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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Selective Pulse Chase-SILAC Labeling of Three-Dimensional Multicellular Spheroids for Global Proteome Analysis

Beller, Nicole C. 24 September 2020 (has links)
No description available.
2

TNIP1 regulates myddosome dynamics during IL-1β signaling

Gerpott, Fenja Helga Ursel 03 May 2023 (has links)
Die Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) vermittelte Signaltransduktion ist für die akute Entzündung von entscheidender Bedeutung, muss aber gleichzeitig streng reguliert werden. Wie setzt das intrazelluläre IL-1β-Signalnetzwerk den extrazellulären Nachweis von IL-1β effizient in eine präzise und angemessene zelluläre Reaktion um? Welche Kontrollmechanismen kommen zum Einsatz, um eine angemessene Antwort zu gewährleisten und eine Hypo- oder Hyperantwort zu verhindern? Diese Arbeit charakterisiert die IL-1β-vermittelte Signalwegdynamik in EL4-Zellen mithilfe der Immunpräzipitations-Massenspektrometrie (IP-MS), konkret von MyD88, IRAK4 und IRAK1. Statistischer Analysen identifizierten das Interaktom dieser Proteine nach 15-, 30- und 60-minütiger IL-1β-Stimulation, sowie Proteine, die potenziell an der Runterregulierung des IL-1β-Signalwegs beteiligt sind. Um zu verstehen, wie das IL-1β-Signalwegnetzwerk die Translationsmaschinerie in EL4 Zellen beeinflusst, um eine angemessene Reaktion zu gewährleisten, untersuchte ich den IL-1β-abhängigen Proteinumsatz mittels gepulste stabile Isotopenmarkierung durch Aminosäuren in der Zellkultur (pSILAC) in Kombination mit Azidohomoalanin (AHA)- Klickchemie und MS nach IL-1β-Stimulation. Das Ergebnis aller Proteomik-Untersuchungen war die Identifizierung des TNFα-induzierten Proteins 3 (Tnfaip3) interagierendes Protein 1 (TNIP1) als potenziellen Kandidaten für die Herunterregulierung des IL-1β-Signalwegs. Nach IL-1β-Stimulation kolokalisiert TNIP1 mit allen Myddosomen-Proteinen sowie mit der Deubiquitinase Tnfaip3. Mittels CRISPR/Cas9 erzeugte ich eine TNIP1-KO-EL4 Zelllinie. Nach IL-1β Stimulation zeigten TNIP1-KO-Zellen vermehrt phosphoryliertes p65, aber verringertes phosphoryliertes JNK sowie eine langfristig verringerte IL-2-Sekretion. Daher ist TNIP1 nicht nur an der Herunterregulierung des NF-κB-Signalwegs beteiligt, sondern aktiviert auch den MAPK-Signalweg. / Interleukin 1β (IL-1β)-mediated signal transduction is crucial for acute inflammation, but at the same time needs tight regulation. The IL-1β-mediated signal transduction is encoded by the spatial and temporal dynamics of downstream signaling networks. How does the intracellular IL-1β signaling network efficiently convert the extracellular detection of IL-1β into a precise and proportionate cellular response? What control mechanisms apply in order to ensure a proportionate response and pre- vent a hypo- or hyper response? This study characterizes the IL-1β mediated signaling dynamics using immunoprecipitation purification mass spectrometry (IP-MS). specifically, of MyD88, IRAK4, and IRAK1. Statistical analyses identified the interactome of these proteins after 15-, 30-, and 60-minute of IL-1β stimulation, as well as proteins potentially involved in IL-1β signaling downregulation using pathway annotation analysis. Further, in order to understand how the IL-1β signaling network affects the translational machinery in EL4 cells to ensure a proportionate response, , I investigated IL-1β-dependent protein turnover in EL4 cells. Specifically, I applied pulsed stable isotope labeling by amino acids in the culture (pSILAC) combined with azidohomoalanine (AHA)-click chemistry and MS after 30-, 60-, 120- and 240-min of IL-1β stimulation. The result of these proteomics approaches was the identification of TNFα induced protein 3 (Tnfaip3) interacting protein 1 (TNIP1) as a potential candidate in IL-1β signal downregulation. TNIP1 co-localizes with all myddosome proteins and the deubiquitinase Tnfaip3 after IL-1β stimulation. I generated a TNIP1 KO EL4 cell line using CRISPR/Cas9. After IL-1β stimulation, TNIP1 KO cells show increased levels of phosphorylated p65, but decreased levels of phosphorylated JNK as well as decreased levels of long-term IL-2 secretion. Therefore, TNIP1 is not only involved in downregulatory NF-κB signaling but activates MAPK pathway.
3

Global analysis of cellular protein dynamics by pulse-labeling and quanti tati ve mass spectrometry

Schwanhäußer, Björn 05 April 2011 (has links)
Der erste Teil der Arbeit beschreibt die Etablierung einer modifizierten Form des klassichen SILAC-Verfahrens, das in der quantitativen Massenspektrometrie zur Bestimmung von relativen Änderungen in Proteinmengen benutzt wird. Im sog. „pulsed SILAC (pSILAC)“ Verfahren werden Zellen im Zuge einer differentiellen Behandlung in Kulturmedien transferiert, die unterschiedlich Isotop-markierte Aminosäuren enthalten. Da hier die Quantifizierung auf dem Verhältnis der neusynthetisierten Proteinmengen beruht, können gezielt Unterschiede in der Proteinproduktion bestimmt werden. Mit Hilfe von pSILAC konnte im zweiten Teil der Arbeit erstmals quantitativ erfasst werden, welchen Einfluss microRNAs auf die Proteinsynthese ausüben. So konnte gezeigt werden, dass sowohl die Überexpression als auch die Repression einzelner microRNAs die Produktion hunderter Proteine beeinflussen kann. Außerdem konnten Genprodukte identifiziert werden, die ausschließlich translational reguliert werden. Die Messung von Proteinneusynthese ermöglichte auch die Bestimmung von Proteinumsatzraten, dargestellt im dritten Teil der Arbeit. Zusammen mit mRNA-Umsatzraten sowie Protein- und mRNA-Mengen bilden sie die Grundlage für eine dynamische Beschreibung zelluärer Genexpression. Durch den gleichzeitigen Einsatz des Nukleosidanalogons 4-Thiouridin (4sU) und von schweren Aminosäuren (SILAC) konnte eine metabolische Markierung neusynthetiserter mRNAs und Proteine in murinen Fibroblasten erreicht und damit eine Berechnung von Protein- und mRNA-Halbwertszeiten und absoluten Mengen für ca. 5,000 Gene ermöglicht werden. Während mRNA- und Proteinenmengen deutlich korrelierten, war zwischen mRNA- und Proteinhalbwertszeiten nur eine äußerste schwache Korrelation zu erkennen. Dennoch stehen mRNA- und Proteinumsatzraten nicht einem willkürlichen Zusammhang zu einander, da bestimmte Kombinationen von mRNA- und Proteinhalbwertszeiten eine Optimierung von Genen hinsichtlich ihrer biologischen Funktionen erkennen ließen. / The first part of the thesis describes the establishment of a modified version of the classic SILAC approach routinely used in quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) to assay relative changes in protein levels. In the newly-devised approach termed pulsed SILAC (pSILAC) differentially treated cells are transferred to culture medium supplemented with different versions of stable-isotope labeled heavy amino acids. As MS-based relative quantification is exclusively based on the newly-synthesized heavy protein amounts the method enables the detection of differences in protein production resulting from the treatment. The second part of the thesis shows the use of pSILAC to globally quantify the impact of microRNAs onto the proteome. Ectopic over-expression or knock-down of a single microRNA both affected protein production of hundreds of proteins. pSILAC identified several target genes as exclusively translationally regulated as changes in corresponding transcript levels were virtually absent. Measuring newly-synthesized protein amounts with heavy amino acids in a pulsed-labeling fashion has also been used to determine turnover rates of individual proteins, described in the third part of the present work. Along with transcript turnover as well as mRNA and protein levels they are essential for a dynamic description of gene expression. Simultaneous application of the nucleoside analogue 4-thiouridine (4sU) and heavy amino acids (SILAC) to metabolically label newly-produced mRNAs and proteins in mouse fibroblasts resulted in the calculation of mRNA and protein lifetimes and absolute levels for approximately 5,000 genes. While mRNA and protein levels were overall well correlated, a correlation between mRNA and protein half-lives was virtually absent. Yet this seemingly chaotic distribution of mRNA and protein half-lives was highly instructive since specific gene subsets have obviously evolved distinct combinations of half-lives that relate to their biological functions.
4

The cue induced axonal nascent proteome and its translational control mechanisms in neural wiring

Cagnetta, Roberta January 2018 (has links)
Axonal protein synthesis is rapidly regulated by extrinsic cues during neural wiring but the full landscape of proteomic changes and their translational control mechanisms remain unknown. The ability to investigate the nascent proteome on subcellular compartments has been hampered by the low sensitivity of existing methodology on quantity-limited samples combined with the difficulty of obtaining sufficient amounts of pure material. By combining pulsed Stable Isotope Labelling by Amino acids in Cell culture (pSILAC) with Single-Pot Solid-Phase-enhanced Sample Preparation (SP3), I have established an approach to characterize the nascent proteome from quantity-limited somaless retinal axons (~2μg) on an unparalleled rapid time-scale (5 min). The results show that a surprisingly large number of proteins (>350) is translated constitutively in axons, many of which are linked to neurological disease. Axons stimulated by different cues (Netrin-1, BDNF, Sema3A) each show a signature set of up/down newly synthesised protein (NSP) changes (>100) within 5 min. Remarkably, conversion of Netrin-1-induced responses from repulsion to attraction triggers opposite translational regulation for 73% of a common subset corresponding to >100 NSPs. Further, I show that pharmacological increase in cAMP, known to induce chemoattractive response, also leads to rapid and wide-scale remodelling of the nascent axonal proteome (~100 NSP changes). I find that the cAMP-elicited NSP changes underlie the attractive turning but are distinct from those induced by the physiological chemoattractant Netrin-1, suggesting that the same type of chemotropic response can be mediated by different protein synthesis-dependent mechanisms. Finally, I show that Sema3A, but not Slit1, triggers a physiological and non-canonical PERK-eIF2α-eIF2B signalling pathway required in neural wiring to elicit the rapid (< 15 min) local translation control of a specific subset of NSPs. Collectively my findings lead to the general conclusion that guidance molecules rapidly induce cue-specific remodelling of the nascent axonal proteome via distinct regulatory mechanisms.

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