The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted parents and children leading to increased stress and decreased psychological well-being (Black et al., 2021; Duan et al., 2020; Spinelli et al., 2020). Building on current research, this study aimed to investigate how COVID-19 impacted parenting stress, parent and child well-being, and parent-child communication. Using a two-part mixed-methods design, this study adds to the growing literature examining the deleterious effects the pandemic has had on families. Study 1 aimed to explore the impact of COVID-19 on child worry and parent-child communication, while also investigating the mediating effects of parenting stress and parent worry. In addition, two moderators, namely child age and social support were tested. Participants included 163 parents of children between the ages of 6- to 12-years old across Canada. Although a mediating effect was not found, path analysis results indicated that greater reports of impacts and perceived threat around COVID-19 related to increased parent worry, and increased parental worry related to increased child worry. Additionally, greater parenting stress related to less-open communication. Thematic analysis of parent reports indicated that parents prioritized providing children with information about the pandemic, as well as instructing children on safety behaviours. Study 2 aimed to determine how changes in the pandemic related to changes in child worry and parent-child communication. Participants of Study 2 were 44 parents who also participated in Study 1. Compared to reports in Study 1, parents experienced less perceived threat around COVID-19, but reported no change in parenting stress, parent worry, or COVID-19 impacts. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that the only significant predictors of child worry and parent-child open communication at Time 2 were child worry and parent-child open communication at Time 1, respectively. Taken together, findings from both Study 1 and Study 2 highlight the negative impact the pandemic is having on parent and child well-being, as well as the negative impact of parenting stress on parent-child communication. Additionally, findings indicate that level of distress and openness of communication are relatively stable across the pandemic. Implications of these findings are discussed. / Graduate / 2023-08-10

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Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur yrkesverksamma upplever att barnperspektivet beaktas i ärenden där barn har minst en frihetsberövad förälder. Intervjuer med fem yrkesverksamma inom Kriminalvården, Socialtjänsten och Bufff (Barn och ungdom med förälder/familjemedlem i fängelse) har genomförts, samt analyserats med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Det framkom tre kategorier och sex subkategorier av analysen. Av resultatet framkom att det är av vikt att beakta ett barnperspektiv i ärenden där barn har minst en frihetsberövad förälder. I studien framkom också att de yrkesverksamma arbetar utefter barnet på olika sätt beroende på vilken aktör de arbetar inom. Samt att samverkan har en betydelse för hur arbetet kring dessa barn sker idag och i framtiden. Avsikten med studien är att bidra med en medvetenhet kring vikten av att se till vad som är bäst för barnet i ärenden där barn har minst en frihetsberövad förälder. Resultatet visar också på vilken betydelse yrkesverksammas arbete och utförande har för dessa barn. / The main purpose of this study was to examine how professionals experience that the child’s perspective is considered in cases where children have at least one parent in custody. Interviews with five professionals working within probation service, social service and ”Bufff” (Child and youth with parent/family member in custody) have been completed, and analysed using a qualitative content analysis. The analysis generated three categories and six sub-categories. Results show that it is of great importance to consider a child’s perspective in cases where children have at least one parent in custody. The study also shows that professionals work differently according to the child’s needs depending on the area in which they work, and that cooperation and communication is of great importance for how the work is handled today and hereafter. The intention of the study was to contribute with an awareness about the importance of looking at the child’s needs in cases where the child has at least one parent in custody. The results also show that the work and how it is performed is of great importance for these children.

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in communication between parents and adolescents in restructured and structured families. To supplement the literature, two groups of adolescents were given questionnaires on parent child communication. The experimental group was from restructured families while the control group was from structured families. An in depth study through interviews and Thematic Apperception Tests was done. Furthermore, the researcher supported her study by exploring case studies, group therapy sessions and some sessions during her years of internship. Besides the fact that there was no significant difference in communication between these groups, language as a factor in communication seemed to have a significant impact. In the eight moments (criteria) under which the questions of the questionnaire were categorized, it came out that good communication is not dependent on the structure of the family but on the interaction of individuals within any family. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in communication between parents and adolescents in restructured and structured families. To supplement the literature, two groups of adolescents were given questionnaires on parent child communication. The experimental group was from restructured families while the control group was from structured families. An in depth study through interviews and Thematic Apperception Tests was done. Furthermore, the researcher supported her study by exploring case studies, group therapy sessions and some sessions during her years of internship. Besides the fact that there was no significant difference in communication between these groups, language as a factor in communication seemed to have a significant impact. In the eight moments (criteria) under which the questions of the questionnaire were categorized, it came out that good communication is not dependent on the structure of the family but on the interaction of individuals within any family. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)