The aim of child health care is to promote health and development for all children, to early identify problems that concern children´s growth and development and to prevent ill-health among children. Today in our society the proportion of children who are underweight are few. The aim with this study was to describe paediatric nurses experience in meeting with underweight children and their parents. Interviews were implemented and analyzed according to qualitative content analysis. Focus was placed on looking at differences and interpretations in the text content. The analyse resulted in six main categories, such as a need of sensitivity and a holistic view from the nurse, difficulties in handling the meeting because lack of tools. A positive experience which facilitated the meeting was the emotional sensitivity from the parents. In their work the nurses used different facilities. It was also described how the nurse influenced the meeting with the family. It would be desirable to have guidelines for how to handle underweight children. / Övergripande syftet för verksamheten inom barnhälsovården är att främja hälsa och utveckling hos alla barn, att tidigt kunna identifiera problem som rör barns tillväxt och utveckling samt att förebygga ohälsa hos barn. Andelen barn som är underviktiga i dagens samhälle är få. Syftet med studien var att beskriva BVC-sjuksköterskors efrarenheter i möten med underviktiga barn och deras föräldrar. Intervjuer genomfördes och analyserades enligt kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Fokus lades på att se skillnader och likheter i textinnehållet. Resultatet av analysen beskrevs i sex huvudkategorier. Det framkom att det krävdes en stor lyhördhet för de enskilda individerna av sjuksköterskan och att sjuksköterskan upplevde det som svårt att hantera mötet på grund av brist på redskap. Ändå upplevdes det som positivt då föräldrarna var lyhörda för sjuksköterskornas råd. Det framkom även att sjuksköterskorna upplevde en stor oro hos föräldrarna och att sjuksköterskorna arbetade utifrån en helhetssyn på barnen. I sitt arbete med det undervikitga barnet använde sig sjuksköterskan av olika hjälpmedel och de beskrev även hur sjuksköterskan påverkar mötet med familjen. Det vore önskvärt att det arbetades fram ett vårprogram med riktlinjer för omhändertagandet av underviktiga barn.

<p>The aim of child health care is to promote health and development for all children, to early identify problems that concern children´s growth and development and to prevent ill-health among children. Today in our society the proportion of children who are underweight are few.</p><p>The aim with this study was to describe paediatric nurses experience in meeting with underweight children and their parents. Interviews were implemented and analyzed according to qualitative content analysis. Focus was placed on looking at differences and interpretations in the text content. The analyse resulted in six main categories, such as a need of sensitivity and a holistic view from the nurse, difficulties in handling the meeting because lack of tools. A positive experience which facilitated the meeting was the emotional sensitivity from the parents. In their work the nurses used different facilities. It was also described how the nurse influenced the meeting with the family.</p><p>It would be desirable to have guidelines for how to handle underweight children.</p> / <p>Övergripande syftet för verksamheten inom barnhälsovården är att främja hälsa och utveckling hos alla barn, att tidigt kunna identifiera problem som rör barns tillväxt och utveckling samt att förebygga ohälsa hos barn. Andelen barn som är underviktiga i dagens samhälle är få.</p><p>Syftet med studien var att beskriva BVC-sjuksköterskors efrarenheter i möten med underviktiga barn och deras föräldrar. Intervjuer genomfördes och analyserades enligt kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Fokus lades på att se skillnader och likheter i textinnehållet. Resultatet av analysen beskrevs i sex huvudkategorier. Det framkom att det krävdes en stor lyhördhet för de enskilda individerna av sjuksköterskan och att sjuksköterskan upplevde det som svårt att hantera mötet på grund av brist på redskap. Ändå upplevdes det som positivt då föräldrarna var lyhörda för sjuksköterskornas råd. Det framkom även att sjuksköterskorna upplevde en stor oro hos föräldrarna och att sjuksköterskorna arbetade utifrån en helhetssyn på barnen. I sitt arbete med det undervikitga barnet använde sig sjuksköterskan av olika hjälpmedel och de beskrev även hur sjuksköterskan påverkar mötet med familjen.</p><p>Det vore önskvärt att det arbetades fram ett vårprogram med riktlinjer för omhändertagandet av underviktiga barn.</p>

BACKGROUND: Inadequate information from health professionals to parents is an issue in the Swedish paediatric care today. Paediatric nurses have an important role in making parents more involved in their child's care. Promoting co-care, communication and information is essential, which can be possible when nurses are working together with other health professionals and the child's parents. PURPOSE: To explore parents' experiences of information given to them at a neonatal care unit. METHOD: This studies design is qualitative explorative and based on survey's collected from two different neonatal care units in Sweden. The material was analysed according to a content analysis based on codes, meaningful units and categories. RESULT: Parents' needs of information varies depending on the situation and their emotional condition. The way health professionals communicate affects the information given to the parents. Adherence, continuity and honesty were elements parents found essential to be able to understand and process the information that was given at the neonatal care unit. CONCLUSION: The paediatric nurse's knowledge can help and calm parents by informing them about what is happening and why. It is important that as a health professionals use a language that the parents understand and give information continuously. The parents' also find it meaningful to get information from the paediatric nurse regarding details about nursing and routines on the ward. / BAKGRUND: Bristfällig information från vårdpersonal till föräldrar är idag ett problem inom svensk barnsjukvård. Barnsjuksköterskan har en viktigt del i att göra föräldrar involverade i sitt barns vård genom att informera dem om händelser och omvårdnad. Tillsammans med annan vårdpersonal och föräldrar kan en samskapande omvårdnad främjas där kommunikation och information är nyckeln. SYFTE: Att utforska föräldrars upplevelser av information som ges på neonatalvårdsavdelning METOD: Studien är av kvalitativ explorativ design, baserad på insamlade enkäter från föräldrar som haft barn inlagda på två olika neonatalvårdsavdelningar i Sverige. Analysen av materialet gjordes enligt en innehållsanalys baserad på koder, meningsbärande enheter och kategorier. RESULTAT: Föräldrars behov av information varierade beroende på situationen och deras emotionella tillstånd. Hur vårdpersonalen kommunicerade påverkade den information som gavs till föräldrarna. Följsamhet, kontinuitet och ärlighet ansåg föräldrar vara viktigt för att kunna förstå och ta till sig information kring sitt barn då de var på neonatalvårdsavdelningen. SLUTSATS: Barnsjuksköterskans kunskap kan lugna föräldrar genom att informera om vad som händer och varför. Det är viktigt att som vårdpersonal använda sig av ett språk som föräldrarna förstår och att ge kontinuerlig information. Betydelsefullt för föräldrar är att få information av barnsjuksköterskan kring omvårdnadsdetaljer och fasta rutiner.

The work of nurses in the outpatient department belongs between discussed topics. The interplay and cooperation of all members of the medical team are especially important. Correct communication between all team members and communication with children and their accompaniment are also a matter of course. The aim of this diploma thesis is to map the work of a nurse in a comprehensive view in the outpatient area of the children's ward, the satisfaction of children and parents in the outpatient area of the children's ward and to suggest possible improvements for the outpatient sphere of the children's ward of České Budějovice a.s. The diploma thesis is processed by qualitatively quantitative investigation using semi-structured interviews, questionnaires and observations. The research group consisted of nurses, doctors, paediatric patients and their accompaniment at the children's ward, paramedics and the general public as well. The interviews were categorized and processed by the method of pencil and paper. Questionnaires were processed statistically. The hidden participating observation was focused on the collaboration and communication of nurses from outpatient department with other nurses, doctors, paramedics, children and their accompaniment; and it was also focused on the satisfaction of the children or their accompaniment at the outpatient department. The results of the work showed that the view of the work of the paediatric nurse is distorted both from the health care professionals and the general public, which means that the nurse is seen mainly as a nursing care provider. The results also showed the necessity of proper communication and knowledge of foreign languages. At the same time, the thesis was used to identify shortcomings or suggestions for changes in the paediatric outpatient department of the České Budějovice Hospital, including the satisfaction of patients and their accompaniment during visiting the department that depends on the time spent in the waiting room. Suggestions for improvement were drawn up, drafted and handed over to the children's ward management.

Bakgrund: Varje år vårdas tio procent av alla nyfödda barn på neonatalavdelning. Föräldrar till prematurfödda barn känner sig ofta oförberedda i föräldraskapet då födseln ofta uppstår plötsligt. Ett av de behov föräldrar upplever på en neonatalavdelning är att få tillgång till information. Tidigare forskning har visat att det är viktigt för anknytningen att föräldrarna tidigt får tillgång till information. För att hjälpa föräldrar att få tillgång till information som är individanpassad har applikationen Neo föräldrastöd tagits fram. Syfte: Att beskriva föräldrars erfarenheter av att använda applikationen Neo Föräldrastöd. Metod: Förbättringsarbete med kvalitativ design. Data samlades in genom tio semistrukturerade intervjuer med föräldrar som använt sig av applikationen Neo föräldrastöd. Data analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Tre huvudkategorier framkom: Användbarheten av applikationen Neo föräldrastöd beskriver säkerheten i applikationen samt faktorer som underlättade och försvårade användandet; Innehållet i applikationen Neo föräldrastöd beskriver hur föräldrar upplevde att ha tillgång till tillgänglig och anpassad information samt vilken information som uppskattades och saknades; Betydelsen för föräldrarna att använda applikationen Neo föräldrastöd beskriver hur applikationen kunde bidra till både positiva och negativa känslor för föräldrarna, samt vilket stöd applikationen Neo föräldrastöd bidrog med efter utskrivning. Slutsats: Föräldrarna ansåg att applikationen Neo föräldrastöd var säkert och användarvänligt. De uppskattade att informationen var individanpassad och alltid tillgänglig. Något som upplevdes som ett hinder för att använda sig av applikationen Neo föräldrastöd var om barnets hälsotillstånd var ostabilt. / Background: Every year about ten percent of all newborn children end up needing specialist neonatal care. Parents of prematurely born children are often left unprepared to face the challenges this brings, and often struggle accessing relevant related information. Research has shown the crucial importance of early access to such information, and to aid and support these parents an application called Neo Parental Support (Neo Föräldrastöd) has been developed. Purpose: To discuss parents’ experiences of their use of the Neo Parental Support application (Neo Föräldrastöd). Method: Qualitative design. Data was collected through a series of interviews of relevant parents having used the application Neo Parental Support. This data was then further analysed through use of qualitative content analysis. Results: Three main categories emerged. The usability of the Neo Parental Support application describes application security, its functionality, and other factors influencing ease of usage. The content of the Neo Parental Support application discusses the user experience from a content perspective in terms of what valuable content was available, as well as areas where content could be enhanced. The importance of parents using Neo Parental Support application describes how the application could contribute to both positive and negative feelings for the parents, as well as what support Neo parental support contributed after discharge. Conclusion: The parents considered that the Neo parental support application was safe and user-friendly. They appreciated that the information was personalized and always available. Something that was perceived as a barrier to using the Neo parental support application was if the child´s state of health was unstable.

One of the most common complaints of mothers at the paediatrician's is complaint about the night sleep disorder, especially in older infants and toddlers. Long-term insomnia of a child negatively affects well-being of parents and disrupts peaceful atmosphere of home. We often encounter sleep disorders in babies; mostly they are frequent nocturnal awakenings and difficulty falling asleep. Parents should be therefore informed about sleep issues already at neonatal units, as they are informed about breastfeeding. The target group of this research was mothers of infants and nurses working at neonatal units and in primary paediatric care. The aim of the study was to determine the level of awareness of paediatric nurses and parents about infant sleep and create educational material for nurses. The survey was carried out using a snow ball technique, in-depth interviews with mothers and a questionnaire with open questions for nurses. Collected data were then transcribed, coded, and processed using frame analysis by. Then, using the snow ball method, we gradually extended the sample to 7 mothers of unsleepy infants and 7 mothers of sleepy infants, i.e. to cases that were supposed to strongly manifest the problem. Also, paediatric nurses were selected intentionally according to their place of work at neonatal departments and in primary paediatric care. Parents receive information about infant sleep most often on the Internet, from specialized books and from their own mothers and friends; and they usually do not ask nurses for information on infant sleep. Parent only find out at home that there is a problem with their child's sleep. They tend to try various interventions to lull their baby to sleep. Research has shown that the most common source of knowledge for nurses is their personal experience with their own children. Nurses also use their rich experience gained during long years of practice. Furthermore, they educate themselves in this issue using specialized books, visiting seminars, and they also use the internet. Nurses' advice to mothers regarding infant insomnia is shown in two perspectives in our research. The first is the perspective of mothers and the second one is the perspective of nurses. Surprisingly, there are discrepancies, especially regarding the nurses in primary care. Interventions that were reported by nurses coincide with working techniques of lulling a baby to sleep. In contrast, some interventions which were described by mothers as advice from a nurse rather indicate ignorance or indifference of some nurses. The research showed that the quality of infant sleep may be to some extent influenced by the information given to parents already at neonatal unit by medical staff, because they are in the best position to provide such information. However, mothers often choose different sources. The research has shown that mothers usually instinctively select proper techniques to lull restless infants to sleep without consulting a paediatric nurse. These results have prompted the development of an educational leaflet for nurses which informs about proper practices and appropriate techniques to lull restless unsleepy infants to sleep.

This thesis deals with the history and present state of the education of paediatric nurses and their attitudes towards their own profession. The first objective was to find out information regarding the education in the nursing profession in Bohemia, with a focus on child care, and to create an overview of the education in the profession Paediatric Nurse. The second objective was to find out about the attitudes of paediatric nurses towards their profession. Interviewed were sisters who chose the profession after finishing elementary school and underwent qualifying studies as well as nurses who chose the profession after graduating from a secondary school or university education and achieved their education through specialization studies. The last objective was to compare these two groups and to assess whether there are any differences between them. The theoretical background of the thesis defined basic concepts such as the definition of education, education in nursing, a profession, and attitude towards a profession. Documents related to education since the foundation of nursing education to the present were also used and studied. The chapters on the status of nursing staff and its employment chances focus on the development of the relationship to the profession and shaping attitudes towards it. In the research part of the thesis, the collected information related to education and derived from archival documents, literature, laws and regulations is presented. The results can be used as a basis for creating educational material focused on the history of the field and intended for the education of paediatric nurses to strengthen their identification with the profession. The thesis also presents interviews with in-service paediatric nurses where they express their views on the work in the field and their attitudes towards their profession. The results of the interviews are documented and organized so that it is possible to assess whether there are any differences between these groups. The anticipated differences can be used for further investigation focused on attitudes to the profession. Verified knowledge could then be used for training paediatric nurses aimed at creating desired attitudes towards the profession.

Bakgrund: Barnsjuksköterskor omfattas av anmälningsskyldighet redan vid misstanke om ett barn far illa. Risk finns för att etiska svårigheter kan förhindra eller påverka beslutet om en orosanmälan. Forskning inom ämnet visar att illafarande hos barn kan leda till psykisk och fysisk ohälsa och i värsta fall död. För att dessa barn skall få tillgång till stöd samt för att förstå varför underrapporteringar av orosanmälningar föreligger är det betydelsefullt att förstå vad som påverkar barnsjuksköterskan i beslutsprocessen.  Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva barnsjuksköterskans erfarenheter av beslutsprocessen kring orosanmälan vid misstanke om barn som far illa. Metod: Kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats tillämpades. Barnsjuksköterskor från öppenvård och slutenvård valdes genom bekvämlighetsurval och semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes. Antal år inom professionen varierade och arbetsplatserna gav en geografisk spridning över hela Sverige. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys genomfördes enligt Elo och Kyngnäs. Resultat: I resultatet framkom tre generiska kategorier: Att känna osäkerhet i beslutsprocessen, Behov av stöd i beslutsprocessen samt Orosanmälans påverkan på vårdrelationen. Barnsjuksköterskornas erfarenheter av att göra en orosanmälan visade att det kunde vara ett svårt beslut. Känslor av osäkerhet och rädsla för eventuell framtida påverkan på vårdrelationen eller barnsjuksköterskans eget privatliv var något som försvårade beslutsprocessen. Slutsats: Barnsjuksköterskorna beskrev anmälningsplikten som diffus, vilket gav rum för egen tolkning. Därför är det viktigt att utbildning och tydliga riktlinjer tillhandahålls.

Current state: Congenital cataract is an ophthalmic disorder where the clouding of the lens causes defect in its transparency and light dispersion. The child experiences a visual impairment that can be examinated depending on the age and mental state of the child. The treatment is removal of the clouded lens, subsequent correction of dioptric defects and subsequent training and monitoring of amblyopia. Purpose: of this study was to describe the roles of paediatric nurse in nursing care of children with congenital cataract and the specifics in nursing care in this condition, based on reviewed material. The following research problems were explored: What are the roles of paediatric nurse in nursing care of children with congenital cataract? What are the specifics in nursing care of children with congenital cataract? Methods: In order to reach the goal set by this study we used qualitative data and study analysis. This study implements data sources from National Medical Library in Prague, the Academic Library of University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, the library of 2. LF UK and FN Motol in Prague and the library of National center of nursing and non-medical health providers in Brno. Moreover the study reviewed the material from bibliographic databases (Cochrane Library, Ebscohost, Medscape, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus) and online databases of medical associations of ophthalmology (The American Academy of Ophthalmology, The Royal College of Ophthalmologists). Results: The goal of this study is to provide a comprehensive view on nursing care of children with congenital cataract. Conclusion: Even though the role of paediatric nurse in nursing care of children with congenital cataract is rather neglected in current literature, it is crucial in all forms of healthcare. In conclusion we define the role of paediatric nurse in nursing care of children with congenital cataract and description of the specifics of this care.

Pregnancy is a period full of changes. The perception of life values by the woman and her partner are varied, changes in the life style are encountered and their roles in the life are also altered. The pregnant woman feels that nothing will be like before. She is very sensitive and also easily vulnerable. Contrastingly to the routine prenatal care, prenatal psychology searches for answering questions what the feelings in the pregnancy are in terms of the psychosocial situation, and what the impacts of this course on the newborn condition after the delivery are. The scope of the work is aimed at the importance and forms of the prenatal attachment, course and its impact on the newborn. The targets of the Diploma Work entitled "Effects of the psychosomatic situation of pregnant women on the child prenatal development" are as follows: 1) to assess the pregnant woman psychosomatic situation, 2) to evaluate the influence of psychosomatic situation on prenatal development of child 3) to determine the measure of the pregnant woman (dis)comfort throughout three trimesters and 4) to evaluate the newborn condition after the delivery. Thirty pregnant women were addressed. Fifteen women reflected on the proposal and agreed with completing an anonymous standardized scale. The respondents were contacted within a period of February 2017 to February 2018. The research sample group included the women and their newborns. The choice was intentional. The women completed the Freybergh scale, which is focused on monitoring the psychosocial situation of pregnant women. It comprised 70 questions divided into seven categories. They were answered through the mediation of a compiled web reference at http://mail.scac.cz/mrIWeb/mrIWeb.dll?I.Project=V31_TEHOTENSTVI_PORIZOVANI. The statistically processed results indicated the measure of the deprivationof pregnant women in particular trimesters and condition of the newborn after the delivery based on the pregnancy experienced. The Atlas programme was employed for the qualitative research to develop an anchored statement. From the sample group of 15 women and their 405 answers, 2% of answers were recorded corresponding to an intermediate degree of deprivation. Every respondent suffered frommild deprivation. The results of the present study will find their applications particularly to branches of prenatal psychology and gynaecology. They will serve as pilot results for a CEP project planned.