätt kunskap, information och bemötande gavs till deltagarna. Slutsatsen beskriver att hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal behöver mer utbildning om hur varje patient kunde stärkas till en bättre egenvård. / Background: One billion people around the world is living with hypertension today. Hypertension is a riskfactor for developing many other serious diseases, even death. With treatment in an early stage, the risk of complications can be reduced. This can be done by lifestyle changes and with help and support from healtcare professionals. Despite this, the adherence to self-care in hypertension is relatively low. How the participants experienced the self-care were influenced by many different lived experiences. Aim: The aim was to describe how adults experiences hypertension self-management. Method: A litterature overview with ten qualitative articles were made. The analysis were made based on Friberg’s five-step model. Results: The results were based on three main categories. In the result the importance of healthcare professionals giving correct information about the disease emerged. Participants also described how the support and personal treatment affected their adherence to self-care. Participants described that they had difficulties with adherence to lifestyle changes and drug treatment. Participants experienced that personal support could help the participants to manage the self-care.  Conclusion: Patients experienced a lack in the self-care of hypertension. The adherence to different types of self-care and self-management could be better when the right knowledge, information and treatment is given. The conclusion was that healthcare professionals needed more education about how to strengthen and motivate the patients to a better self-care.

The diploma thesis deals with the orthography problems and the use of Czech language overview worksheets for the 5th grade of primary school. The thesis is divided into three parts. The theoretical part contains the definition of the subject matter in RVP ZV, the definition of orthography, its meaning, spelling functions and principles, types of spelling exercises, their classification and correction. A discussion of new changes and approaches in contemporary orthography is also in the theoretical part. The research part of the thesis contains a pilot verification of the Czech language overview worksheets and asks several questions. The aim was to find out the pupils' attitude to orthography, to reveal their most common spelling mistakes and to verify whether there was an improvement in the spelling while pupils were using the Czech language overview worksheets for the 5th grade of primary school. The practical part of the thesis contains created overview sheets for the 5th grade of elementary school.

This thesis studies the development of social and legal institutions that have controlled the pattern of water development in Utah from 1847 to 1947. The thesis is divided into three parts to facilitate the study of the diverse influences on water development. The first part deals with the mormon church and pioneer influences and private development during the late 1800s. The second begins with statehood and records the changes in the state's institutions up to 1947. The third part is a summary of the entire process. It relates pioneer, private, and state influences to each other and the current (1989) water management structure to the 1947 structure.

La compréhension des pratiques enseignantes constitue l'objectif principal de mes recherches en didactique des mathématiques. L'enseignant y est considéré comme un individu en situation de travail dont les activités poursuivent des objectifs qui ne concernent pas seulement les élèves, mais aussi, par exemple, des impératifs liés à l'exercice même du métier. En conséquences, mes travaux sont marqués par une attention majeure à la complexité des pratiques des enseignants ainsi qu'à leur point de vue sur leurs pratiques, sans tomber pour autant dans l'impasse de tenir pour vrai tout ce qui s'appuie sur leur expérience. Certaines recherches ont été menées avec des enseignants, parfois même à partir de leurs problèmes professionnels, ou avec d'autres chercheurs en sciences de l'éducation au sein d'un groupe codisciplinaire. L'étude des régularités des pratiques, ainsi que de leur diversité et de leur variabilité, a permis de mettre au jour des règles de métier en lien avec des contraintes professionnelles, ainsi que certaines marges de manœuvre que les enseignants investissent, en classe particulièrement, et des possibilités de développement professionnel individuelles ou collectives. L'ensemble de ces travaux et des résultats obtenus m'ont amené à développer un cadre où les pratiques enseignantes sont considérées, d'une part, comme relevant d'un ensemble d'activités professionnelles interdépendantes que sont la préparation, l'enseignement, l'évaluation, la formation et la coopération, et, d'autre part selon trois dimensions : institutionnelle, sociale et personnelle. Ce cadre ouvre des perspectives de nouvelles recherches en didactique des mathématiques. Ainsi, par exemple, des travaux sont en cours sur les aides que les enseignants apportent ou pourraient apporter à leurs élèves, sur les difficultés souvent rencontrées lors des transitions scolaires, de l'école au collège ou du collège au lycée, ainsi que sur la formation au calcul de doses médicamenteuses, une activité mathématique réalisée par les professionnels en soins infirmiers.