Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal propor um método para design de embalagem que tenha como premissa a sustentabilidade ambiental, social e econômica, com foco em produtos locais. Para tanto, a revisão bibliográfica inclui temas relacionados ao universo da embalagem, como seu histórico, suas classificações e funções, compreendendo seu papel atual no mercado. Também foram investigados os conceitos, métodos e diretrizes a respeito da sustentabilidade, assim como a sua relação com o design e as possibilidades de intervenção dessa atividade visando práticas mais sustentáveis. Ainda foram estudados os métodos gerais de design, a partir dos anos 1960, permitindo visualizar as mudanças ocorridas nas abordagens metodológicas ao longo do tempo. A partir desses, foram investigados também os métodos particulares de design de embalagem e àqueles que relacionam a sustentabilidade em seus procedimentos projetuais. Com base nessa pesquisa bibliográfica, realizou-se uma análise comparativa dos métodos de design de embalagem quanto aos procedimentos adotados e às formas de inserção da sustentabilidade em cada metodologia. Assim, foi possível sistematizar um método para aplicação na fase de coleta de dados, realizada a partir da abordagem qualitativa e da observação participante. O método foi aplicado em um projeto de extensão universitária e no ensino projetual em cursos de graduação em design. A análise dos dados permitiu encontrar os parâmetros que orientaram o desenvolvimento do método final proposto, com base nos principais métodos de design de embalagem, em abordagens sistêmicas e em métodos orientados à sustentabilidade. Assim, a dissertação é concluída com a proposição do método CICLO, composto por 5 fases - Compreender, Idealizar, Configurar, Lapidar e Orientar- e um conjunto de ferramentas e diretrizes que podem ser utilizadas de acordo com a necessidade do projeto de embalagem. Por fim, este método foi compilado em um documento de referência para consultas futuras. / This work' s main objective is to propose a method for packaging design that has as premise the environmental, social and economic sustainability, with focus on local products. To this end, the literature review includes issues related to the world of packaging, such as its history, classifications and functions, including his current role in the market. Also were investigated the concepts, methods and guidelines regarding the sustainability and its relationship with the design and the possibilities of intervention of this activity in arder to more sustainable practices. Were studied the general methods of design, from the 1960, allowing to see the changes in the methodological approaches over time. From these, also were investigated the particular methods of packaging design and those that relate the sustainability in its design procedures. Based on this literature research, the data were analyzed by performing a compara tive analysis of methods of packaging design and the procedures adopted and forms of inclusion of sustainability in each methodology. Thus it was possible to systematize a method for application in the data collection phase, conducted from a qualitative approach and participant observation. The method was applied to a university extension project and design teaching in undergraduate courses. The data analysis allowed finding the parameters that guided the development of final proposed method, based on the main methods of packaging design, systemic approaches and sustainability-oriented methods. Thus, the dissertation is concluded with the proposition of the method CICLO, composed of five phases - Comprehend, Idealize, Configure, Lapida te and Orientate - and a set of tools and guidelines that can be used in accordance with the need for packaging design. Finally, this method has been compiled in a document for future reference.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal propor um método para design de embalagem que tenha como premissa a sustentabilidade ambiental, social e econômica, com foco em produtos locais. Para tanto, a revisão bibliográfica inclui temas relacionados ao universo da embalagem, como seu histórico, suas classificações e funções, compreendendo seu papel atual no mercado. Também foram investigados os conceitos, métodos e diretrizes a respeito da sustentabilidade, assim como a sua relação com o design e as possibilidades de intervenção dessa atividade visando práticas mais sustentáveis. Ainda foram estudados os métodos gerais de design, a partir dos anos 1960, permitindo visualizar as mudanças ocorridas nas abordagens metodológicas ao longo do tempo. A partir desses, foram investigados também os métodos particulares de design de embalagem e àqueles que relacionam a sustentabilidade em seus procedimentos projetuais. Com base nessa pesquisa bibliográfica, realizou-se uma análise comparativa dos métodos de design de embalagem quanto aos procedimentos adotados e às formas de inserção da sustentabilidade em cada metodologia. Assim, foi possível sistematizar um método para aplicação na fase de coleta de dados, realizada a partir da abordagem qualitativa e da observação participante. O método foi aplicado em um projeto de extensão universitária e no ensino projetual em cursos de graduação em design. A análise dos dados permitiu encontrar os parâmetros que orientaram o desenvolvimento do método final proposto, com base nos principais métodos de design de embalagem, em abordagens sistêmicas e em métodos orientados à sustentabilidade. Assim, a dissertação é concluída com a proposição do método CICLO, composto por 5 fases - Compreender, Idealizar, Configurar, Lapidar e Orientar- e um conjunto de ferramentas e diretrizes que podem ser utilizadas de acordo com a necessidade do projeto de embalagem. Por fim, este método foi compilado em um documento de referência para consultas futuras. / This work' s main objective is to propose a method for packaging design that has as premise the environmental, social and economic sustainability, with focus on local products. To this end, the literature review includes issues related to the world of packaging, such as its history, classifications and functions, including his current role in the market. Also were investigated the concepts, methods and guidelines regarding the sustainability and its relationship with the design and the possibilities of intervention of this activity in arder to more sustainable practices. Were studied the general methods of design, from the 1960, allowing to see the changes in the methodological approaches over time. From these, also were investigated the particular methods of packaging design and those that relate the sustainability in its design procedures. Based on this literature research, the data were analyzed by performing a compara tive analysis of methods of packaging design and the procedures adopted and forms of inclusion of sustainability in each methodology. Thus it was possible to systematize a method for application in the data collection phase, conducted from a qualitative approach and participant observation. The method was applied to a university extension project and design teaching in undergraduate courses. The data analysis allowed finding the parameters that guided the development of final proposed method, based on the main methods of packaging design, systemic approaches and sustainability-oriented methods. Thus, the dissertation is concluded with the proposition of the method CICLO, composed of five phases - Comprehend, Idealize, Configure, Lapida te and Orientate - and a set of tools and guidelines that can be used in accordance with the need for packaging design. Finally, this method has been compiled in a document for future reference.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal propor um método para design de embalagem que tenha como premissa a sustentabilidade ambiental, social e econômica, com foco em produtos locais. Para tanto, a revisão bibliográfica inclui temas relacionados ao universo da embalagem, como seu histórico, suas classificações e funções, compreendendo seu papel atual no mercado. Também foram investigados os conceitos, métodos e diretrizes a respeito da sustentabilidade, assim como a sua relação com o design e as possibilidades de intervenção dessa atividade visando práticas mais sustentáveis. Ainda foram estudados os métodos gerais de design, a partir dos anos 1960, permitindo visualizar as mudanças ocorridas nas abordagens metodológicas ao longo do tempo. A partir desses, foram investigados também os métodos particulares de design de embalagem e àqueles que relacionam a sustentabilidade em seus procedimentos projetuais. Com base nessa pesquisa bibliográfica, realizou-se uma análise comparativa dos métodos de design de embalagem quanto aos procedimentos adotados e às formas de inserção da sustentabilidade em cada metodologia. Assim, foi possível sistematizar um método para aplicação na fase de coleta de dados, realizada a partir da abordagem qualitativa e da observação participante. O método foi aplicado em um projeto de extensão universitária e no ensino projetual em cursos de graduação em design. A análise dos dados permitiu encontrar os parâmetros que orientaram o desenvolvimento do método final proposto, com base nos principais métodos de design de embalagem, em abordagens sistêmicas e em métodos orientados à sustentabilidade. Assim, a dissertação é concluída com a proposição do método CICLO, composto por 5 fases - Compreender, Idealizar, Configurar, Lapidar e Orientar- e um conjunto de ferramentas e diretrizes que podem ser utilizadas de acordo com a necessidade do projeto de embalagem. Por fim, este método foi compilado em um documento de referência para consultas futuras. / This work' s main objective is to propose a method for packaging design that has as premise the environmental, social and economic sustainability, with focus on local products. To this end, the literature review includes issues related to the world of packaging, such as its history, classifications and functions, including his current role in the market. Also were investigated the concepts, methods and guidelines regarding the sustainability and its relationship with the design and the possibilities of intervention of this activity in arder to more sustainable practices. Were studied the general methods of design, from the 1960, allowing to see the changes in the methodological approaches over time. From these, also were investigated the particular methods of packaging design and those that relate the sustainability in its design procedures. Based on this literature research, the data were analyzed by performing a compara tive analysis of methods of packaging design and the procedures adopted and forms of inclusion of sustainability in each methodology. Thus it was possible to systematize a method for application in the data collection phase, conducted from a qualitative approach and participant observation. The method was applied to a university extension project and design teaching in undergraduate courses. The data analysis allowed finding the parameters that guided the development of final proposed method, based on the main methods of packaging design, systemic approaches and sustainability-oriented methods. Thus, the dissertation is concluded with the proposition of the method CICLO, composed of five phases - Comprehend, Idealize, Configure, Lapida te and Orientate - and a set of tools and guidelines that can be used in accordance with the need for packaging design. Finally, this method has been compiled in a document for future reference.

Packaging design has historically relied on visual properties to engage the customers and to communicate the product. However, such an approach is non-inclusive and vulnerable to data loss. The current paper supports the notion of a multi-sensory design that integrates multiple communicative properties (visual, auditory, tactual, olfactory and gustatory), in order to make the experience available to everyone, to redu-ce data loss and to contribute to happiness. A decade of studies has proven that a multi-sensory design (MSD) approach, can impact at a cognitive level by contributing to the mental well-being through senso-ry activation and product engagement. Thus, MSD has both an economic and an ecological value. As the United Nations are continuing their efforts to achieve the sustainable development goals, an MSD approach could help reach these goals; mainly Goal 3 Good health and well-being, Goal 12 Responsible consumptions and Goal 13 Climate actions.  The purpose of the current study is to understand how sensory elements are applied, and in what way they are manifested in packaging design today. To achieve the objectives, the current study has applied a quantitative content analysis in order to understand how MSD is applied in packaging design. Moreover, the analysis aimed to understand how sensory properties are used for marketing communication, and to find possible correlations between the level of applied MSD, the product materials and the price. For the analysis, 13 chocolate products from different price ranges were selected; as chocolate consumption is associated with evoking emotions. The content analysis revealed that all sensory properties, with the exception of olfactory, were present on all packages. Although olfactory was found on the packages that used a combination of card-board and plastic materials, the result was non-conclusive. Additionally, the analysis found that visual properties were dominant in marketing communication and that plastic materials emitted most sound. Fur- thermore, the analysis did not find that the higher-price products had more sensory elements.

Titel: Att vara ekologisk - En kvalitativ studie om hur konsumenter ser på ekologiska förpackningar. Författare: Sara Vesterlund och Emmie Wikström Kurs, termin och år: Kandidatuppsats 15 hp, HT 2014 Handledare: Kent Lövgren Antal ord i uppsatsen: 21 297 Problemformulering och syfte: Det är sedan tidigare konstaterat att förpackningens visuella utformning är ett viktigt marknadsförings- och positioneringsverktyg och används för att kommunicera varumärken. Den visuella utformningen är särskilt viktig på förpackningar till lågengagemangsprodukter då tidigare forskning visat att konsumenter ofta väljer förpackningar baserat på deras utseende. För den växande marknaden är det intressant att se hur förpackningen används för att positionera ekologi och ekologiska produkter och hur konsumenter uppfattar ekologiska förpackningars kommunikation. Vårt syfte är att studera hur förpackningarna till ekologiska produkter används för att visuellt kommunicera ekologi, samt undersöka hur konsumenter uppfattar produktförpackningarnas kommunikation av ekologi. Metod och material: De metoder som användes var kvalitativ innehållsanalys för att undersöka de ekologiska förpackningarna samt fokusgrupper för att undersöka konsumenters uppfattning av ekologiska förpackningar. Huvudresultat: Samtliga förpackningar använder olika visuella element för att framhäva ekologi på förpackningen. De förpackningar som bäst stämde överens med konsumenternas associationer av hur en ekologisk förpackning ser ut var de förpackningar som konsumenterna ansåg kommunicera ekologi tydligast. De element som konsumenterna ansåg kommunicera ekologi bäst var naturfärgade material och gröna och bruna färger, samt typografi i handstil. / Problem definition and purpose: It is well known that the visual design of packages is an important marketing and positioning tool used to communicate brand identity. The visual design is particularly important on the packages of low-involement products and previous research have found that consumers often choose packages based on their apperance. It is interesting for the ever growing market of organic products to see how packages is used in positioning organic products and discover how consumers view the communication on organic packages. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the packages of organic products is used to visually communicate ecology, and investigate how consumers view the communication on the packages of organic products. Method and material: The methods used in this study were qualitative content analysis, which was used to analyze the packages and focus groups, which were used to analyze consumers perception of organic packages. Result: All of the analyzed packages used different visual elements to highlight their organic attributes on the package. The packages that best matched the consumers’ inplanted associations of organic products was the packages that was conveyed to best communicate an organic product. The consumers’ idea of a good visual design for an organic product included handwritten typography, natural-colored material and elements in green and brown colors.

Föreliggande studie syftar till att kartlägga vilka designfaktorer som främst förekommer på etiketter hos framgångsrika aleproducenter från olika länder, samt undersöka om konsumenter kan urskilja produktionsland endast genom granskning av etiketten. För att undersöka detta genomfördes en visuell innehållsanalys för att ta fram designfaktorer för fem utvalda länder, varefter fem typexempel skapades. Typexemplen testades på konsumenter via en webbenkät. Slutsatsen är att det i vissa fall går att ta fram ett typexempel och i vissa fall kan en del av konsumenterna se vilket det tänkta produktionslandet är. I majoriteten av fallen gick det emellertid inte att ta fram ett perfekt typexempel och konsumenten kunde inte urskilja det tänkta produktionslandet. / The purpose of the present study is to survey what design elements occur most often in labels from successful producers of ale and analyze if consumers can tell which country the ale has been produced in, only by viewing the bottle label. We completed a visual content analysis to find the design elements for five selected countries, and five representative labels was created. The constructed country labels were tested on the consumer trough a questionnaire study online. The conclusion is that in there is, in some cases, possible to design a representative label and that in some cases some of the consumers can tell which the intended country of origin is. In the majority of cases it was not possible to create a perfect representative and the consumer couldn't tell the intended country of origin.

Idag konkurrerar företagen om att sälja lika produkter, därför är det viktigt att sticka ut och inte smälta in i mängden. I butikerna finns det stor variation av förpackningar och därför har den grafiska designen en betydelsefull roll. Denna studie undersöker teförpackningens grafiska design och om den grafiska designen på teförpackningar har en inverkan på hur konsumenten uppfattar produkten. Denna studie är endast inriktad på teförpackningar som innehåller tepåsar och inte löste i förpackning. Fokus ligger på den grafiska designen på teförpackningens framsida och inte formen av förpackningen. Studien har genomförts med en enkätundersökning och en visuell innehållsanalys. Studien syftar till att ta reda på vad det är i teförpackningens grafiska design som bidrar till hur konsumenten uppfattar produkten. Resultatet av undersökningen visade att produktens märke hade en stor betydelse på hur konsumenten uppfattade produkten och dess design. / The companies of today all compete to sell the same products and it’s important to stand out. There’s a great variety of packaging in the stores and that’s why graphic design play an important role. This study examines the graphic design of the tea packaging and if graphic design on tea packages has an impact on how consumers perceive the product. This study is only focused on tea packages containing tea bags and not loose tea. The focus is on graphic design on the front of the tea package and not the shape of the tea package. The study was implemented with a survey and a visual content analysis. The study aims to find out what it is in the tea packaging graphic design that contributes to how the consumer perceives the product. The results of the survey showed that the brand had a big impact on how consumers perceived the product and its design.

Problem: Even though many types of research were conducted on generic brands, literature about Swedish and Lithuanian students on this perspective is almost nonexistent. Research questions: Which essential factors that shape the intention to purchase or not to purchase generic store brands differ between Lithuanian and Swedish students? What are the differences in the shopping behavior and perceptions of Swedish and Lithuanian students as consumers of generic brands? Does the packaging design highlight any differences between Lithuanian and Swedish students as consumers of generic brands? Methodology: We conducted an anonymous quantitative study. Lithuanian and Swedish students were the only respondents who were applicable for this research. All other respondents were filtered out. Conclusions: Lithuanians and Swedish students are somewhat similar in their intention to purchase generics. We noticed minor differences in their preferences for packaging. Furthermore, students differ in some aspects of shopping behavior and generic products preferences.

A prevenção de resíduos, enquanto estratégia ambiental, tem sido aplicada com sucesso em várias indústrias. Porém, sua aplicação durante a fase de desenvolvimento dos produtos ainda é pouco explorada. A prevenção de resíduos é mais efetiva quando incorporada ao projeto do produto, pois possibilita uma análise dos impactos durante todo o seu ciclo de vida. Os resíduos de embalagens são particularmente preocupantes, pelos materiais utilizados e pelo volume que ocupam nos aterros sanitários. A análise das potencialidades da prevenção de resíduos de embalagens justifica-se pelas características destes resíduos quanto a degradabilidade e volume, e também pela vida reduzida associada às embalagens. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar uma análise das potencialidade da prevenção de resíduos de embalagens com abordagem sobre o seu consumo e seu projeto, através da introdução de considerações ambientais no desenvolvimento de embalagens. Para isso, buscou-se um referencial que permitisse entender os mecanismos do modelo de produção e consumo, as tendências de consumo, o comportamento dos consumidores e sua importância na modificação dos projetos de embalagens. No desenvolvimento de embalagens foram identificadas as alternativas quanto às considerações ambientais durante a fase de projeto. Finalmente, realizou-se uma confrontação entre as possibilidades identificadas e a atual aplicação no mercado nacional e um apontamento das oportunidades não exploradas. Com isso, buscou-se não somente apresentar um panorama sobre a situação brasileira quanto ao desenvolvimento de embalagens com vistas a prevenção de resíduos, como também contribuir para que esta seja realmente implementada. Explorou-se também as características e tendências da legislação ambiental referentes aos resíduos sólidos, tendo em vista ter a legislação papel fundamental na prevenção de resíduos. Várias alternativas de estratégias de projeto de embalagens com considerações ambientais foram identificadas: redução da quantidade de material por embalagem ou número de embalagens, projetar a forma da embalagem visando a facilitar seu transporte, projetar produtos de uso coletivo e compartilhado, produtos concentrados ou desidratados, redução das dimensões físicas dos produtos, projetar produtos mais duráveis e reutilizáveis [redução do uso de recursos - materiais e energia]; priorizar recursos vindos de fontes renováveis, usar materiais biodegradáveis, eliminar o uso de constituintes tóxicos, como metais pesados dos corantes, usar material reciclado [escolha de recursos de baixo impacto ambiental]; projetar para reuso [extensão da vida do produto]; projetar para reciclagem [extensão da vida do material]. Estas alternativas ainda são pouco utilizadas no desenvolvimento de embalagens nacionais. Quanto aos consumidores brasileiros, estes demonstram um baixo nível de priorização e informação quanto às questões ambientais, o que compromete a motivação para o consumo mais consciente. Com relação à legislação brasileira, inexiste uma lei que oriente, em nível nacional, quanto à gestão de resíduos sólidos, uma política nacional de resíduos sólidos, o que compromete a gestão dos resíduos com enfoque na prevenção, embora a tendência dos projetos analisados, com vista à instituição de política de resíduos, é sobre a prevenção de resíduos e a co-responsabilização do setor produtivo pelos resíduos pós-consumo. / Waste prevention as an environmental strategy has been applied with success in many fabrication plants. However, its application at the product design stage remains underexploited. Waste prevention is more effective when incorporated in the product design, since this allows for an impact analysis throughout the product life cycle. Packaging related waste is particularly worrying due to the materials used and the volume they occupy at landfill sites. The analysis of waste prevention potentialities is justified by the degradability and volume characteristics of waste, and also by the short life of packaging. The purpose of this research has been to perform an analysis of potentialities of packaging waste prevention, focusing on packaging consumption and design, by introducing environmental concerns in packaging development. To that end, we have sought a referential that allowed us to understand the production and consumption model, consumption trends, consumer behaviour and its importance in packaging design. In the packaging development, alternatives have been identified relating to environmental considerations at the design stage. Finally, we have confronted the identified possibilities with their current application in Brazil, which highlighted unexploited opportunities. We have attempted to present not only an overview of the brazilian situation in what concerns the design of packaging with a view to waste prevention, but also a contribution so that such strategies can be actually implemented. We have also explored the characteristics and trends of environmental laws concerning solid waste, given the fundamental role of legislation in waste prevention. Several alternative packaging design strategies with environmental concerns have been identified: reduction in the amount of packaging material or reduction in the number of packages; design of packaging shape for easier transportation; design of products for collective and shared use; concentrated or dehydrated products; product size reduction; product design for durability and reusability [reduction in resource consumption - materials and energy]; prioritizing renewable resources; use of biodegradable materials; eliminating the use of toxic materials such as heavy metals in colouring pigments; use of recycled materials [choosing low environmental impact resources]; design for reuse [extending the product lifespan]; design for recycling [extending the lifespan of materials]. These alternatives are still not common in brazilian packaging design. Brazilian consumers, on the other hand, still have a low level of prioritization and information about environmental questions, which compromises motivation for more conscious consumption. There is not a brazilian law or policy for ruling solid waste management on a nationwide level, which compromises the management of waste focusing on prevention, although there is a trend in the analyzed projects towards waste prevention and co-responsibilization of the productive sectors for post-consumption waste.

The successful economic growth and the rapid changing of urban development had changed Singapore from a developing to a developed country. The living environment of Singapore has been changed with in the last 25 years. My thesis mainly describes foods and food markets in Singapore. Due to better educational background, higher consumption power and small family planning, the eating habit of Singaporeans has changed. A lot of young Singaporeans today, don't buy their daily marketing needs from the traditional wet market for they prefer to do their weekly marketing in the comfortable, clean, convenient and air conditioned modern supermarket. With the advance electronic cooking equipment in kitchen, they save time in cooking to buy prepared or instant cooked food from supermarkets, instead of raw foodstuff from the traditional wet markets. These rapid changes of the Singaporeans' life style and eating habit created an opportunity. For me to look into the area that directly or indirectly involved with my professional work as a practicing graphic designer and a design educator. The area I am looking into is 'the value of food packaging'. I realized that the contrast of the traditional foodstuffs selling in traditional wet market and the imported foodstuffs displayed within the modern supermarket, the difference has signaled a strong message. If the traditional foodstuffs still does not improve their dull and unhygienic image to catch up with the rapid changing urban living environment. They will disappear from our dining table sooner or later. My thesis has to reach 2 aims. Firstly, to awake the design students (tomorrow's designer). To be more sensitive towards the local traditional food markets. Discover the values of the local ethnic foodstuffs and going to find out why these delicious and remarkable local foodstuffs been rejected outside of the modern supermarket. To create a new image through packaging design to replace with the original dull and unhygienic image. Secondly, the contents and the criterias of the modern packaging design I proposed within this thesis, could be applicable in the practicing design field, food manufactory and most importantly, in the design institutions / Master of Design (Hons)