Com o aumento da densidade de transistores devido aos avanços na tecnologia de fabricação de IC, que usam cada vez dimensões menores e a possibilidade de projetar chips cada vez mais complexos, ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) podem de fato integrar sistemas complexos em um chip, chamado de System-on-chip. O ASIC possibilita a implementação de processos (módulos) paralelos em hardware, que possibilitam atingir as velocidades de processamento digital necessárias para as aplicações que envolvem altas taxas de dados. A implementação em hardware do algoritmo Viterbi é o principal foco dessa dissertação. Este texto mostra uma breve explicação do algoritmo e mostra os resultados desta na implementação do algoritmo em software e hardware. Uma arquitetura com pipeline é proposta e uma implementação em HDL (Hardware Description Language) é mostrada. / With the increasing density of gates due to advances in the IC manufacturing technology that uses increasingly smaller feature sizes, and the possibility to design more complex systems, ASIC's (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) can in fact integrate complete systems in a single chip, namely Sysntem-on-chip. The ASIC allows the implementation of parallel processes in hardware that makes possible to reach the necessary speed for the applications that need high data rates. The hardware implementation of the Viterbi encoder algorithm is the main focus of this dissertation. The text gives a brief tutorial of the algorithm and shows the results of its implementation in software and in hardware. A pipelined architecture is proposed and implemented in HDL.

Com o aumento da densidade de transistores devido aos avanços na tecnologia de fabricação de IC, que usam cada vez dimensões menores e a possibilidade de projetar chips cada vez mais complexos, ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) podem de fato integrar sistemas complexos em um chip, chamado de System-on-chip. O ASIC possibilita a implementação de processos (módulos) paralelos em hardware, que possibilitam atingir as velocidades de processamento digital necessárias para as aplicações que envolvem altas taxas de dados. A implementação em hardware do algoritmo Viterbi é o principal foco dessa dissertação. Este texto mostra uma breve explicação do algoritmo e mostra os resultados desta na implementação do algoritmo em software e hardware. Uma arquitetura com pipeline é proposta e uma implementação em HDL (Hardware Description Language) é mostrada. / With the increasing density of gates due to advances in the IC manufacturing technology that uses increasingly smaller feature sizes, and the possibility to design more complex systems, ASIC's (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) can in fact integrate complete systems in a single chip, namely Sysntem-on-chip. The ASIC allows the implementation of parallel processes in hardware that makes possible to reach the necessary speed for the applications that need high data rates. The hardware implementation of the Viterbi encoder algorithm is the main focus of this dissertation. The text gives a brief tutorial of the algorithm and shows the results of its implementation in software and in hardware. A pipelined architecture is proposed and implemented in HDL.

Com o aumento da densidade de transistores devido aos avanços na tecnologia de fabricação de IC, que usam cada vez dimensões menores e a possibilidade de projetar chips cada vez mais complexos, ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) podem de fato integrar sistemas complexos em um chip, chamado de System-on-chip. O ASIC possibilita a implementação de processos (módulos) paralelos em hardware, que possibilitam atingir as velocidades de processamento digital necessárias para as aplicações que envolvem altas taxas de dados. A implementação em hardware do algoritmo Viterbi é o principal foco dessa dissertação. Este texto mostra uma breve explicação do algoritmo e mostra os resultados desta na implementação do algoritmo em software e hardware. Uma arquitetura com pipeline é proposta e uma implementação em HDL (Hardware Description Language) é mostrada. / With the increasing density of gates due to advances in the IC manufacturing technology that uses increasingly smaller feature sizes, and the possibility to design more complex systems, ASIC's (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) can in fact integrate complete systems in a single chip, namely Sysntem-on-chip. The ASIC allows the implementation of parallel processes in hardware that makes possible to reach the necessary speed for the applications that need high data rates. The hardware implementation of the Viterbi encoder algorithm is the main focus of this dissertation. The text gives a brief tutorial of the algorithm and shows the results of its implementation in software and in hardware. A pipelined architecture is proposed and implemented in HDL.

This thesis is aiming at finding a solution for the manufacturing company IRO AB inUlricehamn, Sweden to communicate the changes that are made in processes and products ofthe company to its Chinese subsidiary company IWTC. The company wants to have a systemthrough which any change and improvement happened at one company is communicated toanother one in order to exercise the same changes at parallel processes that are running at bothcompanies. To solve their problem and to find an effective solution, first current situationregarding change processes at the company is examined to make sure that all changes andimprovements made at the company are registered in a structured way. Then differentcommunication channels existed between two companies is reviewed to find out thepossibilities and capacities of the company. This thesis focuses on using the ERP system as acommunication tool at both companies IRO AB and IWTC through which all the changes canbe registered and communicated in an effective, fast way. This capacity in ERP systems isfound out through a comprehensive study of this concept and its characteristics that has beendone in this research.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A utilizaÃÃo dos GrÃficos de Shewhart como ferramenta de monitoramento de processos, cujos produtos advÃm de vÃrios fluxos de produÃÃo (processos paralelos), deve ser vista com cautela, pois as amostras podem estar sendo construÃdas com itens de diferentes populaÃÃes. Na construÃÃo desses grÃficos, nÃo se deve misturar diferentes fontes de variaÃÃo do processo, pois tal atitude pode levar a conclusÃes equivocadas e, assim, reduzir o poder do grÃfico na detecÃÃo de causas assinalÃveis. Uma soluÃÃo para esse problema à o uso de um grÃfico de controle para cada fluxo, o GrÃfico Tradicional de Shewhart (GCS), contudo torna o controle difÃcil e burocrÃtico. Uma outra alternativa à a adoÃÃo do chamado GrÃfico de Controle por Grupos (GG), que permite o controle de mÃltiplos fluxos atravÃs de um Ãnico grÃfico. A presenÃa de uma estrutura de correlaÃÃo no processo produtivo, inserida em ambos os tipos de cartas, pode comprometer a anÃlise violando a restriÃÃo de independÃncia das amostras. A literatura especializada à carente em estudos dessa natureza. Diante deste cenÃrio, o objetivo geral deste trabalho à desenvolver um estudo, por meio de simulaÃÃo com software R (R Development Core Team, 2011), do GrÃfico de Controle por Grupos em termos de seu desempenho e eficiÃncia, como uma alternativa ao modelo de Shewhart em processos paralelos com fluxos correlacionados. O estudo consiste em uma anÃlise acerca da alteraÃÃo na mÃdia e na variÃncia do processo individual e conjuntamente. Este trabalho, entÃo, contextualiza a importÃncia do Controle EstatÃstico de Processo (CEP) dentro da logÃstica de produÃÃo e sua contribuiÃÃo teÃrica e prÃtica para o CEP dentro do objetivo proposto. Resultados indicam que a eficiÃncia do GG em relaÃÃo ao tradicional aumenta à medida que a correlaÃÃo cresce. AlÃm disso, para pequenas perturbaÃÃes e com 3 fluxos, o grÃfico por grupos chega a ser 55% mais lento quanto à detecÃÃo de um deslocamento conjunto na mÃdia e na variÃncia do processo em relaÃÃo ao tradicional de Shewhart. Destaca-se ainda que, para 10 fluxos, o GG apresenta um desempenho superior ao GCS na ordem de 36% para correlaÃÃo 0,5, dando evidÃncias de que, para uma grande quantidade de fluxos (k maior ou igual a 10), o GG à melhor do que o GCS na presenÃa de correlaÃÃo entre os fluxos. / The use of Shewhart charts as a tool for process monitoring, whose products come from various production flows (parallel processes), should be viewed with caution because the samples could be determined based on items from different populations. In the construction of these charts, is not recommended mix different sources of process variation, because such an attitude can lead to wrong conclusions and thus reduce the power of the chart in detecting assignable causes. One solution to this problem is the use of a control chart for each stream, which makes control difficult and bureaucratic. Another alternative is to adopt the Groups Charts, which allows control of multiple streams from a single graph. The presence of a correlation structure in the production process, inserted in both types of charts, can compromise the analysis violating the restriction of independence of samples. The literature is lacking in studies of this nature. Given this scenario, the objective of this work is to develop a study through simulation using the Software R, Group Charts in terms of its performance and efficiency, as an alternative to Model Shewhart in parallel processes with correlated streams. The study is an analysis of the change in the mean and the variance of the process individually and jointly. This work then contextualizes the importance of Statistical Control in the Process (SPC) logistics and its contribution to the theory and practice SPC within the proposed objective. Results indicate that the efficiency of GG compared to traditional increases as the correlation grows. Furthermore, for small disturbances, with 3 flows, the GG becomes 55% slower as to detect a displacement set average and the variance of the process compared to the traditional of Shewhart. Note also that, for 10 streams, the GG has outperformed GCS in the order of 36% correlation to 0:5, giving evidence that, for a large number of flows (k >= 10), the GG is better than the GCS in the presence of correlation between the streams.

THIS THESIS IS IN THE EXAMINATION PROCESS Christian Frederik Louis Leipoldt was born in on 28 December 1880 in the Rhenish House in Worcester, Cape Province, the fourth child of the Reverend Christian Friedrich Leipoldt and Anna Meta Christina Leipoldt (born Esselen). His father left the mission field to take up the position of the dominee in the Dutch Reformed Church in Clanwilliam where the Leipoldt family went to live, from 1884. Leipoldt received his education from his father at home, on a broad range of subjects, including several languages and also in the natural sciences. He became interested in writing from a very young age and sent pieces of his writing for publication when still a boy. When he was fifteen he began sending dried plant specimens to Professor McOwan in Cape Town, from Clanwilliam. It was through his interest in botany that Leipoldt met Dr Harry Bolus, a life-long friend. Leipoldt wrote the Civil Service examinations in 1897 after which he went to Cape Town to work as a journalist. Living in Cape Town he served on the staff of the pro-Boer newspaper, The South African News from 1898 until it was closed down by the British authorities in 1902, when he travelled to Britain to look for work as a journalist in London. Soon after arriving there he took up the offer from Bolus who would lend him money to study medicine at Guy’s Hospital. It was more or less at this time that some of his early literature on the South African War was written, for instance, his well-known poem, Oom Gert Vertel (published in 1911). After successfully obtaining his MRCS medical qualification in 1907, winning gold medals for medicine and surgery in the process, he briefly served as Acting House Surgeon at Guy’s until 1908 when he travelled to Europe to work in a number of hospitals to receive further training. Later the same year he took up a post as medical adviser to J D Pulitzer, the American newspaper owner. Thereafter he worked as a doctor in London except for the time he proceeded on a four month visit to the East in 1912, the experience of which he penned in a manuscript entitled ‘Visit to the East Indies.’In 1914 he returned to South Africa to take up a post as Medical Inspector of Schools with the Transvaal Education Department. During the First World War in South Africa, he was drafted into the army as the personal medical doctor to the Prime Minister at the time, Genl Louis Botha. He resigned from his post as Medical Inspector in 1923 to take up an offer from Dr F V Engelenburg to serve on the editorial staff of the pro-Smuts newspaper De Volkstem,. He worked there until 1925 when he and the newly appointed editor Gustav Preller did not see eye to eye and it was then that he decided to return to Cape Town. His second Cape Town period (1925 – 1947) was characterized by the most prolific writing, during which he published a great many works across a broad range of topics. Furthermore, though he never married, he adopted Jeffrey Leipoldt, and took in a number of boys as boarders in his home ‘Arbury’ in Kenilworth, Cape Town. At the same time as he wrote most prolifically for a wide range of publications including many novels, he taught pediatrics at the University of Cape Town Medical School and practised as a pediatrician in the city. C Louis Leipoldt was a versatile person who published across a wide range of fields, to include literature, medical studies, letters to friends and associates, the history of wine and cookery, and what few seem to be aware of, his three English historical novels that make up The Valley, written in English between 1928 and 1932. Whilst Leipoldt’s early work such as Oom Gert Vertel gave voice to the suffering of the Afrikaner people, in The Valley, his voice is one of protest against the isolationist policies of the National Party of the 1920s.</p/> Whilst Leipoldt will be known for his work as the inaugural medical inspector of schools of the Transvaal Education Department, the inaugural lecturer in pediatrics at the University of Cape Town and Cape Town’s first practising pediatrician, he will also be known for his wide oeuvre as a writer. For example, he served as the Medical Association of South Africa’s first editor of its South African Medical Journal, a post he held for 18 years. Leipoldt never married and died on 13 April 1947 in Cape Town. His ashes were scattered in the Pakhuis Pass near Clanwilliam, where there is a memorial to his life. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Historical and Heritage Studies / unrestricted

The South African author C Louis Leipoldt is known as an Afrikaans poet and as one of the ‘Driemanskap’ with Celliers and Totius. Together with Eugene Marais, they wrote the first serious Afrikaans literary poetry in the early decades of the Twentieth Century. The ‘Driemanskap’, grouped together for its clear national(ist) thrust, is well-known as part of the Tweede Afrikaanse Taalbeweging not only for celebrating the universal effects of nature but also for extolling the virtues of forgiveness after the South African War. Apart from his extensive canon of Afrikaans literature and a sizable discourse in the culinary field, not much is known about The Valley, Leipoldt’s so-called ‘English’ novels written in the late 1920s and early 1930s in English, a language he was equally at home in. The titles of these novels making up The Valley trilogy are Gallows Gecko, Stormwrack and The Mask. Despite several efforts to have the novels published with leading publishing houses in both Britain and the United States of America, both during and after his lifetime, the three ‘English’ novels of C Louis Leipoldt remained unpublished for 69 years. It was in 2001 that for the first time they appeared unedited in a compendium volume. Prior to 2001, two of the novels were published −in 1980, the year of the centenary of Leipoldt’s birth, an abridged edition of Stormwrack appeared, edited by Stephen Gray and published by David Philip, Cape Town. It was re-published by Human&Rousseau in 2000. An abridged edition of Gallows Gecko appeared in 2001, under the title Chameleon on the Gallows which the editor Stephen Gray explains he changed for stylistic reasons. Leipoldt uses the form of historical fiction in his trilogy as a way of conveying historical meaning by relating the chronicle (1820 – 1930) of the place he calls the Valley, recognizable as Clanwilliam. Initially, the Valley is at peace and is sketched in its idyllic state. After the Jameson Raid of 1895, the prospects of the South African War become a reality for the inhabitants of the Cederberg as they are torn apart by their emotions, feelings and loyalties. The course of events drastically changes when war finally comes to the District. Discontinuity and change is a strong theme in the novels. Eventually the inhabitants ofthe Valley find that the former, respectful relations, based on tradition and tolerance, have given way to sectarian interests. This changes the social fibre of the once idyllic environment. The Valley is a lamentation of lost opportunities for a culturally unified South Africa. Its voice is one of moderateness and is inclusive for all South Africans, addressing race relations as a theme as well as decrying sectionalism. In the light of this, it is argued that Leipoldt is revealed as a political liberal and cultural pluralist. This can be heard through the voices of the characters in The Valley and seen by the way Leipoldt meant the events in his fiction to serve as an allegory for the way he saw South Africa emerging at the time. He was writing against the Nationalists, particularly against the narrative of Gustav S Preller, who spent his working life constructing a volksgeskiedenis that resulted in a significant public history that dominated Afrikaner historical thinking from circa 1905 to 1938. In this sense, it is argued, The Valley is an alternative history to the dominating Preller historiography, and because it is in the form of narrative/historical fiction, it can also be seen as an alternative form of history, to be read against certain theoretical texts, without in any way detracting from the voices of criticism against deconstructivist history. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Historical and Heritage Studies / unrestricted

År 2014 beslutade Göteborgs Stad att öka byggtakten genom att effektivisera detaljplane- och genomförandeprocessen. Tidigare hade dessa processer utförts separat och kronologiskt efter varandra. För att möta samhällsbehoven och möjliggöra bostadsbyggandet i takt med befolkningstillväxten behövde effektiviseringen av dessa processer förbättras och samordnas.  Syftet med examensarbetet var att undersöka vad parallella processer innebär och hur de kan bidra till effektiviseringen av detaljplane- och genomförandeprocessen. Särskilt studerades kommunala lantmäterimyndighetens roll i planprocessen och deras bidrag som sakkunnig lantmätare. Studien fokuserade även på hur kommunala lantmäterimyndigheten agerar under samråds- och granskningsfasen samt de förändringar som skett i deras arbetssätt efter att parallella processer infördes.  En fallstudie genomfördes på Göteborgs Stad för att besvara studiens frågeställning. Projektet BoStad2021 etablerades för att effektivisera detaljplane- och genomförandeprocessen och målsättningen var att färdigställa 7000 bostäder år 2021. Göteborgs Stad var den första kommunen att använda sig av parallella processer, där olika förvaltningar samverkade tidigt och arbetade nära för att effektivisera hela detaljplane- och genomförandeprocessen. Data samlades in genom intervjuer med två enhetschefer och en förrättningslantmätare på Göteborgs Stad som varit involverade i etableringen av projektet BoStad2021. Dessutom studerades Chalmers följeforskning av BoStad2021 för att stödja kartläggningen av hur KLM:s arbetssätt har förändrats. Resultatet av studien visar att kommunala lantmäterimyndighetens arbetssätt har genomgått förändringar. KLM:s roll och arbetsmetoder har blivit mer proaktiva genom att ha en annorlunda kommunikationsstrategi. Genom att förvaltningarna arbetade parallellt har det medfört att kommunala lantmäterimyndigheten har kunnat initiera tidiga förrättningar samt förbereda beslutsunderlag för att kunna fatta beslut så snart detaljplanen vunnit laga kraft. Dessa förändringar i arbetssätt har bidragit till en effektivare lantmäteriprocess. / In 2014, the City of Gothenburg decided to increase the rate of construction by streamlining the detailed planning and implementation process. Previously these processes were dealt with separately and sequentially. To meet the society's needs and be able to build in line with population growth, the streamlining of these processes needed improvement and a new strategy. This bachelor thesis aim was to examine the implications of parallel processes and its contribution to the efficiency of the detailed planning process. The study specifically focused on the role of the municipal land surveying authority in the planning process and implementation process. A case study was conducted in the City of Gothenburg to address the research questions. BoStad2021 project was established to streamline the detailed planning and implementation process, with the goal of completing 7000 units by 2021. Gothenburg was the first municipality to implement parallel processes, wherein different departments collaborated early on and worked closely together to streamline the entire detailed planning and implementation process. Data was collected through three interviews with two-unit managers and one land surveyor involved in the establishment of BoStad2021 project in the City of Gothenburg. Furthermore, Chalmers University’s follow up research on BoStad2021 was studied to support the examination of changes in the municipal land surveying authority’s work method. The result of the study indicates that the municipal land surveying authority’s work method has undergone changes. Their role and work methods have become more proactive through the improved communication strategy. By working with parallel processes and a close cooperation with the other departments they have been able to initiate early land survey proceedings and prepare decision materials promptly after the detailed plan has gained legal force. These changes have contributed to a more efficient land surveying process.

After a brief review of machine learning techniques and applications, this Ph.D. thesis examines several approaches for implementing machine learning architectures and algorithms into hardware within our laboratory. From this interdisciplinary background support, we have motivations for novel approaches that we intend to follow as an objective of innovative hardware implementations of dynamically self-reconfigurable logic for enhanced self-adaptive, self-(re)organizing and eventually self-assembling machine learning systems, while developing this new particular area of research. And after reviewing some relevant background of robotic control methods followed by most recent advanced cognitive controllers, this Ph.D. thesis suggests that amongst many well-known ways of designing operational technologies, the design methodologies of those leading-edge high-tech devices such as cognitive chips that may well lead to intelligent machines exhibiting conscious phenomena should crucially be restricted to extremely well defined constraints. Roboticists also need those as specifications to help decide upfront on otherwise infinitely free hardware/software design details. In addition and most importantly, we propose these specifications as methodological guidelines tightly related to ethics and the nowadays well-identified workings of the human body and of its psyche.