Host recognition behaviour of two braconid larval parasitoids Cotesia sesamiae and Cotesia flavipes was studied using suitable stemborer hosts [i.e. Busseola fusca for C. sesamiae, and Chilo partellus for C. flavipes] and one non-host [Eldana saccharina]. The wasps displayed similar sequences of behavioural steps when locating their hosts largely depending on their antennae for host recognition and both antennae and tarsi for final host acceptance and oviposition. Tactile and contact chemoreception stimuli from the hosts seem to play a major role in oviposition decision by the parasitoids. In addition, the external morphology and distribution pattern of sensilla present on antennae, tarsi and ovipositor of the parasitoids were examined by scanning electron and optic microscopy after staining with silver nitrate. Three sensillar types were identified on the distal antennomeres: (i) non-porous sensilla trichoidea most probably involved in mechanoreception, (ii) uniporous sensilla chaetica likely to be gustatory and, (iii) multiporous sensilla placodea likely to be olfactory. The tarsi possess a few sensilla chaetica which could be gustatory while the manubrium is likely to be used in detection of vibrations. The distal end of the ovipositor bears numerous multiporous dome-shaped sensilla. Additionally, the ability of the wasps to discriminate between contact cues was studied. When host larvae were washed in distilled water the wasps did not insert their ovipositors. However, ovipositor insertion resumed when washed host or non-host larvae were painted with water extracts of their respective host larvae. The water extracts of the suitable hosts were more attractive to the wasps than those of non-hosts. Similarly, the frass is important in host recognition during short-range examination as those of respective hosts are more intensely antennated than of non-hosts. The parasitoids were able to discriminate the regurgitant of E. saccharina by not antennating the cotton wool ball of this host; while the regurgitant of B. fusca and C. partellus appeared not useful in discriminating between the two species for both parasitoid species. Further analysis suggests the presence of a protein(s) component(s) in the regurgitant possibly responsible for host recognition and oviposition by C. flavipes. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Environmental Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Host recognition behaviour of two braconid larval parasitoids Cotesia sesamiae and Cotesia flavipes was studied using suitable stemborer hosts [i.e. Busseola fusca for C. sesamiae, and Chilo partellus for C. flavipes] and one non-host [Eldana saccharina]. The wasps displayed similar sequences of behavioural steps when locating their hosts largely depending on their antennae for host recognition and both antennae and tarsi for final host acceptance and oviposition. Tactile and contact chemoreception stimuli from the hosts seem to play a major role in oviposition decision by the parasitoids. In addition, the external morphology and distribution pattern of sensilla present on antennae, tarsi and ovipositor of the parasitoids were examined by scanning electron and optic microscopy after staining with silver nitrate. Three sensillar types were identified on the distal antennomeres: (i) non-porous sensilla trichoidea most probably involved in mechanoreception, (ii) uniporous sensilla chaetica likely to be gustatory and, (iii) multiporous sensilla placodea likely to be olfactory. The tarsi possess a few sensilla chaetica which could be gustatory while the manubrium is likely to be used in detection of vibrations. The distal end of the ovipositor bears numerous multiporous dome-shaped sensilla. Additionally, the ability of the wasps to discriminate between contact cues was studied. When host larvae were washed in distilled water the wasps did not insert their ovipositors. However, ovipositor insertion resumed when washed host or non-host larvae were painted with water extracts of their respective host larvae. The water extracts of the suitable hosts were more attractive to the wasps than those of non-hosts. Similarly, the frass is important in host recognition during short-range examination as those of respective hosts are more intensely antennated than of non-hosts. The parasitoids were able to discriminate the regurgitant of E. saccharina by not antennating the cotton wool ball of this host; while the regurgitant of B. fusca and C. partellus appeared not useful in discriminating between the two species for both parasitoid species. Further analysis suggests the presence of a protein(s) component(s) in the regurgitant possibly responsible for host recognition and oviposition by C. flavipes. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Environmental Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Errata and addenda attached. / Bibliography: leaves 195-211. / xviii, 211 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / This thesis is concerned with the biology of Eriosoma lanigerum (WAA) and its parasitoid (Aphelinus mali), the impact of the pest on the crop and the effects of pesticides used routinely in South Australian orchards on both woolly apple aphid and the parasitic wasp. The study identifies current management practices of apple growers in South Australia. Aspects of the biology of WAA and A.mali are examined. Work is also done on the toxicity against WAA and A.mali of insecticides used in the control of codling moth and phytophagous mites. The effects of WAA infestation on the growth of young trees are investigated. The seasonal activity of WAA on mature trees is determined over a two season period. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Crop Protection, 1997

Eugenia uniflora L. (pitangueira) is a native fruit species in Brazil, with wide geographical distribution, has economic potential because its fruit marketed, can be recommended for planting in heterogeneous reforestation for the recovery of degraded areas and permanent preservation to be attractive to wildlife. The present study aimed to identify the species of insects associated with seed, assess the damage caused by insect predators, its consequences on viability and occurrence of fungi on seeds of Eugenia uniflora. The samples were collected in FEPAGRO located in Santa Maria, RS. The seeds were evaluated for the occurrence of posture, punching, number of insects per seed (conditioned in individual containers), percentage of predation and substrate consumption. Moreover, germination test was performed to evaluate the influence of predation on seed viability, the occurrence of insects that occasion and identification of fungal genera that occur in the seeds. Emerged from seeds two species of insects, Atractomerus pitangae (Marshall, 1925) (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) and a new species of Paracrias sp. nov. (Hymenoptera:Eulophidae), parasitoid larvae of Curculionidae. Atractomerus pitangae and Paracrias sp. nov. are found associated with the seeds of Eugenia uniflora. The occurrence of A. pitangae tends to increase at advanced stages of maturation. The insects cause damage to seeds that attack, but the number of predated seeds is not expressive. There is a decrease in the percentage of normal seedlings as the frequency rises insects. The presence of insects is higher at the end of the fruiting period. The insects have a higher occurrence in the advanced stages of maturation. The most common fungal genera are Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp. and Aspergillus sp. and vary depending on fruit maturation. / Eugenia uniflora L. (pitangueira) é uma espécie frutífera nativa do Brasil, com ampla distribuição geográfica, apresenta potencial econômico, pois sua fruta é comercializada, pode ser recomendada para plantio em reflorestamentos heterogêneos destinados à recomposição de áreas degradadas e de preservação permanente por ser atrativa para a fauna. O presente estudo teve como objetivo, identificar as espécies de insetos associadas às sementes, avaliar os danos causados por insetos predadores, suas conseqüências na viabilidade e ocorrência de fungos em sementes de Eugenia uniflora. As coletas foram efetuadas na FEPAGRO localizada no município de Santa Maria, RS. As sementes foram avaliadas quanto à ocorrência de postura, perfuração, número de insetos por semente (acondicionadas em recipientes individualmente), porcentagem de predação e consumo de substrato. Além disso, foi realizado teste de germinação avaliando-se a influência da predação na viabilidade das sementes, a ocorrência de insetos nessa ocasião e a identificação dos gêneros fúngicos que ocorrem nas sementes. Emergiram das sementes duas espécies de insetos, Atractomerus pitangae (Marshall, 1925) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) e uma nova espécie de Paracrias sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), parasitóide de larvas de Curculionidae. Atractomerus pitangae e Paracrias sp. nov. são encontrados associados as sementes de Eugenia uniflora. A ocorrência de A. pitangae tende a aumentar em estágios mais avançados de maturação. Os insetos causam danos às sementes que atacam, porém o número de sementes predadas não é expressivo. Ocorre uma redução na porcentagem de plântulas normais à medida que a frequência de insetos aumenta. A presença de insetos é maior no final do período de frutificação. Os insetos apresentam maior ocorrência nos estágios de maturação mais avançados. Os gêneros fúngicos mais frequentes são Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp. e Aspergillus sp., e variam em função da maturação dos frutos.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:30:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2203796 bytes, checksum: a60469c7fe26cdd5741f5b033b2d5daa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-21 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This study shows the diversity of species of tephritid flies, their parasitoids and hosts in the region of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, located in the Zona da Mata Mineira. McPhail traps containing hydrolyzed protein, were installed in orchards with diverse species of fruit trees and a nature reserve, the Atlantic forest, forest known as the Mata do Paraíso. In addition, collections were made periodically cultivated and wild fruits in the region. Were obtained in 21 species of tephritid collections: Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), Anastrepha bahiensis Lima, A. barbiellinii Lima, A. bezzii Lima, A. bistrigata Bezzi, A. dissimilis Stone, A. distincta Greene, A. fraterculus (Wied.), A. furcata Lima, A. grandis (Macquart), A. leptozona Hendel, A. manihoti Lima, A. minensis Lima, A. montei Lima, A. obliqua (Macquart), A. pseudoparallela (Loew), A. pickeli Lima, A. serpentina (Wied.) and A. sororcula Zucchi, and two new species of Anastrepha. Deposited at the Regional Museum of Entomology (UFVB) found five species of tephritid A. connexa Lima, A. consobrina (Loew), A. kuhlmanni Lima, A. turpiniae Stone and A. xanthochaeta Hendel. 39 species of wild and 22 cultivated plant families sampled, we obtained C. capitata, A. bezzii, A. fraterculus, A. grandis, A. obliqua and A. sororcula. Parasitoids were also collected: Braconidae - Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti), D. brasiliensis (Szépligeti), Opius bellus Gahan, Utetes anastrephae (Viereck) Figitidae - Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes) and Pteromalidae - Sycophila sp.1, Sycophila sp.2, Torymus sp. and Pteromalidae sp.3. A taxonomic key for identification of species collected in Viçosa region is presented. An analysis for the fauna of Tephritidae species collected in the region of Viçosa, Minas Gerais. Assessing the population dynamics of three species was also performed, taking into account the influence of temperature, relative humidity and rainfall in addition to the dominance of these survey sites. Through this study added 19 species of fruit flies in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, bringing to 32 species of tephritid in Minas Gerais. Anastrepha barbiellinii, A. connexa, A. consobrina, A. furcata, A. kuhlmanni, A. leptozona and A. xanthochaeta were found first for the state and two new species of Anastrepha findings. Anastrepha fraterculus was the most frequent species in the samples of infected hosts and first observed occurrence in Lauraceae, Solanaceae Siparunaceae and in Brazil. The association of A. obliqua with tangerine and Ponkan cambucá and A. fraterculus with sweet cherry and passion fruit was also first observed through this study. The four species of parasitoids the Pteromalidae family, Sycophila sp.1, Sycophila sp.2, Torymus sp and a fourth species of Pteromalidae not yet identified, are new records for the state, passing 12 species of parasitoids of fruit flies in Minas Gerais. The population fluctuation of Anastrepha fraterculus and Ceratitis capitata in the region of Viçosa was influenced by temperature. Anastrepha minensis population fluctuation was influenced by temperature and precipitation. Fruticultura/Campus and Fruticultura/Fundão were more similar environments for the presence and absence of species of fruit flies (43%) while the small farm the environment was less similarity in terms of presence and absence of species (31 %). / Este estudo apresenta a diversidade de espécies de tefritídeos, seus parasitóides e hospedeiros na região de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, localizada na Zona da Mata Mineira. Armadilhas do tipo McPhail, contendo proteína hidrolisada, foram instaladas em pomares com espécies diversificadas de fruteiras e em uma reserva natural, remanescente da Mata Atlântica, conhecida como Mata do Córrego do Paraíso. Além disso, foram feitas coletas periódicas de frutos cultivados e silvestres na região. Foram obtidas 21 espécies de tefritídeos nas coletas: Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), Anastrepha bahiensis Lima, A. barbiellinii Lima, A. bezzii Lima, A. bistrigata Bezzi, A. dissimilis Stone, A. distincta Greene, A. fraterculus (Wied.), A. furcata Lima, A. grandis (Macquart), A. leptozona Hendel, A. manihoti Lima, A. minensis Lima, A. montei Lima, A. obliqua (Macquart), A. pseudoparallela (Loew), A. pickeli Lima, A. serpentina (Wied.) e A. sororcula Zucchi, além de duas novas espécies de Anastrepha. Depositadas no Museu Regional de Entomologia (UFVB) foram encontradas cinco espécies de tefritídeos: A. connexa Lima, A. consobrina (Loew), A. kuhlmanni Lima, A. turpiniae Stone e A. xanthochaeta Hendel. Das 39 espécies silvestres e cultivadas de 22 famílias botânicas amostradas, obtiveram-se C. capitata, A. bezzii, A. fraterculus, A. grandis, A. obliqua e A. sororcula. Foram coletados também os parasitóides: Braconidae - Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti), D. brasiliensis (Szépligeti), Opius bellus Gahan, Utetes anastrephae (Viereck); Figitidae - Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes); e Pteromalidae - Sycophila sp.1, Sycophila sp.2, Torymus sp. e Pteromalidae sp.3. Uma chave taxonômica para a identificação das espécies coletadas na região de Viçosa é apresentada. Foi realizada uma análise faunística para as espécies de Tephritidae coletados na região de Viçosa, Minas Gerais. A avaliação da flutuação populacional de três espécies também foi realizada, levando em conta a influência da temperatura, umidade relativa e precipitação pluviométrica, além da dominância destas para as áreas amostradas. Através deste estudo foram acrescentadas 19 espécies de moscas-das-frutas em Viçosa, Minas Gerais, elevando assim para 32 espécies de tefritídeos em Minas Gerais. Anastrepha barbiellinii, A. connexa, A. consobrina, A. furcata, A. kuhlmanni, A. leptozona e A. xanthochaeta foram constatadas pela primeira vez para o estado e duas espécies novas de Anastrepha descobertas. Anastrepha fraterculus foi a espécie mais frequente nas amostras de hospedeiros infestados e observada pela primeira vez a sua ocorrência em Lauraceae, Siparunaceae e Solanaceae no Brasil. A associação de A. obliqua com tangerina Ponkan e cambucá e de A. fraterculus com acerola e maracujá-doce também foi observada pela primeira vez por meio deste estudo. As quatro espécies de parasitóides da família Pteromalidae, Sycophila sp.1, Sycophila sp.2, Torymus sp e uma quarta espécie de Pteromalidae ainda não identificada, são novas ocorrências para o estado, passando para 12 espécies de parasitóides de moscas-das- frutas em Minas Gerais. A flutuação populacional de Anastrepha fraterculus e Ceratitis capitata na região de Viçosa foi influenciada pela temperatura. Anastrepha minensis teve a flutuação populacional influenciada pela temperatura e precipitação. Fruticultura/Campus e Fruticultura/Fundão foram os ambientes mais similares quanto à presença e ausência de espécies de moscas-das- frutas (43%) enquanto o Sítio foi o ambiente com menor similaridade quanto à presença e ausência de espécies (31%).

Ecological communities are collections of species bound together by their influences on one another. Community structure, therefore, refers to the way in which these influences are organised. As a result, ecologists are mainly interested in the factors driving the structure, functioning, and persistence of communities. The traditional focus, however, has been on the feeding relationships among species (direct trophic interactions), whereas relationships mediated by a third species or the environment (indirect interactions) have been largely overlooked. I investigated the role of indirect interactions in structuring communities through a series of field experiments in a diverse assemblage of arthropods living on a Brazilian shrub species. I experimentally reduced the abundance of the commonest galler on the shrub and found that the perturbation resonated across the food web, affecting its structure and robustness. Since there was no potential for these effects to be propagated directly or indirectly via the documented trophic links, the effects must have spread non-trophically and/or through trophic links not included in the web. Thus, I investigated non-trophic propagation of effects in the system. I demonstrate that hatched galls of the commonest galler, which serve as habitat for other species, can mediate non-trophic interactions that feedback to the galler modifying its interactions with parasitoids and inquiline aphids. I performed further manipulative experiments, excluding ants, live galls and hatched galls, to reveal mechanisms for the non-trophic interaction modifications observed in this system. Finally, I explored how non-trophic interaction modification could affect the structure and stability of a discrete ecological community in the field. I investigated how the densities of certain pairs of groups relate to each other, and how their relationship changes in relation to a third group. Then, I assembled an "effect network" revealing, for the first time in an empirical community, a hidden web of non-trophic indirect interactions modifying the direct interactions and modifying each other. Overall, the thesis presents evidence that communities are strongly interconnected through non-trophic indirect interactions. This is one of the first empirical demonstrations of the context-dependent modification of interactions via non-trophic interactions. However, determining the mechanisms behind such interaction modifications may be unfeasible. Understanding how the observed effects relate to community structuring requires shifting our focus from bipartite interaction networks to a more holistic approach.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:29:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3696.pdf: 5138781 bytes, checksum: bf8fe9db814dbf3d7dddcfacdc47515e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-29 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / ABSTRACT This study aimed to contribute to the knowledge of the Brazilian fauna of Metopiinae through the characterization and quantification of their genus and species in areas of semideciduous forest and savanna in Mogi-Guaçu River Basin, located in Minas Gerais and São Paulo. Malaise traps were installed in 10 sampling points located in six localities along the entire basin, during August 2009 to September 2010. It was collected 195 specimens of Metopiinae, distributed in 41 taxa (34 species- with seven new species-, and seven "close species") among then we found 15 new records for the Brazilian fauna (14 species and one genus). The species Exochus izbus Gauld & Sithole, 2002 and Exochus sp. n. 1 were more abundant and had better distribution, being found in five and six fragments, respectively. The sampling points relating to the localities of Andradas-MG and Luiz Antônio-SP had higher abundance and greater species richness of Metopiinae. The sampling points relating to Bom Repouso-MG (sampling point II: Boa Vereda de Cima) and Jacutinga-MG (Morro da Forquilha) had considerable richness of species and highest values of diversity and evenness. The sampling points of Luiz Antônio-SP, analyzed separately due to sampling differences, also had high diversity index and evenness, and the area of riparian forest had the highest richness and abundance of Metopiinae. The fragments with more faunistic similarity were sampling point I (Serra dos Garcias) and III (Damásio district), both in Bom Repouso-MG, with 70% of similarity. It was found that Metopiinae are more abundantly collected in the rainy season, confirming the relationship between abundance and seasonality. Descriptions of new species, the characterization of other species and more information about geographical distribution of Metopiinae were other important contributions of this work. / Este trabalho buscou contribuir para o conhecimento da fauna brasileira de Metopiinae através da caracterização e quantificação dos seus gêneros e espécies em áreas de floresta estacional semidecidual e cerrado localizados na Bacia do Rio Mogi-Guaçu nos Estados de Minas Gerais e São Paulo. A amostragem foi realizada através de armadilhas Malaise instaladas em 10 pontos amostrais localizados em 6 municípios ao longo de toda a Bacia Hidrográfica, durante o período de agosto de 2009 a setembro de 2010. Foram coletados 195 exemplares de Metopiinae, distribuídos em 41 táxons (34 espécies, sendo sete novas, e sete espécies próximas ) e com a constatação de 15 novos registros para a fauna brasileira (14 espécies e 1 gênero). Exochus izbus Gauld & Sithole, 2002 e Exochus sp. n. 1 foram as mais abundantes e com melhor distribuição, sendo encontradas em cinco e seis fragmentos, respectivamente. Os pontos amostrais referentes aos municípios de Andradas-MG e Luiz Antônio-SP apresentaram altos valores de abundância e riqueza de espécies de Metopiinae. Os pontos amostrais referentes à Bom Repouso (ponto II: Boa Vereda de Cima) e Jacutinga-MG (Morro da Forquilha), além de apresentarem riqueza considerável de espécies, apresentaram os maiores valores de diversidade e equitabilidade. Os pontos amostrais de Luiz Antônio-SP, analisados separadamente devido à diferenças amostrais, também apresentaram alto índice de diversidade e equitabilidade, e a área relativa à mata ciliar apresentou maior riqueza e abundância de Metopiinae coletados. Os pontos amostrais com maior similaridade faunística foram o ponto I (Serra dos Garcias) e o ponto III (Bairro Damásios), ambos no município de Bom Repouso-MG, com similaridade de 70%. Foi constatado que os Metopiinae são mais abundantemente coletados na estação chuvosa, confirmando a relação entre abundância e sazonalidade. As descrições das espécies novas, a caracterização das demais e a ampliação das informações sobre distribuição geográfica dos Metopiinae foram outras importantes contribuições desse trabalho.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:30:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6046.pdf: 2350666 bytes, checksum: aed9a60807abef9e46cdb0ad2d5f6de5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-28 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This is the first and most complete study of parasitoid wasps fauna associated with endophagous herbivores reared from flower-heads of Asteracea. A total of 36 remnants of Cerrado were sampled around São Paulo states, Brazil. 15,372 specimens of 192 species of parasitoid wasps were reared from 74 species of family Asteraceae. The subfamilies Eulophidae (Chalcidoidea) and Braconidae (Ichneumonoidea) represented most than a half of parasitoid wasps species. In addition to presenting a rich fauna of parasitoids, this study also addresses ecological issues regarding the main determinants of the parasitoid species richness from Brazilian savannah. The availability of food resources has crucial role in determining the species richness of parasitoids. In the first chapter of this thesis, we verified the role of geographical distribution of plants on the accumulation of natural enemies of their endophagous herbivores. In the second chapter, we verified through a path analysis which was the effect of local richness and phylogenetic diversity of plant species and their herbivores endophagous of flower-heads on local parasitoid species richness. In the third chapter we tested through an analysis of randomization if the patterns of the proportions of species of three trophic levels were consistent or stochastic. We conclude that both plants and their associated herbivores play a key role in determining the species richness of parasitoids in the Cerrado biome and the principals determinants of parasitoid wasps species richness were geographical distribution of plants, plant and herbivore richness, and the phytophysiognomy where species live. Due copyrights, all chapters of this thesis can be found published online in Neotropical Entomology, Insect Conservation and Diversity and Biota Neotropica magazines. / O presente estudo representa o primeiro e mais completo levantamento da fauna de vespas parasitoides associados a herbívoros endófagos de capítulos de Asteraceae. As coletas de dados foram realizadas em 36 remanescentes de Cerrado do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Um total de 15.372 espécimes de 192 morfoespécies de Hymenoptera foram criados a partir dos capítulos de 74 espécies da família Asteraceae. As famílias Eulophidae (Chalcidoidea) e Braconidae (Ichneumonoidea) representaram mais da metade das espécies encontradas. Além de apresentar uma rica fauna de parasitoides, este estudo também aborda questões ecológicas a respeito dos principais determinantes da riqueza de parasitoides na savana brasileira. A oferta dos recursos tem papel fundamental na determinação da riqueza das espécies de parasitoides. No primeiro capítulo desta tese verificamos o papel da distribuição geográfica das plantas sobre o acúmulo de espécies de inimigos naturais de seus herbívoros endófagos. No segundo capítulo verificamos através de uma análise de rota qual foi o efeito da riqueza e diversidade filogenética locais das espécies de plantas e de seus herbívoros endófagos de capítulos sobre a riqueza local de parasitoides. No terceiro capítulo testamos através de uma análise de aleatorização, se os padrões das proporções das espécies dos três níveis tróficos entre as fisionomias foram consistentes ou se estocásticos. Concluímos que tanto plantas como seus herbívoros associados exercem um papel fundamental na determinação da riqueza de espécies de parasitoides no domínio do Cerrado. Os temas contidos nesta tese foram organizados em capítulos independentes e estão elaborados em formato de artigos para as revistas Neotropical Entomology, Insect Conservation and Diversity e Biota Neotropica.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:31:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3954.pdf: 3597563 bytes, checksum: dc8511477ab741615577d2c14e4a008b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-10 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Geometridae larvae and their parasitoids were surveyed in a understory at Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus São Carlos, SP. Larvae were colected among April 2009 to April 2010, with an entomological umbrella in 18 native species plants. It obtained 863 larvae including 46 species and 24 genera belong to majority the Ennominae. The Larentiinae and Sterrhinae subfamilies were also represented for Eois and Cyclophora, respectively. The Ennominae genus obtained were: Certima, Glena, Herbita, Hymenomima, Iridopsis, Ischnopteris, Isochromodes, Lomographa, Macaria, Melanolophia, Microgonia, Microxydia, Nematocampa, Oxydia, Patalene, Pero, Phyllodonta, Physocleora, Prochoerodes, Sabulodes, Thyrinteina and Trotopera. Macaria rigidata was the more abundant species which represented 31%. It recorded 174 parasitized larvae from which 337 parasitoids emerged. They are distributed among Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Eulophidae (Hymenoptera) and Diptera, with Hymenoptera predominance. The obtained parasitoids were: Diolcogaster, Protapanteles, Glyptapanteles, Aleiodes, (Braconidae), Casinaria, Charops, Cryptophion, Diradops, Dusona, Jomine, Neotheronia, Podogaster, Polycyrtus, Mesochorinae (Ichneumonidae), Euplectrus (Eulophidae) and Tachinidae (Diptera). It recorded new parasitoids species of the genus: Diradops, Jomine and Neotheronia (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Geometridae larvae were present throughout the collection period and had increased occurrence at the end of rainy season. / Foi realizado um levantamento de larvas de Geometridae e de seus parasitoides em um subbosque localizado na Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus São Carlos, SP. As larvas foram coletadas, no período de abril de 2009 a abril de 2010, por meio de guarda-chuva entomológico em 18 espécies de plantas nativas. Foram coletadas 863 larvas incluindo 46 espécies e 24 gêneros pertencentes na maioria aos Ennominae. As subfamílias Larentiinae e Sterrhinae foram também representadas, respectivamente com os gêneros Eois e Cyclophora. Os gêneros de Ennominae obtidos foram: Certima, Glena, Herbita, Hymenomima, Iridopsis, Ischnopteris, Isochromodes, Lomographa, Macaria, Melanolophia, Microgonia, Microxydia, Nematocampa, Oxydia, Patalene, Pero, Phyllodonta, Physocleora, Prochoerodes, Sabulodes, Thyrinteina e Trotopera. A espécie mais abundante foi Macaria rigidata que representou 31%. Foram registradas 174 larvas parasitadas das quais emergiram 337 parasitoides distribuídos em Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Eulophidae (Hymenoptera) e Diptera, com a predominância de Hymenoptera. Os parasitoides obtidos foram: Diolcogaster, Protapanteles, Glyptapanteles, Aleiodes, (Braconidae), Casinaria, Charops, Cryptophion, Diradops, Dusona, Jomine, Neotheronia, Podogaster, Polycyrtus, Mesochorinae (Ichneumonidae), Euplectrus (Eulophidae) e Tachinidae (Diptera). Foram registradas novas espécies de parasitoides dos gêneros: Diradops, Jomine e Neotheronia (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). As larvas de Geometridae estiveram presentes em todo o período de coleta e apresentaram maior ocorrência no final do período chuvoso.

Submitted by THAMIRIS PORTO SIPRIANO null (thamirissipriano@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-25T18:52:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Thamiris_P_Sipriano_Nascimento.pdf: 4242269 bytes, checksum: f1cea7d70929c1ee1987ac7edb9418a6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-27T20:37:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nascimento_tps_me_jabo.pdf: 4242269 bytes, checksum: f1cea7d70929c1ee1987ac7edb9418a6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-27T20:37:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nascimento_tps_me_jabo.pdf: 4242269 bytes, checksum: f1cea7d70929c1ee1987ac7edb9418a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-11 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O parasitoide Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), quando liberado em cana-de-açúcar, depende de sua capacidade de dispersão e forrageamento para o efetivo controle de Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Nesse sentido, o objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a influência da temperatura nos aspectos biológicos dos insetos produzidos em dez biofábricas brasileiras: I) Santa Ernestina-SP, II) Américo Brasiliense-SP, III) Ribeirão Preto-SP, IV) Pradópolis-SP, V) Sertãozinho-SP, VI) Promissão-SP, VII) Bandeirantes-PR, VIII) Quirinópolis-GO, IX) Campo Novo do Parecis-MT e X) Coruripe-AL, bem como analisar a influência das temperaturas 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32 e 34 ± 1°C na performance do parasitoide. Para tanto, foram avaliados: atividade de voo, sobrevivência, capacidade de parasitismo, descendentes viáveis e razão sexual dos insetos produzidos. Os parasitoides da Biofábrica IX foram aqueles que apresentaram a maior porcentagem de insetos voadores (43,4%) a 25°C; independente da temperatura, a maioria das populações apresentaram maiores porcentagens de insetos caminhadores. As fêmeas da biofábrica I apresentaram maior sobrevivência média (56 horas). A temperatura influenciou a sobrevivência dos parasitoides, sendo maior a 22°C para todas as populações. Apenas as biofábricas III) Riberirão Preto-SP e VII) Bandeirantes-PR apresentaram menor produção de descendentes. No geral, as temperaturas de 28 e 30°C favoreceram a produção de descendentes de C. flavipes, sendo que a razão sexual não foi influenciada por esse fator abiótico. / The parasitoid Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), when released in sugarcane, depends on its dispersal and foraging capacity for the effective control of Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). In this sense, the objective of the work was to analyze the influence of temperature in some biological aspects of the insects produced in ten Brazilian biofactories: I) Santa Ernestina-SP, II) Américo Brasiliense-SP, III) Ribeirão Preto-SP, IV) Pradópolis-SP, V) Sertãozinho, VI) Promissão-SP, VII) Bandeirantes-PR, VIII) Quirinópolis-GO, IX) Campo Novo do Parecis-MT and X) Coruripe-AL, as well to analyze the influence of temperatures 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32 and 34 ± 1°C in the parasitoid performance. For that, the following biological parameters were evaluated: flight activity, survival, parasitism capacity, viable offspring and sex ratio of insects produced. The parasitoids of biofactory IX were those that presented the highest percentage of flying adults (43.4%) at 25°C. Independent of temperature, most of the populations had higher percentages of walkers insects. The females of biofactory I presented highest survival average (56 hours). The temperature influenced the parasitoids survival, being higher at 22°C for all populations. Only biofactories III) Ribeirão Preto-SP and VII) Bandeirantes-PR showed lower production of offspring. In general, temperatures of 28 and 30°C favored the production of C. flavipes offspring, and the sex ratio was not influenced by temperature. / CNPq: 134531/2015-9