No description available.

The present study involved an extension and evaluation of a mindfulness-based training program for families of adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). MYmind: Mindfulness training for Youth with ADHD and their parents (Bogels et al., 2008) is an eight-week manualized treatment incorporating elements of mindfulness meditation, ADHD psychoeducation and cognitive behavioural therapy. MYmind focuses on helping families cultivate mindfulness through training in formal meditation practices and integrating this skill into the context of everyday life as a means of managing ADHD symptoms, stress, family relations and difficult emotions. A North American sample of 13 parents and 9 adolescents (ages 13-18) participated in MYmind; during the intervention, parents and adolescents attended separate groups that ran simultaneously. Using a time-series multiple baseline design, constructs of stress, distress from family conflict, ADHD symptomatology and meditation practice were measured via short questionnaires emailed daily to both parents and adolescents throughout baseline, treatment and six months of follow-up. For multiple baseline purposes, intervention was introduced in a time-lagged fashion. Results from parent and adolescent reports indicated reductions in parent and adolescent stress, parent and adolescent distress due to family conflict, and increased frequency and duration of meditation practice. Parent reports suggested a decrease in their adolescents’ inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms after participating in MYmind, a reduction that was not confirmed by adolescent reports. Most treatment gains were maintained up to six-months following treatment completion. Meditation practice was significantly correlated with reduced stress levels for both groups. Both parents and adolescents reported high satisfaction with the MYmind program overall. Mindfulness training appears to hold considerable potential for improving the multiple difficulties experienced by adolescents with ADHD and their parents.

The present study involved an extension and evaluation of a mindfulness-based training program for families of adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). MYmind: Mindfulness training for Youth with ADHD and their parents (Bogels et al., 2008) is an eight-week manualized treatment incorporating elements of mindfulness meditation, ADHD psychoeducation and cognitive behavioural therapy. MYmind focuses on helping families cultivate mindfulness through training in formal meditation practices and integrating this skill into the context of everyday life as a means of managing ADHD symptoms, stress, family relations and difficult emotions. A North American sample of 13 parents and 9 adolescents (ages 13-18) participated in MYmind; during the intervention, parents and adolescents attended separate groups that ran simultaneously. Using a time-series multiple baseline design, constructs of stress, distress from family conflict, ADHD symptomatology and meditation practice were measured via short questionnaires emailed daily to both parents and adolescents throughout baseline, treatment and six months of follow-up. For multiple baseline purposes, intervention was introduced in a time-lagged fashion. Results from parent and adolescent reports indicated reductions in parent and adolescent stress, parent and adolescent distress due to family conflict, and increased frequency and duration of meditation practice. Parent reports suggested a decrease in their adolescents’ inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms after participating in MYmind, a reduction that was not confirmed by adolescent reports. Most treatment gains were maintained up to six-months following treatment completion. Meditation practice was significantly correlated with reduced stress levels for both groups. Both parents and adolescents reported high satisfaction with the MYmind program overall. Mindfulness training appears to hold considerable potential for improving the multiple difficulties experienced by adolescents with ADHD and their parents.

Previous research has focused on developmental trends in parent-adolescent conflict without extensively describing individual differences in conflict. The current study tested child factors, parent factors, contextual factors, and adolescence-specific factors as concurrent correlates and longitudinal predictors of parent-adolescent conflict. Participants include 218 mother-child dyads, adolescents’ mean age (11years, 11months). Parent and adolescent data was collected during the summers following the adolescents’ 5th and 6th grade years. All four groups of variables were associated with parent-adolescent conflict. The child group of factors emerged as the most consistent group of variables concurrently and longitudinally.

Thesis (M.S.)--Miami University, Dept. of Family Studies and Social Work, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 27-30).

The research question was whether there are differences in parentadolescentconflict across the domains of governance transfer betweenCanada and Sweden. Participants were students in classes 7 – 9, aged 13 –16 years old. Results show that the amount of conflict differed acrosscultures, across domains, and across genders. Parent-adolescent conflict isnot universal, but instead rather dependent on context. The Swedishadolescents´ reported significantly more conflict-level discussions than theCanadian adolescents´. Regarding the same issue that the Swedishadolescents reported having a lower conflict resolution, suggesting thathaving a conflict-level discussion makes it harder to reach a conflictresolution. The results of this research suggests that conflict among parentand adolescents is uncommon. What was more common was discussionsabout issues across the domains of governance transfer. / Forskningsfrågan var om det fanns skillnader i konflikt mellan föräldrar ochungdomar över domänerna i governance transfer i Kanada och Sverige.Deltagare var studenter i klasserna sju till nio, som var 13 till 16 år gamla.Resultat visade att mängden konflikt varierade över kulturer, över domäner,och mellan könen. Konflikt mellan förälder och ungdom är inte universell,utan istället beroende på kontext. De svenska ungdomarna rapporteradesignifikant fler diskussioner på konfliktnivå än de kanadensiskaungdomarna. Rörande samma fråga som de svenska ungdomarnarapporterade färre diskussioner med en konfliktlösning, vilket tyder på att haen konflikt gör det svårare att nå en konfliktlösning. Resultaten visar attkonflikt är ovanligt. Vad som är vanligare är diskussioner om frågor idomänerna av governance transfer.

Latinx adolescents report higher levels of anxiety and depression symptoms (i.e., internalizing symptoms) compared to other ethnic groups. Research studies primarily conducted with European American youth have concluded that difficulties in emotion regulation and parent-adolescent conflict are associated with an increased risk for youth internalizing symptoms. Additionally, an important Latinx cultural value, familism, has been identified as a protective factor for internalizing symptoms for Latinx adolescents. Therefore, the current study examined how familism, parent-adolescent conflict, and difficulties in emotion regulation interact to influence the development of internalizing symptoms among Latinx adolescents. It was hypothesized that (a) parent-adolescent conflict and difficulties in emotion regulation would be positively correlated with internalizing symptoms, (b) a mediation model of the association between parent-adolescent conflict and internalizing symptoms through difficulties in emotion regulation would be supported, (c) familism would be negatively correlated with internalizing symptoms, and (e) familism would moderate the relation between parent-adolescent conflict and difficulties in emotion regulation. Lastly, this project explored whether familism would moderate the mediation model of the association between parent-adolescent conflict and internalizing symptoms through difficulties in emotion regulation. To test this, data from the Salud de los Adolescentes Latinos study, which recruited Latinx adolescents (N = 92) from Northern Utah, was analyzed. Results from the study showed that higher levels of parent-adolescent conflict, difficulties in emotion regulation, and the future support subscale of familism were associated with an increased risk for internalizing symptoms among Latinx adolescents. Based on previous research, it was predicted that higher levels of familism would be associated with lower levels of internalizing symptoms, showing a protective effect. However, an association in the opposite direction was found, indicating that in this study familism served as a risk factor. In addition, familism did not moderate the association between parent-adolescent conflict and difficulties in emotion regulation nor the mediation model tested from the second study aim. Future studies should investigate the specific risk and protective properties of familism for Latinx adolescents. Findings also indicated that the association between parent-adolescent conflict and internalizing symptoms was partially explained through difficulties in emotion regulation. In other words, higher parent-adolescent conflict was associated with more adolescent difficulties in emotion regulation, which subsequently increased the risk for internalizing symptoms. These findings suggest that parent-adolescent conflict and difficulties in emotion regulation are risk factors for Latinx youth internalizing problems. Therefore, prevention and intervention efforts should target parent-adolescent conflict and difficulties in emotion regulation to reduce the risk for internalizing symptoms among Latinx adolescents.

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No description available.

Sommaire Cette thèse examine les liens entre la présence de risques suicidaires chez les adolescents et leur perception des pratiques de chacun de leurs parents. L’étude a examiné l’association entre le comportement suicidaire et différents aspects des pratiques parentales incluant l’affection, l’exercice du contrôle comportemental et psychologique ainsi que les conflits entre parent et adolescents. La thèse a également examiné l’effet du statut matrimonial des parents sur le comportement suicidaire chez les jeunes. Le dernier objectif de l’étude a été d’explorer le rôle du sexe de l’adolescent comme facteur de vulnérabilité face au suicide. L’échantillon de l’étude était composé 1096 adolescents Montréalais, âgés de 11 à 18 ans. L’échantillon était également réparti entre filles et garçons, fréquentant deux écoles secondaires de la région de Montréal, dans la province du Québec au Canada. Il y avait deux groupes à l’étude : le groupe suicidaire et le groupe non-suicidaire. Le premier groupe incluait les sujets présentant des idéations suicidaires et ceux ayant fait une ou plusieurs tentatives de suicide. Un questionnaire auto-rapporté fut administré à chaque sujet pour évaluer les dimensions suivantes auprès de la mère et du père : le niveau de proximité affective, le niveau de supervision parentale, le contrôle comportemental et le contrôle psychologique, la tolérance à l’égard des amis, ainsi que la fréquence et l’impact émotionnel des conflits. Une échelle a également évalué la présence éventuelle de comportements suicidaires chez les jeunes. Dans le but de tester l’hypothèse de base de l’étude, une série d’analyses descriptives et une MANCOVA ont été réalisées. L’hypothèse générale de la thèse postulant que les adolescents ayant des risques suicidaires présenteraient des relations plus problématiques avec leurs parents fut confirmée. En contrôlant l’effet de la détresse psychologique des adolescents, les analyses ont mené à la conclusion que, dans les familles biparentales, un faible niveau de proximité affective avec la mère, une fréquence plus élevée de conflits avec la mère, un excès du contrôle psychologique et un plus faible niveau de supervision maternelle, présentaient des liens significatifs avec le comportement suicidaire chez les adolescents. Indépendamment de la structure familiale, les caractéristiques suivantes du père étaient respectivement perçues par l’adolescent comme ayant des liens significatifs avec le comportement suicidaire des adolescents: faible proximité affective, impact émotionnel et fréquence élevée des conflits ainsi que le manque de supervision. Ces résultats ont été interprétés à la lumière des théories de la socialisation qui mettent l’accent sur le rôle central de la qualité des liens affectifs entre parents et adolescents, comme facteur de protection contre les risques suicidaires. Les résultats ont aussi révélé que les filles adolescentes sont plus exposées aux risques suicidaires tels que tentatives et idéations suicidaires. Les conclusions de cette étude soulignent le besoin urgent de recherches plus poussées sur le comportement suicidaire des adolescents et leurs liens avec les facteurs familiaux, en tenant compte du statut matrimonial des parents. La thèse met également l’accent sur la nécessité de mettre en place des programmes de prévention auprès des adolescents présentant des risques suicidaires élevés. / Abstract This thesis explores the relationship between the risk of suicidal behaviour in adolescents and their perception of parental practices used in their families. This study is primarily aimed at investigating the association between suicidal behavior in a Montreal sample of adolescents and several aspects of their parents’ parental practices including parent-child bonding, parental psychological and behavioral control, and parent- adolescent conflict. The second goal of this thesis was to examine the effect of parents’ marital status on adolescents’ suicidal behavior. The final objective of this study was to explore the link between gender difference and vulnerability to suicidal behavior in adolescents. The participants of this study included 1096 Montréal high school students, aged between 11 and 18 years, equally divided in boys and girls, in the province of Québec, Canada. There were two groups involved in this study: non suicidal and suicidal behavior. The suicidal behavior group included both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt behaviors. A self-report questionnaire was administrated to evaluate the level of parent and child bonding, the quality of parental psychological and behavioral control, and the level of adolescent’s conflict with each of the parents and risk of suicide in young individuals. A series of descriptive analysis and a multivariate analysis of covariant (MANCOVA) was performed in order to test the hypotheses of the study. The general hypotheses of the study postulating that adolescents who perceived a more troubled relationship with their parents, were at a higher risk of suicidal behaviors were confirmed. The evaluation of parental practices characteristics after being controlled for psychological distress and family structure concluded that in the case of intact families the high emotional impact and frequency of conflict with the mother, lack of maternal emotional bonding, excess of maternal psychological control, and lack of maternal supervision are significantly related to adolescents’ suicidal behaviors. In both families structures, the strongest significant characteristics of paternal parental practices perceived by adolescents with suicidal behavior was the lack of emotional bonding between father and child, the high impact and frequency of conflict between them, and lack of paternal supervision respectively. These results are interpreted in the light of socialization theory which emphasizes on the crucial role of the quality of the parent- adolescent bonding as a protective factor against suicidality in adolescents. The result also revealed that adolescent girls are at a higher risk of demonstrating suicidal behaviors such as ideation and attempt than boys. The findings of this study demonstrate an urgent need for more research on adolescent’s suicidal behavior and risk factors especially on parents’ marital status. The study also highlights the necessity of designing prevention programs specifically aimed at adolescents with an elevated risk of suicide.