A prevenção de resíduos, enquanto estratégia ambiental, tem sido aplicada com sucesso em várias indústrias. Porém, sua aplicação durante a fase de desenvolvimento dos produtos ainda é pouco explorada. A prevenção de resíduos é mais efetiva quando incorporada ao projeto do produto, pois possibilita uma análise dos impactos durante todo o seu ciclo de vida. Os resíduos de embalagens são particularmente preocupantes, pelos materiais utilizados e pelo volume que ocupam nos aterros sanitários. A análise das potencialidades da prevenção de resíduos de embalagens justifica-se pelas características destes resíduos quanto a degradabilidade e volume, e também pela vida reduzida associada às embalagens. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar uma análise das potencialidade da prevenção de resíduos de embalagens com abordagem sobre o seu consumo e seu projeto, através da introdução de considerações ambientais no desenvolvimento de embalagens. Para isso, buscou-se um referencial que permitisse entender os mecanismos do modelo de produção e consumo, as tendências de consumo, o comportamento dos consumidores e sua importância na modificação dos projetos de embalagens. No desenvolvimento de embalagens foram identificadas as alternativas quanto às considerações ambientais durante a fase de projeto. Finalmente, realizou-se uma confrontação entre as possibilidades identificadas e a atual aplicação no mercado nacional e um apontamento das oportunidades não exploradas. Com isso, buscou-se não somente apresentar um panorama sobre a situação brasileira quanto ao desenvolvimento de embalagens com vistas a prevenção de resíduos, como também contribuir para que esta seja realmente implementada. Explorou-se também as características e tendências da legislação ambiental referentes aos resíduos sólidos, tendo em vista ter a legislação papel fundamental na prevenção de resíduos. Várias alternativas de estratégias de projeto de embalagens com considerações ambientais foram identificadas: redução da quantidade de material por embalagem ou número de embalagens, projetar a forma da embalagem visando a facilitar seu transporte, projetar produtos de uso coletivo e compartilhado, produtos concentrados ou desidratados, redução das dimensões físicas dos produtos, projetar produtos mais duráveis e reutilizáveis [redução do uso de recursos - materiais e energia]; priorizar recursos vindos de fontes renováveis, usar materiais biodegradáveis, eliminar o uso de constituintes tóxicos, como metais pesados dos corantes, usar material reciclado [escolha de recursos de baixo impacto ambiental]; projetar para reuso [extensão da vida do produto]; projetar para reciclagem [extensão da vida do material]. Estas alternativas ainda são pouco utilizadas no desenvolvimento de embalagens nacionais. Quanto aos consumidores brasileiros, estes demonstram um baixo nível de priorização e informação quanto às questões ambientais, o que compromete a motivação para o consumo mais consciente. Com relação à legislação brasileira, inexiste uma lei que oriente, em nível nacional, quanto à gestão de resíduos sólidos, uma política nacional de resíduos sólidos, o que compromete a gestão dos resíduos com enfoque na prevenção, embora a tendência dos projetos analisados, com vista à instituição de política de resíduos, é sobre a prevenção de resíduos e a co-responsabilização do setor produtivo pelos resíduos pós-consumo. / Waste prevention as an environmental strategy has been applied with success in many fabrication plants. However, its application at the product design stage remains underexploited. Waste prevention is more effective when incorporated in the product design, since this allows for an impact analysis throughout the product life cycle. Packaging related waste is particularly worrying due to the materials used and the volume they occupy at landfill sites. The analysis of waste prevention potentialities is justified by the degradability and volume characteristics of waste, and also by the short life of packaging. The purpose of this research has been to perform an analysis of potentialities of packaging waste prevention, focusing on packaging consumption and design, by introducing environmental concerns in packaging development. To that end, we have sought a referential that allowed us to understand the production and consumption model, consumption trends, consumer behaviour and its importance in packaging design. In the packaging development, alternatives have been identified relating to environmental considerations at the design stage. Finally, we have confronted the identified possibilities with their current application in Brazil, which highlighted unexploited opportunities. We have attempted to present not only an overview of the brazilian situation in what concerns the design of packaging with a view to waste prevention, but also a contribution so that such strategies can be actually implemented. We have also explored the characteristics and trends of environmental laws concerning solid waste, given the fundamental role of legislation in waste prevention. Several alternative packaging design strategies with environmental concerns have been identified: reduction in the amount of packaging material or reduction in the number of packages; design of packaging shape for easier transportation; design of products for collective and shared use; concentrated or dehydrated products; product size reduction; product design for durability and reusability [reduction in resource consumption - materials and energy]; prioritizing renewable resources; use of biodegradable materials; eliminating the use of toxic materials such as heavy metals in colouring pigments; use of recycled materials [choosing low environmental impact resources]; design for reuse [extending the product lifespan]; design for recycling [extending the lifespan of materials]. These alternatives are still not common in brazilian packaging design. Brazilian consumers, on the other hand, still have a low level of prioritization and information about environmental questions, which compromises motivation for more conscious consumption. There is not a brazilian law or policy for ruling solid waste management on a nationwide level, which compromises the management of waste focusing on prevention, although there is a trend in the analyzed projects towards waste prevention and co-responsibilization of the productive sectors for post-consumption waste.

Orientador: Orlando Fontes Lima Júnior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T23:12:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Noletto_AnaPaulaReis_M.pdf: 6745542 bytes, checksum: 4c74a4fd947964cd5f31038612c35dab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A ocupação maciça das áreas urbanas gera um aumento no número de automóveis e caminhões que transitam nessas áreas, dificultando a circulação e comprometendo a eficiência da distribuição física de bens, criando congestionamentos e desperdício de tempo e dinheiro. A distribuição urbana é hoje um dos principais problemas logísticos ao longo da cadeia de abastecimento. Normalmente, os esforços para aumento da eficiência desta atividade estão voltados para estratégias de transportes e de armazenagem. Pouco se explora neste contexto a embalagem como elemento de racionalização e aumento de eficiência das operações logísticas de coleta e entrega. O objetivo desse trabalho é realizar um estudo exploratório para avaliar o desempenho de sistemas de embalagem sob a ótica da logística. Para essa avaliação foi utilizado o Packaperforma (PPF), metodologia de avaliação do desempenho de embalagens na qual os profissionais envolvidos na cadeia de suprimentos são entrevistados e julgam segundo critérios específicos. Foram estudados três sistemas de embalagens para acondicionamento de molho de tomate com distribuição final ocorrendo em pontos de venda com diferentes portes e localização (dentro ou fora da zona de máxima restrição de circulação). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que não houve diferença de desempenho global entre os sistemas de embalagens nas cadeias de suprimentos analisadas e indicam que, para alguns critérios específicos, pode haver uma correlação de desempenho das embalagens com o roteiro de distribuição e porte do ponto de venda / Abstract: The massive occupation of urban areas has led to increasing number of automobiles and trucks transiting these areas, hampering circulation and reducing the efficiency of physical distribution of goods, creating congestion and a waste of time and money. Presently, urban distribution is major logistical problem along the supply chain. Usually, efforts to increase the efficiency of this activity are focused on transport and storage strategies. In this context, packaging is rarely explored as a promoting element of rationalization and efficiency of the logistics operations of picking up and delivery. The aim of this work is to conduct an exploratory study to assess the performance of packaging systems from a logistics perspective. Packaperforma (PPF) was used for this evaluation. It is a methodology for assessing packaging performance in which professionals involved in the supply chain are interviewed and are asked to judge according to a specific criteria. Three tomato sauce packaging systems were analyzed in which the final distribution occurred at sale points of different size and location (inside or outside the zone of maximum restriction circulation). The results showed no difference in overall performance between packaging systems in supply chains analyzed and indicated that, for some specific criteria, there might be a correlation between the performance of the packaging, the distribution route and point of sale size / Mestrado / Transportes / Mestra em Engenharia Civil

In graphic design, colours can be used to communicate a message and attract attention. In book design, colours convey the content, just like they communicate the product’s information in packaging design. The purpose of this study is to analyse how colours have been used on book covers to convey the content, within the topic of health. A quantitative content analysis was made on the book covers of the top 11 bestsellers in Sweden. The colour theory analysis is based on Shigenobu Kobayashi’s work in Colour image scale. The result found that neutral hue was the one that was most commonly used. Additionally, the analysis revealed some correlation between the book content and the colour combination on the book covers. For example, a book related to finding happiness had a colour combination that matches a casual and natural lifestyle. Although the analysis offered some insight within the subject of colour and book design, further studies are needed in order to understand the extent of how colours are being used towards communicating the content.

Titel: Förpackningens betydelse - En kvantitativ studie om en förpacknings påverkan på konsumenters köpvilja beroende på färg och form Nivå: Examensarbete på Grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i huvudområdet företagsekonomi. Författare: Lovisa Kallsen Lannerbäck & Fana Hakobian Handledare: Patrik Sörqvist Datum: 2021 - maj Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur kombinationen av designelementen färg och form kan påverka konsumenters köpvilja. Metod: Studien antar ett positivistiskt synsätt och en deduktiv ansats. Studien har vidare en kvantitativ strategi och en kvasiexperimentell design. Data har samlats in genom en enkät och har analyserats i statistikprogrammet SPSS.  Resultat & slutsats: Resultatet har visat att det finns en statistisk säkerställd interaktion mellan färg, form och köpvilja. Resultatet har även påvisat att könsidentitet har en effekt på orsakssambandet men inte ålder. Examensarbetets bidrag: Studien har bidragit till det empiriska material som finns gällande preferenser för färg och form, hur färger och former av en förpackning interagerar med varandra samt hur de påverkar konsumenters köpvilja Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Forskning om preferensskillnader mellan olika åldrar, främst för form. Genomföra en liknande studie som inkluderar frågor som tar reda på vilka känslor/tankar respondenterna får från olika stimuli. Eventuellt genomföra en liknande studie men med utökade variabler eller andra variabler helt och hållet. Nyckelord: Förpackning, förpackningsdesign,  konsumentbeteende, köpvilja / Title: The importance of packaging -  a quantitative study of the impact of a package on consumers' willingness to buy depending on colour and shape Level: Student thesis, final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration. Authors: Lovisa Kallsen Lannerbäck & Fana Hakobian Supervisor: Patrik Sörqvist Date: 2021- May Aim: The purpose of the study is to investigate how the combination of the design elements shape and color can affect consumers' willingness to buy. Method: The study assumes a positivistic research philosophy and a deductive approach. The study also has a quantitative strategy and a quasi-experimental design. Data has been collected through a survey and has been analyzed in the statistical program SPSS. Result & conclusions: The results have shown that there is a statistically significant interaction between color, shape and willingness to buy. The results have also shown that gender identity has an effect on the causal relationship, but age does not.  Contribution of the thesis: The study has contributed to the empirical material that exists regarding preferences for color and shape, how colors and shapes of a package interact with each other and how they affect consumers' willingness to buy.  Suggestions for future research: More research on preference differences between different ages, mainly for shape. Conducting a similar study that includes questions that are intended to find out what feelings/thoughts the respondents have when they are presented with the different designs. Possibly conduct a similar study to this one but with expanded variables or different variables altogether. Key words: Packaging, packaging design, consumer behavior, willingness to buy

In mobile and handheld consumer electronic markets, product use conditions drive the requirement for mechanical strength and device durability. The majority of relatively large form factor electronic components in a laptop, mobile internet device, PDA, or mobile phone use an adhesive as a stiffener to help protect the component from physical stresses imposed by daily wear and tear. Described herein is an innovative solution referred to as Solid State Pre-Formed Electronics Adhesive (SPEA), which enables a decrease in circuit board manufacturing throughput time while increasing mechanical durability with a consistent and characterized adhesive application process. Today, many consumer electronic ODM's (Original Design Manufacturers) and CM's (Contract Manufacturers) use a liquid adhesive dispensed after placement of an electronic component within the SMT (Surface Mount Technology) process. On average, this adds up to 60 seconds to the throughput time of a typical motherboard as the material needs to be applied and then cured. In addition, the current adhesive dispense application process is not tightly controlled and is highly variable depending on operator, material type, and circuit board density. Data will demonstrate that the effect of the adhesive deposition profile and consistency in application directly affects repeatable margin increase gains in a dynamic stress event. In partnership with a specialty chemical company, a unique thermoset epoxy compound was designed to provide maximum component to circuit board interconnect strength while maintaining its form at ambient temperatures. When applied to electronics manufacturing, the compound has the following advantages over current solutions: 1. Reduced Manufacturing Processing Time: Enables a solution that can be transitioned transparently into a circuit board manufacturing facility which reduces the average processing time for a typical device motherboard. 2. Improved Application Repeatability: Enables a solution that increases adhesive deposition consistency and placement repeatability, critical in achieving improved dynamic performance. 3. Delivers a Reference, Characterized Solution: Current industry adhesive application techniques and materials vary widely and component manufacturers cannot validate reliability performance with a confident baseline. This is due to the high variability of performance in commercially available adhesives. SPEA provides a characterized adhesive solution with a clear baseline margin increase on which to evaluate dynamically stressed system performance. The need to continually increase the resistance to component damage through dynamic testing is a critical aspect to consider given market trends and device roadmaps. Large component manufacturers have the opportunity to further embed themselves into untapped markets where portability and performance converge and drive the need for more robust packaging solutions. The development and application of SPEA will continue to maintain silicon and packaging reliability as consumer devices continue to shrink, becoming ever more portable.

This thesis deals with the development of my own brand, primarily by defining the basic and important information on the topic. Introduces the development of their own brand, its name, logo, color, character and visual forms. A key element of the silkscreen printed prototypes paper products and their presentation on the Web.

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The cheerleader effect refers to the phenomenon that individual faces are experienced to be more attractive when presented in a group than when presented alone. The cause of this is thought to be the way the human brain stores information and summarizes individual faces of the group into an average face which in turn is perceived as more attractive than the individual face would be if examined alone. In this essay the cheerleader effect will be tested on another kind of face, the faces of packaging. In this study the cheerleader effect will be tested on food packaging to see if effect is applicable in the packaging area. The effect is tested through a survey and the result suggest that the cheerleader effec might work on packaging. However, in many cases the opposite seems to be true, packaging presented individually get higher ratings. Because of this I cannot recommend that packaging designers trust the cheerleader effect to improve the experienced attractiveness of their design.

I denna uppsats analyseras nio stycken förpackningar för bindor från tre olika varumärken; Always, Ica och Libresse. Detta för att se hur de visuella attributen påverkar föreställningen om menstruation och den menstruerande personen. Förpackningar har olika roller men i denna uppsats är det rollen som kommunikatör som står i fokus, alltså den envägskommunikation som förpackningarna står för. Analysen har skett i två steg med en visuell analys samt en diskursanalys och grundar sig i ett genusvetenskapligt perspektiv med teorier som till största del följer den inriktningen. Att det ligger vissa förväntningar i vad en kvinna förväntas föredra för visuella attribut har påverkat designen av dessa förpackningar och därmed föreställningen om menstruationen. De visuella attributen som identifierades på förpackningarna uttrycker att menstruation är något som bör hanteras. Det är helst något som man inte vill bli påmind om och därför distanseras sig från. Förpackningarna visar tydliga indikationer på att de riktar sig till kvinnor och den menstruerande kvinnokroppen anses som något problematiskt. Att den biologiska kroppen samt dess funktioner inte är det som avgör hur man själv upplever sin könsidentitet samt hur den ska definieras, är något som genomsyrar hela denna uppsats.

The food we eat has a big impact on the environment, and the global food chain is estimated to make up one third of all global emissions. In the future we will need to decrease the climate impact our food consumption has on the planet and therefore we must adjust to novel foods with a lower CO2-footprint. This thesis aims to research how two Swedish-produced novel minced meat substitute products are marketed and presented to the Swedish consumer through semiotics and discourse analysis. The visual presentation of these products’ packaging design and website information was analysed through annotated observation and interpreted through discourses based on three central themes: Swedishness, sustainability and minced meat. The analysis demonstrated that representations of all three themes are used in order to build a narrative through storytelling. The results of the analysis indicate that the central themes are used in order to convey a sense of naturalness and authenticity, as well as making the product recognisable to the consumer.