Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-11T18:28:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Renata da Silva Mello.pdf: 1215608 bytes, checksum: 4aa180e59be574ab4757238ec8087e62 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-11T18:28:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Renata da Silva Mello.pdf: 1215608 bytes, checksum: 4aa180e59be574ab4757238ec8087e62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-20 / CAPES / Calliphorids are insects of medical-sanitary i and forensic entomology, contributing mainly to estimate the minimum post mortem interval. Therefore, studies on population dynamics under different abiotic conditions, as well as investigations on diperan control are very important. This study was divided into four chapters that approached the subject from different perspectives. The first two chapters are related to post-embryonic development of Chrysomya megacephala and Chrysomya albiceps submitted to different photoperiods (L0:D24, L12:D12, L16:D8, L24:D0). These species responded differently, however both species had a faster development for the different stages and their viabilities were higher in the 24h scotophase ( 24 hours of darkness) when compared to the other photoperiods. There was a trend for deceleration of the development as the photophase increased and it was evident for the larval stage of the both species. However, in C. albiceps was more pronouced for newly- larvae hatched to adult period, presenting a difference of up to four days between the shorter photophase (L0:D24) and the longer photophase (L24:D0). The total period of development of C. megacephala was shorter when the 24hscotophase was compared to the others. Therefore, it was possible to infer that the different photoperiods presented a circadian rhythm of emergence with distinct daily emergence rate, suggesting that this phenomenon was primarily regulated by an endogenous circadian clock, even if they presented modulations by photophases. In the third chapter, the aim was to investigate the biological aspects of Nasonia vitripennis (Pteromalidae) when the female explored hosts buried at different depths ranging from 0.0 to 5.0 cm at 0.5 cm intervals, for two periods of exposition: 24 and 48h. It was observed that two factors, period of exposition and pupation depths, caused differences in the parasitoid progeny and had a relation of dependence. For the group exposed for 48h, the pupae were parasitized only when buried up to 2.0 cm depth, however, for the group exposed for 72h, the parasitic capacity of parasitoids reached pupae buried up to 3.0 cm deep. The group exposed for 48h had a decreasing number of female emerged per pupae as the depth increased. This trend was not observed for the group exposed for 72h. The number of male emerged per pupae did not differ among the depths and periods of expositions. The sex deviation was higher for female for both exposure periods and for all depths. In the fourth chapter was the effect of a cornoside extracte from Parahancornia amapa (Apocynaceae) on post-embryonic development of Chrysomya putoria and progeny of N. vitripennis was investigated. The larval weigh and post-embryonic developmental period of C. putoria were not affected, with exception for the pupal development that was slower with the treatment with 5% cornosideo when compared to the control (distilled water). The newly-hatched larvae to adult period presented a viability of around 60 % for boths treatments. In relation to to the effect of the cornosideo on progeny of the parasitoids the following parameters were analysed: number of parasitoids emerged per pupae, sex ratio and developmental period. None of these were affected in comparison to the control group. The lack of effect of 5% cornoside on calliphorid flies may be a negative aspect when control is being concerned. However the lack of effect on the parasitoid, used as natural controllers of calliphoridas, is a / Califor?deos apresentam import?ncia m?dica-sanit?ria e tamb?m na entomologia forense, pois auxiliam a data??o do intervalo p?s-morte. Desta forma, estudos relativos ? din?mica populacional em diferentes condi??es abi?ticas, bem como investiga??es sobre m?todos de controle destes d?pteros s?o de suma import?ncia. O presente estudo foi dividido em quatro cap?tulos que abordaram o tema por diferentes perspectivas. Os dois primeiros cap?tulos foram relativos ao desenvolvimento de Chrysomya megacephala e Chrysomya albiceps submetidas a diferentes fotoper?odos (L0:E24, L12:E12, L16:E8, L24:E0). Estas esp?cies responderam distintamente, no entanto ambas as esp?cies submetidas ?s 24h de escotofase tiveram desenvolvimento mais acelerado em suas diferentes fases imaturas e as viabilidades foram maiores em rela??o aos demais fotoper?odos. Houve uma tend?ncia para desacelara??o do desenvolvimento ? medida que a fotofase foi aumentada, isto foi bem evidente para a fase larval em ambas as esp?cies. Embora, em C. albiceps foi mais pronunciado no per?odo de neolarva a adulto, havendo uma diferen?a de at? quatro dias entre a menor (L0:E24) e a maior fotofase (L24:E0). Em C. megacephala houve diferen?a somente quando o grupo submetido ?s 24h de escotofase foi comparado aos demais fotoper?odos, tendo o desenvolvimento mais acelerado. Foi poss?vel inferir que o ritmo de emerg?ncia teve periodicidade circadiana, embora com taxas di?rias de emerg?ncia distintas nos diferentes fotoper?odos. No terceiro cap?tulo objetivou-se investigar aspectos biol?gicos de Nasonia vitripennis (Pteromalidae) quando expostas aos hospedeiros enterrados em diferentes profundidades, variando de 0,0 a 5,0 cm, a cada 0,5 cm, por dois per?odos, 24h e 48h. Observou-se que a explora??o do pup?rio foi influenciada pelos dois fatores, tempo e profundidade, havendo uma rela??o de depend?ncia entre eles. Em 48h de exposi??o foram observados pup?rios parasitados somente at? a profundidade de 2,0 cm, por?m em 72h a capacidade parasit?ria foi at? 3,0 cm. Houve um decr?scimo do n?mero de f?meas emergidas por pupa com o aumento das profundidades em 48h, no entanto esta tend?ncia n?o foi observada em 72h. O n?mero de machos por pupa n?o diferenciou entre as profundidades e nem entre os dois tempos de exposi??o. Houve um desvio da raz?o sexual para f?meas em ambos os tempos de exposi??o e em todas as profundidades. No quarto cap?tulo foi investigada a a??o do cornos?deo, a fra??o metan?lica do l?tex de Parahancornia amapa (Apocynaceae), sobre o desenvolvimento de Chrysomya putoria e sobre a prog?nie de N. vitripennis. Foi observado que o peso larval e o tempo de desenvolvimento p?s-embrion?rio de C. putoria n?o foram alterados, com exce??o do per?odo pupal que foi mais lento no tratamento com cornos?deo a 5% quando comparado ao grupo controle (?gua destilada). A viabilidade de neolarva a adulto foi em torno de 60% para ambos os tratamentos. Quanto ? influ?ncia do cornos?deo sobre a prog?nie dos parasit?ides, o n?mero de parasit?ides, raz?o sexual e tempo de desenvolvimento n?o foram alterados quando comparados ao controle. P?de se dizer que o cornos?deo a 5% n?o exerceu efeito sobre os califor?deos, aspecto negativo para o controle, e nem tampouco em seus controladores naturais, aspecto positivo.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T15:01:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-Roney Rodrigues Guimaraes.pdf: 1366984 bytes, checksum: a3849d32ef332f39a6a2b06635783317 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-17 / Among the dipterans of medic-sanitary interest the blowfly families Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae are distinguished. Its occurrence, distribution and predominance in metropolitans areas are factors of great importance to the Public Health, because the adults are vectors of pathogens for the man and its larvae attack the man in such a way as animal domestic servants. The capture of the calliphorid fauna with traps, bait with viscera cool of chicken, in three distinct ecotypes (agricultural, urban and forest). 31.480 califor?deos dipterans distributed in the following species had been captured: Chrysomya megacephala (54,45%), C. putoria (11,18%), C. albiceps (13,63%), Phaenicia eximia (5,90%), P. cuprina (1,07%), Cochliomyia macellaria would (9,06%), C. hominivorax (0,53%), Hemilucilia segmentaria would (0,80%), H. semidiaphana (1,40%), Mesembrinella bellardiana (1,24%), Eumesembrinella sp. (0,51%), Chloroprocta idioidea (0,09%) and P. sericata (0,13%). The Sinanthropy Index and Seasonal Fluctuation and the Coefficient of Constancy of the species between the autumn of the 2002 and summer of 2004 had been determined. C. albiceps had the highest Sinanthropy Index (IS = + 41,7) conferring to this species was has Preference for Inhabited Areas. Also C. megacephala (IS = +33.01), C. putoria (IS = +25.1), C. hominivorax (IS = +24.1), C. macellaria would (IS = +21,14), P. cuprina (IS = +18,78), P. eximia (-9,67) species with Preference for Inhabited Areas and finally H. segmentaria, H. semidiaphana, M. bellardiana, Eumesembrinella sp., C. idioidea, P. sericata all pertaining to the group, according to data, that possess Complete Absence in Inhabited Areas (IS = -100). The microhimenopteran parasitoids are important tools in the biological control of flies of economic importance that cause damages to the health of human being and other animals. The captures had occurred between january and december of 2004 in urban, rural and forest area. 1.528 larvae of C. hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858) had been used as bait, 505 in the urban one, 556 in agricultural and the 467 in the forested one. The Sinanthropy Index, Coefficient of Constancy, the risk of parasitism (Odds Ratio) between the areas had been calculated, prevalence and parasitic intensity. The percentage was 46,6%. Aphaereta laeviuscula (Spinola, 1851) was captured only in agricultural environment, its indices had been: Sinanthropy I. = +50, C. constancy =25%, prevalence =0,72% and I. parasitoid =44,5; on the other hand Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836) was captured in the areas agricultural and urban and the indices had been: Sinanthropy I. = +98, C. constance =58.3%, Odds Ratio = IC95% = 0,025 < > 0,27, p<0,05, prevalence= 3,2% and I. parasitoid =7,35. The risk of parasitism for N. vitripennis in urban areas is high. It was registered the occurrence of A. laeviuscula as parasite of C. hominivorax in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Blowfly, Parasitoids, Sinanthropy, Seasonal Variation. / Entre os d?pteros de interesse m?dico-sanit?rio destacam-se as moscas varejeiras das fam?lias Calliphoridae e Sarcophagidae. Sua ocorr?ncia, distribui??o e predomin?ncia em ?reas metropolitanas s?o fatores de grande import?ncia na Sa?de P?blica, pois os adultos s?o vetores de pat?genos para o homem e suas larvas atacam tanto o homem como animais dom?sticos. A captura da fauna califor?dica foi realizada atrav?s de armadilhas, iscadas com v?sceras frescas de frango, em tr?s ec?topos distintos (rural, urbano e de floresta). Foram capturados 31.480 d?pteros califor?deos distribu?dos nas seguintes esp?cies: Chrysomya megacephala (54,45%), Chrysomya putoria (11,18%), Chrysomya albiceps (13,63%), Phaenicia eximia (5,90%), Phaenicia cuprina (1,07%), Cochliomyia macellaria (9,06%), Cochliomyia hominivorax (0,53%), Hemilucilia segmentaria (0,80%), Hemilucilia semidiaphana (1,40%), Mesembrinella bellardiana (1,24%), Eumesembrinella sp. (0,51%), Chloroprocta idioidea (0,09%) e Phaenicia sericata (0,13%). Foram determinados os ?ndices de Sinantropia e Flutua??o Sazonal e o Coeficiente de Const?ncia das esp?cies entre o outono de 2002 e o ver?o de 2004. C. albiceps teve o mais alto ?ndice de Sinantropia (IS= + 41,7) conferindo a esta esp?cie, a seguinte classifica??o de acordo com Ferreira (1978 e 1983): esp?cie que tem Prefer?ncia por ?reas Habitadas. Tamb?m C. megacephala (IS= +33,01), C. putoria (IS= +25,1), C. hominivorax (IS= +24,1), C. macellaria (IS= +21,14), P. cuprina (IS= +18,78), P. eximia (-9,67) esp?cie com Prefer?ncia por ?reas Habitadas e finalmente H. segmentaria, H. semidiaphana, M. bellardiana, Eumesembrinella sp. C. idioidea, P. sericata todas pertencentes aos grupos, segundo os dados obtidos, que possuem Completa Aus?ncia em ?reas Habitadas (IS= -100). Os microhimen?pteros parasit?ides s?o ferramentas importantes no controle biol?gico de moscas de import?ncia econ?mica e causadora de danos ? sa?de humana e de outros animais. As capturas ocorreram entre janeiro e dezembro de 2004 em ?rea urbana, rural e florestal. 1.528 larvas de Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858) foram usadas como iscas, 505 na urbana, 556 na rural e 467 na florestada. Foram calculados os ?ndices de Sinantropia, Coeficiente de Const?ncia, o risco (Odds Ratio) de parasitismo entre as ?reas, preval?ncia e intensidade parasit?ria. O percentual de emers?o foi de 46,6%. Aphaereta laeviuscula (Spinola, 1851), foi capturada apenas em ambiente rural, seus ?ndices foram: I. sinantropia= +50, C. const?ncia=25%, preval?ncia=0,72% e I. parasit?ria=44,5; j? Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836) foi capturada nas ?reas rural e urbana e os ?ndices foram: I. sinantropia= +98, C. const?ncia=58,3%, Odds Ratio= IC95%= 0,025 <?> 0,27, p<0,05, preval?ncia, =3,2% e I. parasit?ria=7,35. O risco de parasitismo por N. vitripennis em ?reas urbanas ? alto. Registra-se a ocorr?ncia de A. laeviuscula como parasito de C. hominivorax no Estado do Rio de Janeiro.