Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2007. / Title from PDF of title page. Document formatted into pages; contains 115 pages. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Australia, 2005.

Diss. Luleå : Luleå tekniska universitet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (D.Phil.(Psychology))-University of Pretoria, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references.

Introdução: O alongamento dos músculos isquiotibiais (ISQ) tem sido utilizado com frequência para a correção da contratura em flexão dos joelhos na paralisia cerebral (PC), porém o aumento da anteversão da pelve (AP) e a recidiva da deformidade podem ocorrer a longo prazo. Objetivos: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se a transferência do semitendíneo para o tubérculo dos adutores (TXST) está relacionada a uma menor taxa de recidiva e a um menor aumento da AP no período pós-operatório, quando comparada ao alongamento deste músculo. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo tipo coorte retrospectivo. Pacientes com PC diparesia espástica, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) I-III, sem cirurgias prévias nos joelhos, submetidos ao alongamento dos ISQ mediais ou à TXST, e com completa documentação no laboratório de marcha foram incluídos no estudo. Foram excluídos aqueles que receberam de forma concomitante a osteotomia extensora do fêmur distal e o encurtamento patelar. Trinta e nove pacientes preencheram os critérios de inclusão e foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com os procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados: Grupo A (22 pacientes / 44 joelhos), composto por aqueles que receberam o alongamento dos ISQ mediais; Grupo B (17 pacientes / 34 joelhos), formado por aqueles que receberam a TXST ao invés do alongamento do semitendíneo (AST), em conjunto com o alongamento dos demais ISQ mediais. Parâmetros clínicos e de cinemática foram avaliados nos dois grupos antes e após as cirurgias. Resultados: Os grupos não exibiram diferença quanto à distribuição por gênero, idade na cirurgia e tempo de seguimento. A deformidade irredutível em flexão estava presente em 9,1% dos joelhos no Grupo A e em 50% no Grupo B (p < 0,001) antes do tratamento, e em 25% dos joelhos do Grupo A e 20,6% no Grupo B (p=0,647) após os procedimentos cirúrgicos. O número de joelhos com deformidade irredutível em flexão aumentou no Grupo A (p=0,047) e reduziu no Grupo B (p=0,011) após a intervenção. Houve redução significativa da deformidade média em flexão dos joelhos ao exame físico (de 7,3° para 4,4°, p= 0,04) e da flexão dos joelhos durante a fase de apoio da marcha (de 34,2° para 20,2°, p < 0,001) apenas no Grupo B. A AP aumentou nos Grupos A e B após a correção cirúrgica da deformidade em flexão dos joelhos. Conclusão: O aumento da AP foi observado nos dois grupos após o tratamento efetuado. A redução da deformidade em flexão dos joelhos ao exame físico e o aumento da extensão dos joelhos na fase de apoio foram observados apenas nos pacientes submetidos à TXST / Introduction: Hamstrings surgical lengthening has been frequently used for the correction of knee flexion contracture in cerebral palsy (CP), however the increase of anterior pelvic tilt and the recurrence of the deformity can occur in a long-term follow-up. The aim of this study was to evaluate if semitendinosus transfer to distal femur (STTX) is related to less increase of anterior pelvic tilt and less recurrence of knee flexion deformity after treatment than semitendinosus surgical lengthening (STL). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Patients with diplegic spastic CP, GMFCS levels I to III, without previous surgical procedures at knee, undergone to bilateral medial hamstrings surgical lengthening or STTX, and with complete documentation at gait laboratory were included in this study. Patients with concomitant distal femur extension osteotomy and patellar tendon shortening were excluded. Thirty-nine patients matched the inclusion criteria and they were divided in two groups according surgical procedures at knees: Group A (22 patients / 44 knees), including patients who received medial hamstrings surgical lengthening as part of multilevel approach; Group B (17 patients / 34 knees), represented by patients who underwent orthopedic surgery including a STTX instead of STL. Clinical and kinematic parameters were evaluated at baseline and at follow-up for all groups. Results: The two groups matched at gender distribution, age at surgery and follow-up time. Fixed knee flexion deformity (FKFD) before surgery was observed at 9.1% of knees in Group A and at 50% in Group B (p < 0.001). At final follow-up, 25% of knees in Group A and 20.6% in Group B shown FKFD (p=0.647). FKFD increased in Group A (p=0.047) and decreased in Group B (p=0.011) after treatment. The reduction of mean FKFD (from 7.3° to 4.4°, p= 0.04) and of knee flexion during gait stance phase (from 34.2° to 20.2°, p< 0.001) were observed only in Group B after surgical procedures. The anterior pelvic tilt increased at both groups after treatment. Conclusion: The increase of anterior pelvic tilt occurred at both groups after correction of knee flexion deformity. Patients who received STTX exhibited less fixed knee flexion deformity and better knee extension during stance phase after surgical treatment than those whom undergone to STL

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:34:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Danyel Pinheiro Castelo.pdf: 365700 bytes, checksum: accb96d74f9ecad329084a286e9813fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-02 / The cerebral palsy, non progressive disease, undertakes the movements and posture. The current physiotherapy backs to a holistic treatment. To play provides neuropsychomotor development. This study has as objectives investigate the opinion of physiotherapists that act in neuropediactrics about the use of toy in your clinical practice and check your possible use in inventions with children with cerebral palsy. Initially is used the questionnaire of opinion with fifty physiotherapists of various clinical of The Child with Disability Support Association, AACD, checking the use of toys in relation to various physiotherapeutic goals; below, makes observation of sixty consultations, in aquatic and on land physiotherapy, in cerebral palsy, checking the use of each category of toy used on the therapeutic goal. Data obtained in the questionnaire shows; in descending order, the use of: toys sensory-motor 57,7%, to gain the balance (E); 22,2% for motor coordination; 18,5% for postural acquisition (AP) and 2% for muscle relaxation (RM). For make-belie games: 37% (E); 39% (AP); and 24% (CM). For games of rules: 54% (E); 35% (CM); 11% (AP). With assembly games: 25% (CM); 24% (E); 24% (AP). The data of observation revealed that the main therapeutic goals target with the use of toys were: elongation, first 10 ; muscle strengthening; balance and gait training of 10 to 40 ;. As the observed modality of toy there were a predominance of the make-believe at the beginning and in the end of the section and the other categories in the meddle, interspersed way. The data of observation coincided with the questionnaire revealing the systematic use of toys with physiotherapeutic goals.(AU) / A paralisia cerebral, doença não progressiva, compromete movimentos e postura. A fisioterapia atual volta-se para um tratamento holístico. Brincar proporciona desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. O presente estudo tem como objetivos investigar a opinião de fisioterapeutas que atuam em neuropediatria sobre a utilização do brinquedo em sua prática clínica e verificar sua possível utilização em intervenções junto a crianças com paralisia cerebral. Utiliza-se inicialmente de questionário de opinião junto a 50 fisioterapeutas das diversas clínicas da Associação de Apoio a Criança com Deficiência, AACD - SP, verificando a utilização de brinquedos face aos diversos objetivos fisioterapeuticos; a seguir, realiza observação de 60 atendimentos, em fisioterapia aquática e de solo, de crianças com paralisia cerebral, identificando a utilização de cada categoria de brinquedo relativo ao objetivo terapêutico. Os dados obtidos no questionário revelaram em ordem decrescente utilização de: brinquedos sensório-motores 57,4%, para ganho de equilíbrio (E); 22,2% para coordenação motora (CM); 18,5% para aquisições posturais (AP) e 2% para relaxamento muscular (RM). Em relação aos jogos de faz-de-conta: 37% (E); 39% (AP) e 24% (CM).Para os jogos de regras: 54% (E); 35% (CM); 11% (AP). Com os jogos de montagem: 52% (CM); 24% (E); 24% (AP). Os dados da observação revelaram que os principais objetivos terapêuticos visados com utilização de brinquedos foram: alongamento, primeiro 10 ; fortalecimento muscular, equilíbrio e treino de marcha de 10 a 40 . Quanto à modalidade de brinquedo observada houve predomínio do faz de conta no início e no fim da sessão e das demais categorias no meio, de forma intercalada. Os dados da observação coincidiram com os do questionário revelando utilização sistemática de brinquedos com objetivos fisioterapeuticos.(AU)

The thesis topic is "The influence of the early therapy by reflex locomotion according to Vojta on children with brachial plexus palsy postpartum and its social impact from the perspective of their parents."The brachial plexus (BP) consists of nerve bundles based on radicular segments C5-Th1. Innervate muscles girdle blades, shoulder, arm and hand. When BP is damaged the mobility may be impaired (paresis to plegia of muscles), sensation (hypoesthesia to anesthesia, paresthesia, pain) and vegetative symptoms can appear (discoloration and skin temperature changes, changes in hair, nail brittleness). Types of BP palsy are classified according to clinical and anatomic course. Paresis of upper type (Erb-Duchene) is the most common and has the best prognosis, clinically manifest by the adduction and internal rotation of the upper limb, the elbow in extension, the wrist in flexion,the limb is poor, the gripping reflex present. During the paralysis of the lower type (Déjerine-Klumpke) the wrist flexion is not possible and the hand grip is poor or absent, and when there is a disruption of the cervical sympathetic the Horner's syndrome appears. An isolated paresis of the secondary trunk with disabilities muscles innervated n. Radialis is rare. During the complete lesion BP the whole limb is plegic with anesthesia all dermatomes excluding the inner arm. The complete lesion BP has the worst prognosis. BP perinatal injury arises in connection with childbirth. Despite the knowledge of risk factors we fail to prevent these injuries. With all children with postnatal paresis BP the initiation of conservative treatment is indicated, some children require neurosurgery. With some children a residual limb dysfunction remains after the treatment. Among the consequences we include permanent residual paresis, postural abnormalities, limb bone deformities, contractures of joints, shortened arm. Delays in mental development and cognitive impairment are related to motor disorders. The early and quality diagnosis and the immediate initiation of therapy is the prerequisite for successful treatment. The therapy should prevent the development of pathological patterns of movement and evoke and restore optimum momentum. The main aim is the restoration of innervation and hand function and the second one is the elbow flexion and the third is the arm abduction. Vojta method of reflex locomotion is one of the methods used for conservative treatment of peripheral paresis. In therapy, congenital partial patterns of forward movement global models, which is reflective crawling and reflective rotation, are activated. These patterns are inborn but with children with locomotor disorders these are blocked. By repeated targeted activation we can achieve the correct fixation of the correct models and thus enable their use in spontaneous motor fluctuations and pathological compensatory movements are displaced. Reflex locomotion favorably influences other functions such as posture and its management, neurological status, the development of mental and autonomic functions, and oculomotoric and disproportionate growth. The goal of the treatment is to reduce the disability degree and to minimize the future disability and handicap. Improving the quality of the child´s life leads to improvement of the life quality for the entire family. The theoretical part is devoted to BP palsy therapy and reflex locomotion according to Vojta. First, the function of peripheral nervous system is characterised, the other part is devoted to BP injury - mechanisms of injury, diagnosis, treatment options, BP perinatal injuries and rehabilitation of patients with spinal BP. The chapter dealing with Vojta describes the basic principles of Vojta method - reflexive crawling and reflexive rotation. The final chapter deals with the birth of a handicapped child, the need to support families and individuals affected especially in the psychological and sociological levels.

Objetivos: Verificar a concordância entre as curvas da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) e do Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) às curvas específicas para crianças com paralisia cerebral (PC); verificar a concordância entre o diagnóstico nutricional das curvas específicas e prega cutânea tricipital (PCT) e circunferência do braço (CB); Avaliar a concordância entre altura aferida e altura estimada por equação em crianças com PC; Verificar a concordância do diagnóstico nutricional através das curvas de portadores de PC com anemia, deficiência de ferro, hipoalbuminemia e raquitismo; Verificar a correlação entre o valor energético da ingestão alimentar e taxa metabólica basal obtida através da bioimpedância elétrica. Métodos: Foi estudado antropometria, altura estimada, capacidade funcional, exames laboratoriais, bioimpedância elétrica e aplicado o recordatório alimentar de 24 horas nas crianças e adolescentes portadores de (PC). O estudo foi realizado com pacientes com diagnóstico de PC de um hospital escola. Para a análise estatística foram utilizados Kappa, teste de Wilcoxom, gráfico de Bland & Altman e Mcnemar, teste qui-quadrado e coeficiente de Spearmann. O estudo obteve a aprovação do Comitê Ética e Pesquisa sob o número 08-569. Resultados: Foram avaliados 47 pacientes, cuja idade mediana foi 6,5 anos (IQ: 3,9 – 9,6). As curvas da OMS/CDC classificaram mais pacientes “com déficit nutricional” do que a curva específica para PC (para todos os parâmetros κ ≤0,49; P≤0,26). A CB e PCT superestimaram a ocorrência de “Com déficit nutricional” (k ≤ 0,71; P ≤ 0,46 para todas as concordâncias). Para a concordância entre as alturas a mediana de diferença foi de – 0,38 (IQ: -2,61 – 3,32) cm. Em 40,4% dos participantes a altura estimada errou em mais de 3 cm (para mais ou para menos) o valor da altura aferida. Não se obteve concordância entre o estado nutricional e presença de anemia, deficiência de ferro, hipoalbuminemia e raquitismo(p≤1 para todas concordâncias). Não houve correlação entre a taxa metabólica basal e a ingestão alimentar. Conclusão: Os métodos de avaliação nutricional que se baseiam em crianças saudáveis superestimam o diagnóstico de déficit nutricional em crianças com PC. Mas independente de seu estado nutricional, em sua maioria, apresentam anemia ou deficiência de ferro. Além disso, apresentam uma alta ingestão alimentar em relação a baixa taxa metabólica basal. / Objectives: To determine the agreement between the curves of the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to specific curves for children with CP and check the agreement between the nutritional diagnosis of the specific curves and triceps skinfold (TSF) and arm circumference (AC); evaluate the agreement between measured height and height estimated by the equation in children with CP; determine the agreement of nutritional diagnosis through curves of CP patients with anemia, iron deficiency, and hypoalbuminemia raquitismoa; correlation between the energy value of food intake and basal metabolic rate obtained by bioelectrical impedance. Methods: We studied anthropometry, estimated height, functional capacity, laboratory tests, bioelectrical impedance analysis and applied the 24-hour dietary recall in children and adolescents with CP. The study was conducted with the population of PC in a university hospital. For statistical analysis we used Kappa, Wilcoxon test, Bland & Altman and McNemar test, Chi-square and Spearman coefficient. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: We evaluated 47 patients whose age was 6.5 years (IQ: 3.9 - 9.6). The curves of the WHO / CDC classified more patients “nutritional deficit" than the specific curve for PC (for all parameters κ ≤ 0.49, P ≤ 0.26). AC TSF and overestimated the occurrence of "with nutritional deficit" (k ≤ 0.71, P ≤ 0.46 for all matches). For agreement between the heights of the median difference was - 0.38 (IQ: -2.61 - 3.32) cm. In 40.4% of participants estimated the time missed by more than 3 cm (more or less) the value of the height measured. No agreement was obtained between nutritional status and presence of anemia, iron deficiency, rickets and hypoalbuminemia (p ≤ 1 for all matches). There was no correlation between basal metabolic rate and food intake. Conclusion: The nutritional assessment methods that rely on healthy children overestimate the diagnosis of malnutrition in children with CP. But regardless of their nutritional status, most of them have anemia or iron deficiency. They will also have a high feed intake in relation to low basal metabolic rate.

xviii, 125p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / Trunk control is critical for all functional movement, yet little is known about the development of trunk stability. Previous research considered the trunk to be one rigid segment ignoring the complexity of multiple spinal segments. In healthy adults spinal control is so well orchestrated that this assumption is reasonable; however during development and more specifically in pathological conditions in which spinal control is immature or compromised, this assumption may prevent accurate analysis and/or treatment of the condition. This dissertation investigates the mechanisms used by typical infants in gaining postural control of spinal segments for independent sitting. Infant data were compared to data from children with cerebral palsy (CP). The contribution of spinal segments was assessed by stabilizing the trunk in vertical alignment with four levels of support (axillae, mid-ribs, waist or hips). Documentation of postural sway of the head reflected the motor control available in the free segments of the spine. Kinematic data were collected bimonthly from 3 to 9 months of age in typically developing infants and 3-4 times over a 4 month time span in children with CP. The infants' response to external support changed in a non-linear, stage-like fashion as they transitioned from immature to mature spinal control. Head stability emerged first at higher levels of trunk support and gradually progressed in a cephalocaudal pattern to lower levels of support. Emergence of functional sitting was associated with mastery of postural control in the lower lumbar and pelvic regions of the spine. The severity of CP was related to the level of spinal control achieved. Children with severe CP had control in the cervical or upper thoracic spine while those with moderate CP had control into the mid to lower thoracic spine. In addition, behavioral patterns seen in children with CP were consistent with developmental stages seen in typical infants during acquisition of vertical alignment. These findings challenge the existing clinical practice of evaluating and treating the trunk as a single segment, offer intermediate measures of progression of spinal control and propose that a more specific approach may create the foundation for improved motor outcomes in pathological populations. / Committee in charge: Marjorie Woollacott, Chairperson, Human Physiology; Paul van Donkelaar, Member, Human Physiology; Andrew Karduna, Member, Human Physiology; Shawn Lockery, Outside Member, Biology

xiii, 103 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / The purpose of this dissertation was (1) to investigate the effects of dual task conditions on the development of postural control during gait in typically developing children while walking and obstacle crossing, and (2) to investigate the attentional requirements of gait in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Forty younger and older typically developing (YTD and OTD) children and 10 children with CP performed a gait task with and without a concurrently auditory Stroop task. Gait and cognitive performance were measured. In study 1, dual task interference with gait performance was found in YTD and OTD children, but not in healthy young adults (HYA). In general, gait performance decrements under dual task contexts were greater in YTD than OTD children, whereas cognitive performance decrements during dual tasking were not different between the two groups of children. Dual task interference was lowest in HYA and highest in YTD children when compared among groups. As the difficulty of the gait task was increased, dual task affects on cognitive performance were now found in YTD and OTD children, but not HYA. In study 2, there were significant differences in dual task interference affecting gait performance in all groups of children. When performing the gait task with a concurrent auditory Stroop task, OTD children showed greater dual-task costs than children with CP for accuracy, but children with CP demonstrated greater dual-task costs than OTD and YTD children for medial Center of Mass-Ankle-joint-center inclination angle. This increased medio-lateral inclination angle in dual task situations has also been seen in older adults with balance deficits and may be associated with an increased risk for falls. YTD children showed dual-task costs in a slowing of gait velocity and stride time, a safer strategy than that used by children with CP. The lower cognitive performance during dual tasking for OTD children suggests that they allocate greater attention to maintain gait stability, whereas YTD children and children with CP do not. In addition, children with CP use a behavior that may increase their risk of falls in complex environments. This dissertation includes unpublished co-authored material. / Committee in charge: Marjorie Woollacott, Chairperson, Human Physiology; Paul van Donkelaar, Member, Human Physiology; Li-Shan Chou, Member, Human Physiology; Paul Dassonville, Outside Member, Psychology