Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-21T13:35:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Christtianno de Lima Rollemberg.pdf: 2445206 bytes, checksum: 4da0aaed00880d13a23b17cdb6cae239 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-21T13:35:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Christtianno de Lima Rollemberg.pdf: 2445206 bytes, checksum: 4da0aaed00880d13a23b17cdb6cae239 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-30 / This study evaluated the use of silicon (Si) in micropropagation of banana 'Silk' and 'Pacovan Ken' aiming to reduce the severity of fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense and moko disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum race 2. The banana plantlets were produced in vitro by adding calcium silicate and potassium silicate (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 g L-1) to MS medium in the phases of multiplication and rooting. After in vitro culture, the plants were transferred to plastic tubes containing substrate plus the same sources of Si, and maintained in a greenhouse for 45 days, when they were inoculated with the pathogens. With respect to fusarium wilt in cultivars Silk and Pacovan Ken, the elevation of Si increased the incubation period (IP) and reduced the disease index (DI) and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). In cultivar Silk but not in Pacovan Ken calcium silicate was significantly more effective than potassium silicate. In shoots and roots of both cultivars in both sources, before and after acclimatization Si concentration was greater at a dose of 1.0 g L-1 compared to the control without Si. Before acclimatization, calcium silicate provided higher Si concentration in the shoots than potassium silicate. The opposite happened with the Si concentration in the roots. After acclimatization, there was no difference between the calcium silicate and potassium silicate, for both cultivars. In general, for both cultivars and sources of Si there were positive correlations with the concentration of Si and IP, and negative correlations with DI and AUDPC. Before and after acclimatization, the anatomical variable of roots: thickness of the root epidermis, cortex, endodermis and central cylinder of banana 'Silk' and 'Ken Pacovan' were influenced by Si sources. Calcium silicate was more efficient in increasing the thickness of the root epidermis, cortex and central cylinder, while potassium silicate was more efficient in thickening of the endodermis. In general, there were positive correlations among anatomical variable of roots with PI and negative correlations with DI and AUDPC, except for potassium silicate in cultivar Silk. The research conducted with moko disease showed that increase of Si in Silk and Pacovan Ken cultivars caused increase in IP and decreases the DI and AUDPC. At the dosage of 1.0 g L-1 AUCPD was reduced by 27.3%. In cultivar Silk, calcium silicate was more effective than potassium silicate (P≤0.05), while in „Pacovan Ken‟ there was no difference. In both cultivars, plants treated with Si showed, in general, concentrations of chlorophylls a, b and total higher than plants Si- up to six days after inoculation, which may have influenced the disease IP. In general, both the enzymes related to oxidative stress (CAT, SOD and APX), as the plant defense (POX, PPO, CHI and GLU), had increased its activities in plants treated with Si, especially those with calcium silicate, indicating a possible role in reducing the severity of the disease. The supply of Si in micropropagation of banana 'Silk' and 'Pacovan Ken' promoted reduction of Fusarium wilt and moko disease, and therefore can be used as a new technology in the management of these diseases. / Este estudo avaliou o uso do silício (Si) na micropropagação de bananeira „Maçã‟ e „Pacovan Ken‟ visando a redução da severidade da murcha-de-fusário, causada pelo Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense e do moko da bananeira causado por Ralstonia solanacearum raça 2. As mudas de bananeira foram produzidas in vitro com adição de silicato de cálcio e silicato de potássio (0; 0,25; 0,5; 0,75 e 1 g L-1) ao meio de cultivo MS nas fases de multiplicação e enraizamento. Após o cultivo in vitro, as plantas foram transferidas para tubetes contendo substrato acrescido das mesmas fontes de Si, e mantidas em casa de vegetação por 45 dias, quando foram inoculadas com os patógenos. Com relação à murcha-de-fusário, nas cultivares Maçã e Pacovan Ken, a elevação das doses de Si aumentou o período de incubação (PI) e reduziu o índice de doença (IDO) e a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD). Em „Maçã‟ o silicato de cálcio foi significativamente mais eficiente que o silicato de potássio, o que não ocorreu na „Pacovan Ken‟. A concentração de Si na parte aérea e raízes das cultivares, em ambas as fontes, antes e após a aclimatização foi maior na dose de 1,0 g L-1 em relação à testemunha sem Si. Antes da aclimatização, o silicato de cálcio proporcionou maior concentração de Si na parte aérea que o silicato de potássio. O contrário aconteceu com a concentração de Si nas raízes. Após aclimatização, não houve diferença entre o silicato de cálcio e o silicato de potássio, para as duas cultivares. Em geral, para ambas as cultivares e fontes de Si foram observadas correlações positivas da concentração de Si com PI e correlações negativas com IDO e AACPD. Antes e após a aclimatização das plantas, as espessuras da epiderme radicular, córtex, endoderme e cilindro central das bananeiras „Maçã‟ e „Pacovan Ken‟ foram influenciadas pelas fontes de Si. O silicato de cálcio foi mais eficiente no aumento da espessura da epiderme radicular, córtex e cilindro central, enquanto o silicato de potássio foi mais eficiente no aumento da espessura da endoderme. Em geral, foram observadas correlações positivas das variáveis anatômicas das raízes com PI e correlações negativas com IDO e AACPD, exceto para silicato de potássio em bananeira „Maçã‟. Na pesquisa desenvolvida com o moko da bananeira, a elevação das doses de Si nas cultivares Maçã e Pacovan Ken causou aumento no PI e reduções do IDO e AACPD. Na dosagem de 1,0 g L-1, a AACPD foi reduzida em até 27,3%. Em bananeira „Maçã‟ o silicato de cálcio foi mais eficiente que o silicato de potássio (P≤0,05), enquanto na „Pacovan Ken‟ não houve diferença. Nas duas cultivares, plantas tratadas com Si apresentaram, de maneira geral, concentrações de clorofilas a, b e total maiores que as plantas Si- até os seis dias após inoculação, o que pode ter influenciado o PI da doença. Em geral, tanto as enzimas relacionadas ao estresse oxidativo (CAT, SOD e APX), quanto as de defesa da planta (POX, PFO, GLU e QUI), tiveram suas atividades aumentadas nos tratamentos com silício, especialmente naqueles com silicato de cálcio, indicando uma possível participação na redução da severidade da doença. O fornecimento de Si na micropropagação de bananeiras „Maçã‟ e „Pacovan Ken‟ promoveu redução da murcha-de-fusário e moko da bananeira, podendo ser utilizado como uma nova tecnologia no manejo dessas doenças.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-03-22T12:20:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Geane Fontes.pdf: 821903 bytes, checksum: 4445cab0572746ea891f8154c542c186 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-22T12:20:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Geane Fontes.pdf: 821903 bytes, checksum: 4445cab0572746ea891f8154c542c186 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-21 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The fusarium wilt is a major disease in tomato and cause reduction in productivity and product quality. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of Trichoderma species and yeasts as agents biocontrollers of fusarium wilt in tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3. For this, tomato seedlings at 21 days were transplanted to pots containing soil infested with 50 g of substrate colonized with F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and with Trichoderma (8g/vaso). In the experiment aiming at the selection of yeast inoculation was performed by the method of root pruning where tomato seedlings at 21 days were immersed in cell suspension (1.5 x107 cells/mL) of yeast and transplanted to pots, previously infested structures with the pathogen. We also assessed the effect of different dosages of inoculum of Trichoderma (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10g) and different concentrations of yeast (104, 105, 106, 107, 108 cells/mL). The antagonistic activity of Trichoderma in vitro was assessed by base pairing in culture. Antagonism of yeast was performed by means of continuous groove, the center of the Petri dish and two discs culture medium pathogen positioned 0.2 cm from opposite ends of the plate. Of the 48 isolates of Trichoderma tested four (T25, LCB72, LCB80 and LCB 48Te) were the most effective in reducing disease severity, and the isolate T25 promoted the highest level of disease control (71.2%). The values of the effective dose for 50% reduction in disease severity (ED50), the lowest values were presented by isolated LCB 48Te (6.8 g) and LCB80 (7.2 g), indicating that they are more effective in controlling of the disease. Of the 45 tested yeasts, four (Hanseniaspora opuntia, Pichia kluyveri, P. caribbica and P. fermentans) decreased by 100% severity of fusarium wilt. The values of the effective concentration for 50% reduction in disease severity (EC50), the lowest values were presented by isolated 28FR (2.1x106 cells/mL) and 32FR (2.3x106 cells/mL), indicating they are the most effective in controlling the disease. With regard to the production of the four yeast killer phenotype presented as positive. In in vitro tests, Trichoderma T25, LCB72, LCB80 and LCB 48Te completely inhibited the pathogen, and the isolated yeast 39F2B was the most effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of the pathogen. / A murcha-de-fusário é uma das principais doenças na cultura do tomateiro e causa redução na produtividade e qualidade do produto. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de espécies de Trichoderma e de leveduras como agentes biocontroladores da murcha-de-fusário em tomateiro causada por Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, raça 3. Para isto, plântulas de tomateiro aos 21 dias foram transplantadas para vasos contendo solo, infestado com 50 g de substrato colonizado com F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici e com os isolados de Trichoderma (8g/vaso). No experimento visando à seleção de leveduras, a inoculação foi efetuada pelo método do corte de raízes, onde plântulas de tomateiro, aos 21 dias foram imersas na suspensão de células (1,5x107 células/mL) de leveduras e transplantadas para vasos, previamente infestado com as estruturas do patógeno. Também foi avaliado o efeito de diferentes dosagens de inóculo de Trichoderma (2, 4, 6, 8 e 10g) e diferentes concentrações de leveduras (104, 105, 106, 107, 108 células/mL). A atividade antagônica de Trichoderma in vitro foi avaliada através do pareamento de cultura. O antagonismo de leveduras foi realizado, por meio de estria contínua, no centro da placa de Petri e dois discos de meio de cultura do patógeno posicionados a 0,2 cm das extremidades opostas da placa. Dos 48 isolados de Trichoderma testados quatro (T25, LCB72, LCB80 e LCB 48Te) foram os mais eficientes na redução da severidade da doença, sendo o isolado T25 o que proporcionou maior nível de controle da doença (71,2%). Quanto aos valores da dose efetiva para reduzir em 50% a severidade da doença (DE50), os menores valores foram apresentados pelos isolados LCB 48Te (6,8 g) e LCB 80 (7,2 g), indicando serem mais efetivos no controle da doença. Das 45 leveduras testadas, quatro (Hanseniaspora opuntia, Pichia kluyveri, P. caribbica e P. fermentans) reduziu em 100% a severidade da murcha-de-fusário. Quanto aos valores da concentração efetiva para reduzir em 50% a severidade da doença (CE50), os menores valores foram apresentados pelos isolados 28FR (2,1x106 células/mL) e 32FR (2,3x106 células/mL), indicando serem os mais efetivas no controle da doença. Com relação à produção do fenótipo killer as quatro leveduras se apresentaram como positivas. Nos testes in vitro os isolados de Trichoderma T25, LCB72, LCB80 e LCB 48 Te inibiram completamente o fitopatógeno, e o isolado de levedura 39F2B foi o mais eficiente na inibição do crescimento micelial do fitopatógeno

No description available.

[Typewritten] Includes bibliography.

Thesis (M. Sc.) -- Lincoln University, 2009. / Also available via the World Wide Web.

M. Tech. Pharmaceutical Sciences Tshwane University of Technology 2013. / Aims of the present study was to evaluate the inhibitory activities of essential oils against Fusarium isolates and their corresponding biofilms. In this study, the chemical compositions of the oils were established using gas chromatography with both mass spectrometric and flame ionization detection, for identification and quantification, respectively.

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (Fov) was first identified in Australia in 1993, and has since become one of the most significant threats to the country’s thriving cotton industry. The interaction between a unique Australian biotype of Fov and cotton hosts with varying susceptibilities to Fusarium wilt was studied. This research described the infection process and associated host defence mechanisms of two commercial cotton varieties after inoculation with Fov, and quantified their subsequent accumulation of antimicrobial terpenoids. / A rapid, reliable glasshouse bioassay that correlated with field resistance was developed for the study of Fusarium wilt of cotton. Detailed observations of the infection process obtained through light microscopy were used to formulate the disease cycle of Australian Fusarium wilt cotton. Using pathogen growth assays, varietal differences in root exudates and vascular tissues in the cotton hosts were documented. Root diffusate from the most susceptible cotton variety to Fusarium wilt, Siokra 1-4, contained a lipophilic compound that promoted the germination of Fov microconidia. On the other hand, a lipophilic compound present in diffusate from the least susceptible variety, Sicot 189, inhibited the growth of Fov germ tubes. / A bioassay using inoculated whole plants showed that Fov colonisation of the vascular tissues of Sicot 189 was restricted after 3 days. The basis for this inhibition was investigated further using light and transmission electron microscopy. Infection induced the reorganisation of contact cells in host vascular tissue, including an increase in cytoplasmic content and the partitioning of vacuoles, which was concurrent with the accumulation of materials in adjacent vessel lumens, via pits. Histochemical analysis indicated these globular materials secreted into the vessels were terpenoids. These structural and terpenoid responses in Siokra 1-4 and Sicot 189 were similar, however, they were more intense and rapid in the latter, less susceptible variety. The responses in Sicot 189 also corresponded to the time period that pathogen inhibition was observed. Thus, a correlation was demonstrated between the rapid and intense induction of both structural and biochemical responses with decreased susceptibility to Fusarium wilt. Detailed HPLC analysis of vascular tissues confirmed that terpenoids accumulated more rapidly and at higher concentrations in the less susceptible cotton variety. These findings provided strong evidence for the involvement of antimicrobial terpenoids in the determination of Fusarium wilt susceptibility of Australian cotton varieties. / This work represents the most complete survey to date of the interaction of Australian biotypes of Fov with cotton. These insights can contribute to future cotton breeding efforts and cultural management of Fusarium wilt in the field. Thus, each part of this study has advanced complementary facets of our understanding of Fov, and has provided a framework from which future studies on phytoalexins and other putative cotton defences can be studied.

Diss. (sammanfattning). Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Licentiatavhandling (sammanfattning) Alnarp : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2006. / Härtill 2 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)(Genetics)--University of Pretoria, 2003. / Title from opening screen (viewed 8th April, 2005). Includes summary. Includes bibliographical references.