CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A utilizaÃÃo de microtratores na agricultura familiar otimizou o trabalho, mas ainda assim, nÃo excluiu totalmente o operador dos riscos da atividade, pois o mesmo realiza o trabalho em campo aberto totalmente exposto a variaÃÃo das condiÃÃes climÃticas, principalmente a radiaÃÃo solar, temperatura e umidade relativa, alÃm do ruÃdo intenso e da vibraÃÃo produzida pelo microtrator. A caracterizaÃÃo deste ambiente e dos riscos laborais produzidos pela mÃquina sÃo necessÃrios para o desenvolvimento de estratÃgias que possam minimizar os riscos e dar condiÃÃes ao operador de desempenhar sua atividade sem comprometimento da sua condiÃÃo fÃsica. O trabalho foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental Lavoura Seca (FELS) da Universidade Federal do Cearà (UFC) localizada no municÃpio de QuixadÃ, sertÃo central do CearÃ. Utilizou-se um microtrator modelo TC14 Super (cultivador motorizado), marca Yanmar Agritech, acoplado a uma enxada rotativa. Para as mediÃÃes das variÃveis climÃticas, do operador e do microtrator foram utilizados sensores e aparelhos instalados nos mesmos. O delineamento experimental foi feito esquema fatorial 3x5, onde foram utilizadas trÃs velocidades para cinco horÃrios ao longo do dia. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à anÃlise de variÃncia, sendo as mÃdias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Concluiu-se que a atividade realizada pelo operador de microtrator no municÃpio de QuixadÃ-Cearà à considerada estressante, devido à alta carga tÃrmica e caracterÃstica do clima do municÃpio. Todos os mÃtodos utilizados foram de valia para caracterizaÃÃo da atividade que se mostrou insalubre para o ruÃdo e salubre para vibraÃÃo. O mÃtodo OWAS (Ovako Working Posture Analysing System) foi eficaz para identificar o risco ergonÃmico da atividade, sendo as costas do operador a parte do corpo mais afetada, pela tendÃncia do operador de se inclinar durante a atividade, recomenda-se a implementaÃÃo de ginÃstica laboral, alongamentos antes e depois da atividade, para diminuir o risco de lesÃes musculares e lombalgias. / The use of microtratores in family farming optimized the work, but still, did not exclude the operator of the activity of risk, because it gets the job done in fully exposed open field the variation in climatic conditions, especially solar radiation, temperature and humidity relative, apart from the loud noise and vibration produced by microtractor. The characterization of environmental and occupational hazards produced by the machine are needed for the development of strategies that can minimize risk and provide conditions for the operator to perform their activities without compromising their condition. The study was conducted at the Experimental Farm Crop Drought (FELS) of the Federal University of Cearà (UFC) in the municipality of QuixadÃ, central backwoods of CearÃ. We used a microtractor model TC14 Super (motor cultivator) brand Yanmar Agritech, coupled to a rotary tiller. For measurements of climate variables, operator and microtractor were used sensors and devices installed in them. The experiment was done factorial 3x5, which were used three speeds to five times throughout the day. The data were submitted to variance analysis and the averages were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. It was concluded that the activity carried out by microtractor operator in the city of QuixadÃ-Cearà is considered stressful, due to the high thermal load and municipal climate feature. All methods used were of value to characterize the activity that proved unhealthy for noise and vibration for wholesome. The OWAS (Ovako Working Posture Analysing System) method was effective to identify ergonomic risk of the activity, and operator's back part of the most affected body, the operator's tendency to tilt during activity, it is recommended to implement fitness labor, stretches before and after activity to reduce the risk of muscle injury and back pain.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:37:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo3700_1.pdf: 1689259 bytes, checksum: e56e84db9e9fee80a701228f397f87cd (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Na indústria da construção civil, a forma de trabalho não estruturada e em muitos casos artesanal, acarreta baixa eficiência nos processos produtivos com grande perda de tempo e de material. A falta de um estudo logístico no canteiro de obras contribui para o desgaste excessivo/prematuro da mão de obra devido ao excesso no manuseio das cargas. Este estudo de caso procurou avaliar os constrangimentos ergonômicos na movimentação de matérias numa obra de recuperação de fachada na Região Metropolitana do Recife PE, à luz da Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho (AET) e com o auxílio do método OWAS, sendo empregado como ferramenta de análise, o programa de computador WinOWAS, que contribuiu no rápido diagnóstico das posturas verificadas, facilitando bastante nas recomendações a serem tomadas para a melhoria das posturas. O estudo foi dividido em três etapas. Inicialmente, foi realizada uma revisão bibliografia em torno dos temas ergonomia, logística, indústria da construção civil, postura, canteiro de obras e movimentação de materiais. Na segunda parte foi realizado um estudo de caso baseado na bibliografia existente e por fim, analisaram-se as posturas encontradas. Este trabalho apresentou como contribuição para o setor: a conscientização dos trabalhadores da construção civil a posturas constrangedoras assumidas na execução da tarefa e por oferecer recomendações para melhorias das condições de trabalho

Many variations of conveyor, facility, and trailer designs are available to aid the human operator in manual materials handling (MMH). This thesis describes an investigation to determine which of four different designs used in trailer MMH place the least physical stress on the human operator when unloading materials. Each trailer MMH design was evaluated by the criteria of biomechanical loading, working posture, physiological measure, and subjective rating of exertion. These four methods were used to generate four dependent measures: L5/S1 Compression Force, OWAS Action Category, mean heart rate, and Borg CR-10 RPE. While no single assessment method provided a clear means for quantifying level differences in physical stress among MMH conditions, the methods employed furnished insight into which techniques and protocols might be useful in studying similar working situations. Based on relative sensitivity, ease of application, and administrative and equipment costs, the OWAS method was recommended as an assessment method useful for evaluating similar MMH work. The summary results of the four methods provided information to meet the experimental goals of this research and allowed conclusions to be drawn for the major areas of interest. Specifically, statistically significant differences were found between the Drop-frame - Floor Rollers condition and all other conditions in the SSPM - Placement analysis, between the Flat-floor - Power and the Drop-frame - Suspended Rollers conditions in the OWAS - Acquisition analysis, and between the Drop-frame - Suspended Rollers and the Drop-frame - Floor Rollers conditions in the OWAS - Placement analysis. / Master of Science

ESTEVAM, Francisca Nivanda de Lima. Variáveis ambientais e ergonômicas na operação com microtrator. 2015. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2015. / Submitted by Vitor Campos (vitband@gmail.com) on 2016-10-13T23:32:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_fnlestevam.pdf: 2828151 bytes, checksum: e2c08ba228f96c48e73c399d6e655f80 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-10-18T18:45:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_fnlestevam.pdf: 2828151 bytes, checksum: e2c08ba228f96c48e73c399d6e655f80 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-18T18:45:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_fnlestevam.pdf: 2828151 bytes, checksum: e2c08ba228f96c48e73c399d6e655f80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / The use of microtratores in family farming optimized the work, but still, did not exclude the operator of the activity of risk, because it gets the job done in fully exposed open field the variation in climatic conditions, especially solar radiation, temperature and humidity relative, apart from the loud noise and vibration produced by microtractor. The characterization of environmental and occupational hazards produced by the machine are needed for the development of strategies that can minimize risk and provide conditions for the operator to perform their activities without compromising their condition. The study was conducted at the Experimental Farm Crop Drought (FELS) of the Federal University of Ceará (UFC) in the municipality of Quixadá, central backwoods of Ceará. We used a microtractor model TC14 Super (motor cultivator) brand Yanmar Agritech, coupled to a rotary tiller. For measurements of climate variables, operator and microtractor were used sensors and devices installed in them. The experiment was done factorial 3x5, which were used three speeds to five times throughout the day. The data were submitted to variance analysis and the averages were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. It was concluded that the activity carried out by microtractor operator in the city of Quixadá-Ceará is considered stressful, due to the high thermal load and municipal climate feature. All methods used were of value to characterize the activity that proved unhealthy for noise and vibration for wholesome. The OWAS (Ovako Working Posture Analysing System) method was effective to identify ergonomic risk of the activity, and operator's back part of the most affected body, the operator's tendency to tilt during activity, it is recommended to implement fitness labor, stretches before and after activity to reduce the risk of muscle injury and back pain. / A utilização de microtratores na agricultura familiar otimizou o trabalho, mas ainda assim, não excluiu totalmente o operador dos riscos da atividade, pois o mesmo realiza o trabalho em campo aberto totalmente exposto a variação das condições climáticas, principalmente a radiação solar, temperatura e umidade relativa, além do ruído intenso e da vibração produzida pelo microtrator. A caracterização deste ambiente e dos riscos laborais produzidos pela máquina são necessários para o desenvolvimento de estratégias que possam minimizar os riscos e dar condições ao operador de desempenhar sua atividade sem comprometimento da sua condição física. O trabalho foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental Lavoura Seca (FELS) da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) localizada no município de Quixadá, sertão central do Ceará. Utilizou-se um microtrator modelo TC14 Super (cultivador motorizado), marca Yanmar Agritech, acoplado a uma enxada rotativa. Para as medições das variáveis climáticas, do operador e do microtrator foram utilizados sensores e aparelhos instalados nos mesmos. O delineamento experimental foi feito esquema fatorial 3x5, onde foram utilizadas três velocidades para cinco horários ao longo do dia. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Concluiu-se que a atividade realizada pelo operador de microtrator no município de Quixadá-Ceará é considerada estressante, devido à alta carga térmica e característica do clima do município. Todos os métodos utilizados foram de valia para caracterização da atividade que se mostrou insalubre para o ruído e salubre para vibração. O método OWAS (Ovako Working Posture Analysing System) foi eficaz para identificar o risco ergonômico da atividade, sendo as costas do operador a parte do corpo mais afetada, pela tendência do operador de se inclinar durante a atividade, recomenda-se a implementação de ginástica laboral, alongamentos antes e depois da atividade, para diminuir o risco de lesões musculares e lombalgias.

This thesis is the final assignment for the program master of science in Industrial Design Engineering at luleå university of technology. The timespan is September of 2017 and early January 2018 and is equivalent to 30 high school credits. The work was performed at Martinsons Såg in Bygdsiljum, Sweden.Martinsons is Sweden’s largest producer of cross-laminated timber, crosslam. The staff is divided into two shifts with nine workers each. The production consists of three sections, gluing, CNC and shipping. The factory was expanded in early 2017 but did not achieve planned output. The last section, the shipping, is a bottleneck. The object of this thesis is to find a layout that solves the bottleneck and improve the working conditions in the shipping, and the pace of the system should be determined by the first process, the pressing. The production starts with the planks. Planks are cut to the right dimensions by a saw and placed in layers. Glue is then applied, and more layers are placed and moved to a press while the glue dries. It results in panels. The maximum size of the panels is 16x3 m. A CNC saw cuts the panels to litteras, custom order parts used to build everything from houses to public areas. The workers pack the littera manually. When the litteras are packed, the packages are loaded on trucks for delivery to the customers. The theoretical background of this thesis consists of three major subjects: industrial design engineering, ergonomic and lean production, with a focus on waste reduction. To understand the system the flows and working procedures were documented with observations, interviews, a survey and some filming. An OWAS were used to observed the ergonomic risks and analyse how they can be avoided. Later in the project were a brainstorming session and workshop used to generate concepts to solve the problems. The concepts were evaluated with a value matrix. The results from the examination of the system showed that the real bottleneck in the system was the crane. It was slow and is also used in the waste flows. Two packaging stations for the litteras cannot be used because of the flow of the sawdust, lowering the capacity and flexibility in the packaging. Summarised, the crane could not deal with the demands from the rest of the system. The ergonomic problems consisted of bent and twisted backs while the workers pack the littera. This thesis proposes an investment plan to solve these problems. It consists of two investments that expand the building and expand conveyors, thus removing much of the lifting much lifting with the crane. The waste and littera flows are separated to allow the crane to focus on the main flow of littera.Two new kinds of packaging stations are implemented to help with the packaging: standard stations that pack the littera on lifts and wall packaging stations that packs littera meant for walls that have many weaknesses. The standard stations consist of scissor lift tables that help reduce the time spent with a bent back while packaging. The temperature is maintained at comfortable levels with an airlock to the outside.

Identificar la influencia de las medidas preventivas en los peligros disergonómicos para reducir el nivel de riesgo laboral de los trabajadores de obras civiles del Gobierno Regional de Huancavelica - 2016. Métodos: Se utilizó en Método OWAS para la identificación de los niveles de riegos de los trabajadores. Para la evaluación del método se consideró actividades y tareas de los operarios, oficiales y peones. Posteriormente la evaluación se aplicó medidas preventivas o correctivas a cada uno de los trabajadores, con los que se disminuyó el nivel de riesgo de alto y extremo a riesgo ligero o ningún riesgo. Resultados: Los trabajadores de obras civiles del Gobierno Regional de Huancavelica presentaban riesgo laboral extremo de 58,75% y el 40,0% riesgo alto, después de la aplicación de las medidas preventivas, la mayoría de trabajadores no presentan riesgo laboral 72,50% y el 25,0% presenta riesgo ligero. De acuerdo al tratamiento de la información se acepta la hipótesis de investigación, afirmando que la aplicación de las medidas preventivas o correctivas disminuye significativamente el nivel de riesgo laboral de los trabajadores de obras civiles del Gobierno Regional de Huancavelica. / Tesis

Die Gesundheit von Beschäftigten in Unternehmen wird unter dem Aspekt einer sich verändernden Altersstruktur und sich schneller wandelnden Arbeitsbedingungen zunehmend an innerbetrieblicher Bedeutung gewinnen. Sie ist einer der Schlüssel zur Erhaltung und Förderung der Arbeitsbewältigungsfähigkeit der Mitarbeiter und damit Arbeitsfähigkeit sowie die Leistungsbereitschaft auf der Lebensarbeitszeitachse zu erhalten und somit Kontinuität in einer manuellen Produktion zu erzeugen. Die vorliegende Masterarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Analyse eines Montagearbeitsplatzes in einem mittelständischen Betrieb, hinsichtlich ergonomischer Belastungsfaktoren. Bei der analysierten Tätigkeit steht die physische Belastung aus Körperzwangshaltung und des Hand-Arm-Schulter Systems im Mittelpunkt, da dieses die wesentlichen Belastungsfaktoren sind. Ein weiterer Aspekt war, dass die hier untersuchte Arbeitsaufgabe eine sehr gute Ausgangsbasis schafft um Rückschlüsse auf die Fertigungs- und Montagebedingungen fast aller anderen Produkte zu ziehen. Die Arbeit gibt somit nicht nur Auskunft über die aktuelle ergonomische Belastung bei der Produktion des Centerwave 6000 und ihrer Verbesserungsmaßnahmen, sondern eröffnet auch die Perspektive einen generellen Gesundheitsgewinn zu erzielen, der auf der Minimierung von vergleichbaren ergonomischen Risikofaktoren in der gesamten Fertigung beruht.