Title Objectives: Methods: Results Key words Comparative analysis of chosen muscles in locomotion through shoulder girdle The aim of this study is to describe and to compare selected exercises performer during indoor training toward the canoe forward stroke. The research was conducted in an intentionally chosen sample of ten probands with high level of performance in whitewater slalom. We watched activity of ten selected muscles during canoe forward stroke, on simulator, diagonal pull, stretch of arms with elastic resistance, dumbbell pulls and pull ups by surface electromyography. Study evaluates intraindividual and subsequently interindividual the size of the muscle activation considering reference movement, forward stroke on flat water. The results proved similarities of the forward stroke and on simulator in terms of average muscle activation. M. latissimus dorsi shows higher activation during canoe forward stroke, on simulator, stretch of arms with elastic resistance, dumbbell pulls compared with other tested exercices. locomotion through the shoulder girdle, shot, canoeing, paddling, electromyography, muscular activity

I en analys av Lidatorp, en mindre tätort i Nynäshamns komun, kom man fram till att aktivering av de kringliggande naturområde för rekreativa ändamål skulle ha en positiv inverkan på samhället både i form av välbefinnande och motion samt attraktion till området från regionen. Området runt Lidatorp-Björsta har på många sätt potential för friluftsaktivitet samt fungera som nod i ett större friluftssammanhang. Här passerar bland annat Sörmlandsleden och även föreningar såsom Ösmoscoutkår, Friluftsfrämjandet och Nynäshamns Brukshundsklubb saknar egna lokaler samt ett aktivt engagemang för sporter som klättring och paddling gör att ett center för friluftsliv och motion skulle vara ett önskat tillägg till området. Projektet ska bidra till att ge lokala medborgare, scouter, skolelever och sportintresserade nya möjligheter till ett aktivt friluftsliv i skolan eller fritiden. Ett klassrum i skogen samt en redskapsbank med cyklar, tält, camping utrustning, stormkök, kanoter, flytvästar etc. ska tillgängliggöra naturen och rörelse till fler. Mötesrum och lokaler för föreningsverksamhet ligger i anslutning för att göra byggnaden till en plats fylld av aktivitet hela dagen. Centret är menat att bli ett uppskattat utflyktsmål som vill främja intresset för att vistas och motionera i naturen strategiskt placerad med anknytning till pendeltåg från Stockholm och buss från Nynäshamn och Ösmo. Gestaltningen har präglats av att försöka tackla en svår terräng men samtidigt ha en försiktighet till landskap och natur där byggnaden ska relatera till och samspela. Programmet har styrt layouten av planen med huvudaktiviteterna som klättercentret (som öppnar upp för klättring på berghäll inomhus), kanothuset och samlingslokalerna som huvudnoder där terrängen både skapat utmaningar och möjligheter.  En annan huvudidé vid gestaltningen har varit att bevara en sorts känsla av en traditionell friluftsstuga trots ett stort program. Genom att leka med tanken om flera stugor sammansvetsade i en rad som sedan krängts och vridits till att följa terrängen likt en stig, har de skilda aktiviteterna i byggnaden länkats samman. Denna slingrande byggnadskropp har sedan lyfts upp på ben likt en varelse som vandrar uppför sluttningen den står på. Detta möjliggör för rumsligheter runt om och under byggnaden samt uppfyller önskan om varsamheten till landskap och natur. Den struktur som lyfter upp byggnadskroppen har inspirerats av de temporära surrade strukturer som oftast dyker upp vid scout- och friluftssammanhang där rep och slanor (stockar) brukas för att konstruera diverse sovplatser, torn, broar, matplatser och byggnadsverk. / In an analysis of Lidatorp, a smaller settlement in Nynäshamn municipality, it was concluded that activation of the surrounding nature area for recreational purposes would have a positive impact on society both in terms of well-being and exercise as well as regional attraction. The region around Lidatorp-Björsta exhibits significant potential for outdoor activities and can serve as a node within a larger sports and outdoor context. Notably, the presence of Sörmlandsleden and local associations such as Ösmoscoutkår, Friluftsfrämjandet, and Nynäshamns Brukshundsklubb, lacking their own premises, along with an active commitment to sports like climbing and paddling, underscores the need for a dedicated center for outdoor life and exercise in the area. This proposed project aims to provide local citizens, scouts, school students, and sports enthusiasts with new opportunities for active outdoor lifestyles during both school hours and leisure time. A classroom in the forest and an equipment bank stocked with bicycles, tents, camping equipment, canoes, life jackets, etc. will make nature and sports available to more people. The presence of adjacent meeting rooms and spaces for association activities enhances the vibrancy of the building, ensuring a constant buzz of activity throughout the day. The strategic location of the center, with convenient connections to commuter trains from Stockholm and buses from Nynäshamn and Ösmo, aims to establish it as a popular destination for excursions, promoting interest in outdoor activities and exercise in nature. The design has been characterized by trying to tackle a difficult terrain but at the same time being cautious towards the existing landscape and nature. The layout of the plan has been influenced by the program's requirements, with key activities such as the climbing center (providing indoor bouldering), the canoe house, and the meeting rooms serving as primary nodes that respond to both challenges and opportunities presented by the terrain. Furthermore, an important design principle has been to evoke the atmosphere of a traditional cabin despite the large-scale program. By conceptualizing the building as a series of interconnected cabins, adapted and contoured to mimic a forest trail, the distinct activities within the facility are seamlessly linked. This winding body is elevated on legs not unlike a creature ascending the slope it stands on. This allows for spaciousness around and under the building and fulfills the desire for cautiousness towards the surrounding landscape and nature. The framework that suspends the building is inspired by the temporary lashed structures commonly found in scouting and outdoor contexts where ropes and logs are utilized to construct various shelters, towers, bridges, dining areas, and structures.

In Old West Norse there is mention of an Arctic skin and osier boat, which was paddled with Old West Norse (húð)keipr, diminutive keipull, formed on Germanic *kaip- ’bend, unfold’ according to the construction method. In East Norse there was a corresponding wooden boat, e.g. Swedish själ-myndrick, formed on mynda verb ‘paddle’ (&lt; Primitive Norse *mundian ‘aim at a certain goal, take aim’). In the provinces south of this verb’s area of distribution there occurs instead svepa verb ’paddle’ (&lt; Primitive Germanic *swaipōn ‘swing’). The earliest instances of Nordic rowing navigation are found in Norway and Denmark. Instances of rowing in the Baltic area are found on some picture stones from about the 6th century. But oarlocks with a grommet were probably used already for the steering oar in the paddled boats of the Bronze Age. An early oarlock (with a grommet) is that made of a goose-necked piece of wood, Old Swedish hār, Old West Norse hár (&lt; *hanhu-, *hanha- ‘branching, fork of a branch’) and Old West Norse keipr (&lt; *kaip- ‘something with a crooked or bent (-back) shape’. The word hár exists as a first element in Old Swedish hā-band ‘oar-loop’, Old West Norse há-bora ‘oar-port’ etc. Old West Norse keipr ‘oarlock’ has no ancient compounds. East Nordic hamna (&gt; Finnish hamina), Old Danish hafnæ (Old Frisian hevene) and West Nordic hamla (Faroese homla, Old English hamele, hamule) ‘oar-loop’ occurred early on the oarlock with a grommet; hamna may be a derivation of the stem in Primitive Norse *haƀan verb ‘hold (fast)’, alternatively *hafna- ‘clasp something’; hamla derives from a Germanic *hamilōn with the meaning ‘bridling band’. Centrally in the Nordic area hamna (Danish havne) and hamla ‘oar-loop’ were also used denominatively with the meaning ‘row pushing in a hamna/hamla (oar-loop)’. In addition there is the Swedish dialectal sväva (~ sveva, svävja) ‘row (back, break etc.) with pushing rowing’ and in the group of older verbs for rowing there is East Swedish hopa &lt; Primitive Norse *hōƀian ‘fix one’s eyes upon a certain goal (in the distance)’. With word formations on Germanic *þulna- ‘wooden plug’ there arose from the Middle Ages and in the North Sea countries a new terminology for the oarlock: Norse tull, toll ‘oarlock with a thole pin’. Even younger concepts are tullgång ‘oarlock with two thole pins’, årklyka, årgaffel ‘oar crutch’. A distinctive trait of Old Swedish hār and hamna, Old West Norse hár and hamla and keipr and other common words for the oarlock is in these words the shift of meaning ‘oarlock of a specific kind’ &gt; ‘almost any kind of oarlock’. Finally, the question arises whether or not the word svear of a tribe by Lake Mälaren could be tied to the paddling through a connection to the stem of the verbs svepa and sväva. / <p>Ingår även i serie: Studier till en svensk dialektgeografisk atlas, 8</p>

Title: Posterior chain muscle endurance and arm paddling peak power in amateur female surfers Objectives: Thesis is dedicated to female surfing, particularly paddling, as this is an undiscovered area of research. Very few studies have been carried out, which would focus on muscle activity in surfing. None of the studies focused on posterior chain or muscle activity of female surfers while paddling. Not only that the level of competitive surfing is increasing rapidly, as it will be part of Olympic Games in Tokyo in 2020, but the recreational surfers are also becoming more literate about surf science and willing to improve their surfing performance by dry land surf specific trainings. Surfing industry represents a worldwide business, where big companies offer sponsorship, which is reasonable motivation for young athletes (M. Mendez-Villanueva & Bishop, 2005). As the number of recreational and competitive female surfers is raising as well, the level of competitive female surfing is increasing (Booth, 2001) and professional female surfers are becoming equal in regards to getting the same amount of prize money in competitions, more research should be dedicated to female surfing. The aim of this thesis was to study association between posterior chain endurance and other variables such as frequency of...

Les personnes vivant avec des déficiences physiques et des incapacités fonctionnelles associées, qui utilisent un fauteuil roulant comme principal mode de locomotion (UFR), sont confrontées à des difficultés dans leur vie quotidienne. En conséquence, leur participation à des activités récréatives et de loisirs s’avère souvent entravée. Une telle situation accélère le développement ou l'exacerbation de problèmes secondaires liés à la santé physique et au bien-être psychologique, créant ainsi un cercle vicieux d'inactivité. De plus en plus de preuves scientifiques démontrent que l'activité physique adaptée (APA) permet aux UFR d'atténuer, voire de surmonter, ces problèmes. Bien qu’un large éventail de sports adaptés soit disponible, les activités de pagaie adaptées n’ont reçu que très peu d’attention à ce jour. L’identification et la modélisation des facteurs influençant leur pratique sont cruciaux dans l’objectif de promouvoir la participation à des activités de pagaie adaptées. Cette étude visait à développer un nouveau modèle conceptuel des facteurs influençant la pratique des activités de pagaie adaptées en utilisant un processus articulé autour de quatre phases : 1) une recherche systématisée de la littérature et une synthèse des principaux modèles conceptuels disponibles en APA, 2) la conceptualisation d'un modèle préliminaire pour la participation à des activités de pagaie adaptées, 3) la validation de ses construits et de leurs interactions par trois experts de l'APA et deux experts scientifiques indépendants afin de cocréer le modèle final (c.-à-d. Le modèle montréalais d'activités de pagaie adaptées - M2APA) et 4) le test de l'applicabilité du M2APA auprès de trois UFR ayant déjà participé à des activités de pagaie adaptées. Sur la base de cette démarche, le M2APA offre un modèle complet cartographiant les principaux facteurs personnels et environnementaux à prendre en compte dans la pratique d'activités de pagaie adaptées. En outre, le M2APA fournit des indications pour promouvoir la participation à des activités de pagaie adaptées et ainsi, renforcer l'inclusion sociale des UFR. / Individuals with physical impairments and related disabilities who use a wheelchair as their primary mode of locomotion (WCUsers) face challenges in their daily lives that interfere with meaningful recreational and leisure participation. This accelerates the development or exacerbation of physical health and psychological well-being difficulties, thus creating a vicious cycle of inactivity. Emerging evidence suggests that adapted physical activity (APA) allows WCUsers to mitigate, even overcome, these difficulties. Nowadays, though broad ranges of adapted sports are available, adapted paddling activities have received limited attention. Identifying and modeling the factors influencing their practice remains crucial to further promote adapted paddling activities. This study aimed to develop a novel conceptual model of factors influencing the practice of adapted paddling activities using a four-phase process: 1) the systematized search of the literature and a synthesis of currently-available conceptual models in APA practice, 2) the conceptualization of a preliminary model for the practice of adapted paddling activities, 3) the validation of its construct and content by three APA experts and two independent scientific experts to co-create the final model (i.e., Montreal Model of Adapted Paddling Activities – M2APA) and 4) the testing of the applicability of the M2APA with three WCUsers who previously practiced adapted paddle boarding. Based on these findings, the M2APA offers a comprehensive model allowing one to map key personal and environmental factors needing consideration for the practice of adapted paddling activities. Moreover, the M2APA provides insights to promote participation into adapted paddling activities and, ultimately, strengthen social inclusion of WCusers.