Euterpe edulis Martius, conhecida popularmente por palmeira juçara, é considerada espécie chave da Mata Atlântica. A exploração predatória para o corte do palmito tem ocasionado o seu desaparecimento em regiões de ocorrência natural. Visando a proteção e reversão do quadro de extinção, projetos de desenvolvimento sustentável tem incentivado a exploração da polpa de seus frutos e a comercialização das sementes remanescentes do processo de despolpa. Contudo, não há relatos sobre a qualidade fisiológica das sementes submetidas ao processamento agroindustrial da polpa. Diante disso, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos de diferentes métodos de despolpa dos frutos no desempenho fisiológico das sementes, possíveis danos causados ao embrião e consequências quanto à tolerância à secagem das sementes. Para tanto, frutos maduros de Euterpe edulis coletados manualmente de dois locais e em duas épocas distintas constituíram dois lotes. Para avaliar as consequências dos fatores de despolpa na qualidade fisiológica das sementes foram realizados tratamentos em arranjo fatorial 2x2, sendo 2 formas de pré-condicionamento dos frutos, com e sem imersão em água, e 2 métodos de despolpa, manual e mecânico, para cada lote. Para o lote 01 utilizou-se imersão em água a 40 ± 2 °C por 20 minutos e para o lote 02 foi utilizada imersão em água a 55 ± 2 °C por 20 minutos. Foram avaliadas a percentagem de emergência de plântulas, primeira contagem de emergência de plântulas, velocidade de emergência de plântulas, comprimento da parte aérea de plântula e massa de matéria seca de plântula. As sementes dos tratamentos com imersão prévia em água, despolpadas mecanicamente e sem imersão prévia, despolpadas manualmente, foram submetidas à secagem contínua, a intervalos de 3% a partir do teor de água inicial. Os tratamentos resultantes da secagem foram acompanhados por meio de imagens radiográficas e avaliados pelos mesmos parâmetros descritos anteriormente. Os métodos de despolpa com frutos imersos em água a 40 ± 2 °C por 20 minutos apresentam desempenho fisiológico superior quando comparados àqueles sem imersão prévia dos frutos. A imersão em água a 55 ± 2 °C é prejudicial e ocasiona a morte das sementes. A forma de extração da polpa, manual ou mecânica, não influencia o desempenho fisiológico das sementes. Para despolpa mecânica não há redução na percentagem de emergência de plântulas para teor de água de até 33,3% e a redução no teor de água a 16,1% é letal às sementes. A secagem das sementes despolpadas manualmente até 39,0% de água não prejudica a emergência de plântulas e teor de água inferior a 25,6% apresenta-se letal. / Euterpe edulis Martius, popularly known as the Juçara palm, is considered a key species of the Atlantic Forest. Predatory exploitation to extract palm hearts has caused the disappearance of this species in its native habitat. In order to protect and reverse this extinction process, sustainable development projects have encouraged the use of the fruit pulp and commercialization of the seeds remaining after the de-pulping process. However, there are no data on the physiological quality of seeds submitted to agro-industrial de-pulp processing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different fruit de-pulping methods on seed physiological performance, on the possible damage caused to the embryo and on the consequences of drying tolerance. Mature Euterpe edulis fruits were manually collected from two localities at two different times, constituting two lots. A 2x2 factorial design was used to evaluate de-pulping on seed physiological quality, with 2 treatments of fruit pre-conditioning, with and without immersion in water, and two depulping treatments, manual and mechanical, for each lot. The seeds of lot 1 were immersed in water at 40 ± 2 °C for 20 minutes and at 55 ± 2 °C for 20 minutes for lot 2. The following parameters were evaluated: percentage seedling emergence, first emergence count, emergence speed, length of the aerial part of the seedling and seedling dry weight. The seeds from the treatment of previous water immersion and mechanical de-pulping and the treatment without previous water immersion and manual de-pulping, were continuously dried at 3% intervals starting from the initial moisture content. The resulting dried treatments were X-rayed and evaluated using the same parameters described earlier. The de-pulping methods for fruits immersed in water at 40°C for 20 minutes showed a better physiological performance compared to those without previous immersion. The immersion in water at 55 °C resulted in seed mortality. The de-pulp extraction method, whether manual or mechanical, did not affect seed physiological performance. Mechanical de-pulping showed no reduction in percentage seedling emergence for moisture content up to 33,3% but reduction in moisture content to 16,1% was lethal to seeds. Drying of manually depulped seeds until 39,0% moisture content did not adversely affect seedling emergence whereas a moisture content of less than 25,6% was lethal.

Avaliar a sensibilidade de sementes de pupunha à dessecação, por meio do teste de raios X e do teste de emergência de plântulas, determinando-se os níveis crítico e letal de tolerância à dessecação, foi o objetivo deste estudo. A perda de água das sementes foi monitorada e os tratamentos constituídos pela tentativa de decréscimo de 3% do teor de água do anterior, a partir do inicial (testemunha), até o mínimo de 11%; assim, o número de tratamentos teve relação direta com o teor de água inicial das sementes e cada tratamento foi representado por quatro repetições de 50 sementes. Após a secagem, as sementes foram radiografadas, determinados os espaços internos vazios e submetidas ao teste de emergência de plântulas em areia. As sementes de pupunha ao atingirem 36,4% de teor de água, durante o processo de secagem, têm o seu potencial fisiológico afetado negativamente (teor de água crítico) e, com o avanço do processo de secagem a partir de 12,2% ocorre a morte das sementes. O teste de raios X é eficaz na avaliação da morfologia interna das sementes durante a secagem. À medida que aumenta o espaço interno vazio diminui o potencial fisiológico das sementes e acima de 30% não ocorre a emergência de plântulas. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensibility of peach-palm seeds to desiccation and determine the critical and lethal levels for tolerating desiccation by using X-ray and seedling emergence tests. Water loss from the seeds was monitored and the treatments consisted of progressive 3% reductions in water content commencing with the control values until a minimum of 11% was reached; therefore, the number of treatments was directly related to the initial seed water content and each treatment was represented by four replications of 50 seeds. After drying, the seeds were X-rayed, the internal empty spaces determined and the seeds submitted to a seedling emergence test in sand. Peach-palm seeds dried to 36,4% of moisture content have reduction on physiological potential (critical level for tolerance desiccation); increased drying after 12.2% results in seed mortality. The X-ray test is effective in internal morphology evaluation of the peach-palm seeds as drying increased. As the internal empty space increases in the seeds, the physiological potential decreases; there is no seedling emergence when the internal empty space is greater than 30%.

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-02-29T16:51:18Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) PDF - Ivandro de Oliveira Pinto.pdf: 1922660 bytes, checksum: c320af3d0b809e92111764c23ad06586 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-06-13T20:31:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 PDF - Ivandro de Oliveira Pinto.pdf: 1922660 bytes, checksum: c320af3d0b809e92111764c23ad06586 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-13T20:31:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 PDF - Ivandro de Oliveira Pinto.pdf: 1922660 bytes, checksum: c320af3d0b809e92111764c23ad06586 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The importance of the cultivation of cactus to the ranchers of the semi-arid northeast is due not only because she was dryland plant and therefore more potential for exploitation, but there is little use of fodder in the form of silage and hay in rainy periods. This forage is the only way to feed the flock in most localities of Paraíba semiarid region. The cochineal carmine (Dactylopius opuntiae) is decimating a large part and some places of the entire contents of this forage important. In view of this, it was necessary to carry out a quantitative diagnosis and / or quality of cultivated areas with traditional and its revitalization palm, with the introduction of new varieties resistant to this pest, in rural Caturité and Boqueirão, both located in micro eastern Paraiba cariri, which is the main objective determination. The territorial clipping understood twenty farms, ten located in the municipality of Caturité (7 25 '20' 'S; 36º01'41''W) and ten in Boqueirão (7º29'75' 'S, 36º07'87''W) being georeferenced using GPS and Google Earth satellite images. The diagnosis was the application of structured and semi-structured interviews and observations on the spot. Data analyzes were performed using statistical distributions of central tendencies measurements, dispersion and frequency. The main results show that the herd feeding is limited basically spineless cactus. The presence of cochineal carmine occurred between mid-2009 and 2010 and the decimation of palmais was very fast. The mealybug infestation levels Carmine are the order of 90% of palmais and Palm revitalization have proved the only alternative. However, in quantitative terms, the revitalized areas are much smaller than those of traditional cultivation. The plantations are recent and, therefore, the new varieties are still in the testing phase. Still, some producers reporting low productivity, while not withstand drought and have very thorn. The age range of respondents over 40 years, 60% have not either primary education and family income is low. Perception is almost unanimous about the importance of palm in the feeding of livestock, although unknown different by-products of palm. Most ranchers have not socioeconomic status and techniques to restore the area planted with traditional palm and therefore has no way to keep the flock and income to ensure a sustainable way their rural enterprise. There is a need to implement public policies to revitalize the cactus resistant cochineal carmine in Caturité and Boqueirão, to ensure the people in the countryside and therefore the dairy region of said micro. / A importância do cultivo da palma forrageira para os agropecuaristas do semiárido nordestino se deve não somente por ser ela uma planta xerófita e, portanto, com maior potencial de exploração, mas por que há pouco aproveitamento de forragens, em forma de silagem e feno, nos períodos chuvosos. Essa forrageira é a única alternativa para alimentar o rebanho na maioria das localidades do semiárido paraibano. A cochonilha do carmim (Dactylopius opuntiae) vem dizimando uma grande parte e, alguns locais, da sua totalidade dessa importante forrageira. Diante disto, houve a necessidade de se efetivar um diagnóstico quantitativo e/ou qualitativo das áreas cultivadas com a palma tradicional e da sua revitalização, com a introdução de novas variedades resistente a essa praga, na zona rural de Caturité e Boqueirão, ambas localizadas na microrregião do cariri oriental da Paraíba, sendo esse o objetivo principal da pesquisa. O recorte territorial compreendeu vinte fazendas, sendo dez localizadas no município de Caturité (7º 25’ 20’’ S; 36º01’41’’W) e dez em Boqueirão (7º29’75’’ S, 36º07’87’’W), sendo georeferenciadas, usando GPS e imagens de satélites Google Earth. O diagnóstico consistiu na aplicação de questionários estruturados e semiestruturados, entrevistas e observações in loco. As análises dos dados foram feitas usando-se distribuições estatísticas de medidas de tendências central, de dispersão e de frequência. Os principais resultados mostram que a alimentação do rebanho limita-se, basicamente, a palma forrageira. A presença da cochonilha do carmim ocorreu entre meados de 2009 e 2010 e a dizimação dos palmais foi muito rápida. Os níveis de infestação da cochonilha do carmim são da ordem de 90% dos palmais e à revitalização da palma têm-se revelado a única alternativa. No entanto, em termos quantitativos, as áreas revitalizadas são bem menores que as de cultivo tradicional. Os plantios são recentes e, por isso, as novas variedades ainda estão em fase de testes. Mesmo assim, alguns produtores relatam baixa produtividade, além de não resistir à seca e ter muito espinho. A faixa etária dos entrevistados é acima de 40 anos, 60% não tem se quer o ensino fundamental e a renda familiar é baixa. A percepção é quase unânime sobre a importância da palma na alimentação dos rebanhos, embora desconheça os diferentes subprodutos da palma. A maioria dos pecuaristas não tem condição socioeconômica e técnicas para recompor a área plantada com a palma tradicional e, portanto, não tem como manter o rebanho e a renda que garantam de forma sustentável o seu empreendimento rural. Há necessidade de pôr em prática as políticas públicas de revitalização da palma forrageira resistente à cochonilha do carmim em Caturité e em Boqueirão, a fim de garantir o homem no campo e, consequentemente, a bacia leiteira da referida microrregião.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2018-01-25T12:42:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007 - Marco Aur?lio Soares Pinheiro.pdf: 727221 bytes, checksum: 4a4a5210bea956397c8eb8b3c6ed9487 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-25T12:42:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007 - Marco Aur?lio Soares Pinheiro.pdf: 727221 bytes, checksum: 4a4a5210bea956397c8eb8b3c6ed9487 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-30 / The present study was developed at Santuary of Silvester Life, Serra da Conc?rdia, Valen?a (RJ), aiming to collect informations which can subsidize the handling and the preservation of Euterpe edulis at the Atlantic Forest; to study the floristics and the structure of a secondary forest, which was submited to enrichment; to valuate the E. edulis development in a plantation of enrichment, and to confirm the viability of development of palm cabbage culture in impacted forestal remainings. Were used collecting of floristic and phytosociological facts in two parcels of 20x50m. It was estimated the viability of plantation of enrichment with E. edulis by analysing the growth in two parcels of 20x50m. It was established four classes of size of exposed stirps (C1= up to 0,5m; C2 from 0,5 to 1,5m; C3 from 1,3 to 3,0m and C4 from 3,0m on and with circumference at chest level (CAP) > 15cm). Each parcel was devided in ten subparcels of 10x10m, in which all palm cabbage plantation of (C4 class) had their CAP measurings and exposed etirps height taken.In each subparcel of 10x10m it was allocated a subparcel of 4,0x4,0m, where the individuals of the classes C1,C2 and C3 have had their measurings of diameter of colon, CAP and height of stirps taken. All palm cabbage were identified with aluminium plate printed in low relief and fixed with copper nails.The parcel 1 can be found at the bottom of the region nearby a stream, while the parcel 2 can be found almost 50m above the first parcel. It has been done two measurings in an interval of six months and, at the and of this period, it had been estimated the percentage of survival and of changing of class. The analyses of growth in each sample, and also between one another was done by the non parametric test of Kruskal-Wallis. The fragment was characterized by the index of similarity and diversity, by Margalef with some other seven remainings of Atlantic Forest with different degrees of impactation and distincts successional stages. It was also compared some abiotic characteristics between the fragments. The individuals of C1; C2 and C3 from parcel1 were significantly grown, speaking about the diameter of colon. The individuals of the same classes of parcel 2 have not had an expressive growth, but there have had a significative growth in height of exposed stirps for these classes. The C4 from parcel 1 were grown concerning to the CAP, but those one of the parcel 2 didn?t. Speaking about the height of stirps in both of the parcels, the growth was very significative. The percentage of survival were about 95,8% and 100% in the parcels 1 and 2, respectively. / O presente estudo foi desenvolvido no Santu?rio de Vida Silvestre, Serra da Conc?rdia, Valen?a (RJ), com o objetivo de coletar informa??es que possam subsidiar o manejo e a conserva??o de Euterpe edulis na Floresta Atl?ntica; estudar a flor?stica e a estrutura de uma floresta secund?ria submetida a enriquecimento; avaliar o desenvolvimento de E. edulis em plantio de enriquecimento e confirmar a viabilidade do desenvolvimento da cultura de palmito em remanescentes florestais impactados. Foram utilizados levantamentos flor?stico e fitossociol?gico em duas parcelas de 20x50m. Avaliou-se a viabilidade do plantio de enriquecimento com E. edulis atrav?s de an?lise de crescimento em duas parcelas de 20x50m. Foram estabelecidas quatro classes de tamanho de estipe exposta (C1=at? 0,5m; C2 de 0,5 a 1,5m; C3 de 1,3 a 3,0m e C4 acima de 3,0m e com circunfer?ncia a altura do peito (CAP) 15cm) Cada parcela foi dividida em dez subparcelas de 10x10m, onde todos os palmiteiros da classe C4 tiveram suas medidas de CAP e altura de estipe exposta tomadas. Em cada subparcela de 10x10m foi alocada uma subparcela de 4,0x4,0m, em que os indiv?duos das classes C1, C2 e C3 tiveram suas medidas de di?metro de colo, CAP e altura de estipe tomados. Todos os palmitos foram identificados com placas de alum?nio impressas em baixo relevo e afixadas com pregos de cobre. A parcela 1 se encontra em regi?o mais baixa, pr?xima ao c?rrego, enquanto que a parcela 2 se localiza cerca de 50m acima da primeira parcela. Foram feitas duas medi??es com intervalo de seis meses e, ao final deste per?odo, foram calculados os percentuais de sobreviv?ncia e de mudan?a de classe. A an?lise do crescimento em cada amostra, e tamb?m entre elas, foi feita atrav?s do teste n?o param?trico de Kruskal-Wallis. Caracterizou-se o fragmento atrav?s do ?ndice de similaridade e diversidade de Margalef com outros sete remanescentes de Mata Atl?ntica com diferentes graus de impacta??o e est?gios sucessionais distintos. Tamb?m foram comparadas algumas caracter?sticas abi?ticas entre os fragmentos. Os indiv?duos de C1, C2 e C3 da parcela 1 cresceram significativamente quanto ao di?metro de colo. Os indiv?duos das mesmas classes da parcela 2 n?o tiveram crescimento significativo, mas houve crescimento significativo em altura de estipe exposta para estas classes. Os C4 da parcela 1 cresceram quanto ao CAP, mas os da parcela 2, n?o. Quanto ? altura de estipe, em ambas as parcelas o crescimento foi significativo. Os percentuais de sobreviv?ncia foram de 95,8% e 100% nas parcelas 1 e 2, respectivamente.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T15:14:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoThaisC_M_Vidal.pdf: 1761672 bytes, checksum: 12a7a566e09e7a937be5c142af17092b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-21 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Concern about the depletion of traditional fossil fuels and the resulting greenhouse effect caused by the use of these have become increasingly larger, which makes it necessary to search for alternative sources of clean energy generation. This study aims to determine the production of biogas by mixing waste agribusiness banana and palm pupunha, besides the analysis of effluents and subsequent verification of the reduction of the organic load of the raw materials used. Were used in batch digesters, made with PVC and fed different levels of mixtures of biomass, enabling the qualitative and quantitative verification of biogas obtained. Average yields significant biogas, up to 39,29 and 29,60 L and loads that reached up to 73,96 % reduction was found. / A preocupação com o esgotamento das tradicionais fontes de energia fósseis e com o consequente efeito estufa gerado pela utilização dessas têm se tornado cada vez maior, o que torna necessária a busca de fontes alternativas de geração de energia limpa. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a produção de biogás através da mistura de resíduos da agroindústria de banana e de palmito pupunha, além da análise dos efluentes e posterior verificação da redução da carga orgânica das matérias-primas utilizadas. Foram utilizados biodigestores do tipo batelada, feitos com PVC e alimentados com diferentes teores de misturas das biomassas, possibilitando a verificação qualitativa e quantitativa do biogás obtido. Foram encontradas médias produções de biogás significativas, de até 39,27 e 29,60 L e reduções de cargas que chegaram a até 73,96 %.

Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhland e Mauritia flexuosa Mart. são espécies utilizadas no artesanato do capim-dourado, típico da região do Jalapão (TO). Os escapos de S. nitens são costurados com fibras extraídas das folhas jovens de M. flexuosa, para a confecção de cestarias, mandalas e bijuterias. Nesse contexto, pretendeu-se estabelecer o diálogo entre saberes locais e científicos sobre tais espécies. Levantou-se os conhecimentos locais e as percepções dos artesãos em relação ao buriti e capim-dourado em duas comunidades quilombolas: Mumbuca e Prata, localizadas respectivamente nos municípios de Mateiros e São Félix do Tocantins (TO). Por meio de pesquisa qualitativa, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, observação participativa e grupos focais. Em relação ao capim-dourado, a análise de conteúdo, realizada por recorte temático, evidencia afirmações e indagações relacionadas ao fogo, à variação morfológica e à produção de sementes; já sobre o buriti, destaca-se a distinção realizada entre indivíduos \"buriti-macho\" e \"buriti-fêmea\", em palmeiras ainda em estado vegetativo. A partir desses resultados, houve a associação com a produção científica disponível sobre as espécies, tanto quanto com a elaboração de perguntas científicas ligadas aos temas que se destacam no levantamento do conhecimento local. Os resultados dessa associação dos saberes locais e a produção cientifica destacam a pluralidade de perspectivas sobre essas espécies da flora brasileira: capim-dourado e buriti, o que enriquece o diálogo entre conhecimento local e científico e debates sobre ações rumo à conservação da biodiversidade e sua relação com ações de educação ambiental / Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhland and Mauritia flexuosa Mart. species are used in the golden grass crafts, typical of the Jalapão (TO) region. The stalks of S. nitens are sewn with fibers extracted from young leaves of M. flexuosa, for making baskets, mandalas and costume jewelry. In this context, the research sought to establish a dialogue between local and scientific knowledge about these species. Local knowledge and perceptions of artisans regarding the golden grass and the buriti palm were surveyed in two quilombola communities: Mumbuca and Prata, located respectively in the municipalities of Mateiros and São Félix do Tocantins (TO). Through qualitative research semi-structured interviews, participative observations and focus groups were conducted. Regarding the golden grass, content analysis shows assertions and questions related to golden grass fire management, morphological variations and seeds production; as for the buriti palm, the local distinction of male and female buriti, made in vegetative individuals was highlighted. Based on these results, not only it was possible to make associations with scientific bibliography available on both species, but also it inspired knew scientific questions about S.nitens and M. flexuosa. Moreover, these results highlight the plurality of perspectives on the two species from Brazil\'s flora: golden grass and buriti palm. Finally, it was possible to create a dialogue rout for local and scientific knowledge, which enhances the debates on biodiversity conservations and its relations with local Communities and environmental education

No description available.

Tropidolaemus wagleri is a species of Asian pitviper with a geographic range including Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Bruniei, parts of Indonesia, and the hilippines. Tropidolaemus is a member of the Crotalinae subfamily, within Viperidae. The genus Tropidolaemus includes five species, and was once included within the genus Trimeresurus. While some osteologic characteristics have been noted a comprehensive description of cranial elements has not been produced for T. wagleri. An in-depth description of the cranial skeleton of Tropidolaemus wagleri lays the foundation for future projects to compare and contrast other taxa within Crotalinae and Viperidae. The chosen reference specimen was compared to the presumed younger specimens to note any variation in ontogeny. The study here provides a comprehensive description of isolated cranial elements as well as a description of ontogenetic change within the specimens observed. This study contributes to the knowledge of osteological characters in T. wagleri and provides a foundation for a long term project to identify isolated elements in the fossil record.

Water treatment facilities across the United States are known for providing high-quality drinking water to their residents. However, differences in treatment methods, aging infrastructure, and outdated household plumbing may affect the quality of drinking water by the time it reaches the consumer’s tap. Palm Beach County, Florida, is an area with large socioeconomic contrasts where some families live in dilapidated structures and others reside in luxurious, gated communities. This research highlights the variation of household water quality by determining metal concentrations in tap water samples in communities of different socioeconomic status. In addition, interviews were conducted with personnel from five different Water Treatment Plants (WTPs) in the study area to understand the relationship between customers and their water utility. Results indicate that effective communication strategies are needed to boost public trust and fill critical information gaps about the water treatment process. Ninety-six tap water samples were collected from households throughout eastern Palm Beach County and analyzed for different metals using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. Surveys were also administered at the same households where tap water samples were collected. Residents were asked about their perceptions of tap water and social and economic questions regarding their household characteristics. A Socioeconomic Status (SES) index was created using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to understand how perceptions of tap water quality and concentrations of metals in household tap water vary based on SES. Results provide evidence that those living in the lowest-ranking SES neighborhoods are the least satisfied with their tap water quality and consume less tap water than those living in higher SES neighborhoods. Water quality results highlighted large variations in concentrations of aluminum (Al) and thus, analyses focused specifically on how Al concentrations varied according to SES. Results from Ordinary Least Squares regression show that as socioeconomic status decreases, the concentration of Al in tap water increases. Six samples exceed the State of Florida’s Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level (SMCL) for Al, and five of those samples were found in the lowest-ranking SES neighborhoods (SES 1 and 2). The results of this research provide evidence that inequities in household water quality exist across eastern Palm Beach County, Florida. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2019. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Open-coast beach-dune environments are vulnerable to erosion, such as from storms or interruption of littoral drift. Although protected from event-driven wave energy, backbarrier shorelines are also susceptible to erosion, due to tidal currents and boat wakes. A common response to mitigate erosion is to place sediment and restore the environment. For placement on beaches, a significant effort has been made to identify offshore resources available; however, offshore resources have seldom been considered for dune or backbarrier shoreline restoration. This study evaluates the geotechnical sediment properties of offshore sediments in proven borrow areas for beach nourishment and reclassifies them for placement in dunes and along the backbarrier in Palm Beach County, Florida. Two different methods calculate volume of offshore resources available for dune or backbarrier projects, including numerical calculations and interpolation of volume through SURFER. Because existing proven borrow areas are delineated for beach nourishment, less volume of sediment available in these areas for other coastal environments. The results of this study suggest that identifying offshore sediment sources for lower-energy environments would not adversely impact sediment needed for beach nourishment. As coastal environments are increasingly threatened by climate change and sea level rise, sediment resources become scarcer, the need to efficiently and effectively use sediments will be of utmost importance for scientists, engineers, and managers in their efforts to protect coastal habitat and communities. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2019. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection