No description available.

Parental depression can interfere with numerous aspects of parents’ lives, including parenting behaviors. Previous research has explored the relationship between past parental depression or current depressive symptoms and negative parenting behaviors. The current study investigates two models of mediation to explain the relationship between parental depression and parenting. In the first, it explores whether mindfulness mediates the relationship between past depression severity and three parenting behaviors: withdrawn/disengaged parenting, low levels of positive parenting and poor monitoring/supervision. In the second, it explores whether mindfulness mediates the relationship between current depressive symptoms and four parenting behaviors: withdrawn/disengaged parenting, low levels of positive parenting, poor monitoring/supervision and inconsistent discipline. The sample draws from two research sites, one in Burlington, Vermont and the other in Nashville, Tennessee and included previously or currently depressed parents (n=121; mean age = 42.5 years, SD = 7.40 years, range = 24-69), and their 9-15 year old children (n=167; mean age = 11.40 years, SD = 2.30 years, range = 9-15). All participating parents and children completed written measures at the time of their initial assessment. The overall findings of this study indicate that parents’ current depressive symptoms, but not past depression severity, increase the risk of low levels of positive parenting and parenting with greater inconsistent discipline, and that these associations are mediated by a parent’s level of mindfulness.

No description available.

Introducción: En los últimos años el efecto de la globalización, va cobrando especial relevancia; los conflictos interpersonales y la violencia cada vez va en aumento y se hace presente en todo lugar. Los roles que tradicionalmente se le asignaban a la familia y los estilos de socialización que cada miembro tenía en el sistema familiar a evolucionado, lo que en efecto produce cambios favorables o desfavorable. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación de estilos de socialización parental y las habilidades sociales del adolescente. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, correlacional, de corte transversal; unidad de análisis fueron estudiantes de 4° y 5° de secundaria. La población estuvo conformada por 121 estudiantes, con una muestra probabilística de 93. El instrumento empleado para habilidades sociales fue la Escala de habilidades sociales de Gismero y para estilos de socialización parental la Escala de socialización parental en adolescentes de Musitu; previa validez y confiabilidad, se considero la prueba de Estaninos para obtener el valor final. Resultados: El estilo de socialización parenteral de la Madre es 56, 99% (53) catalogadas como Negligentes; el del Padre es de 52, 96% (49) como Autorizativo; el 53, 8% (50) de los adolescentes presentan habilidades sociales medias; 25, 8% (24) baja; existiendo asociación significativa entre los estilos de socialización de la madre y padre y las habilidades sociales del adolescente ( chi cuadrado de 0,002 y 0,05). Conclusiones: Los estilos de socialización son negligente para la madre y autorizativo para el padre; existiendo asociación significativa entre estilos de socialización parental y habilidades sociales. Las habilidades sociales son mayoritariamente de media a baja en los adolescentes

In the past ten years, the number of English cram schools has tripled in Taiwan and more than 70% of fifth and sixth graders claim they attended cram schools before receiving formal English education in primary schools. In response to pressures of both globalisation and localisation, the government introduced a school policy of learning a Taiwanese minority language, in addition to Mandarin, in 2005. The majority of parents, however, are not keen to encourage their children to learn a Taiwanese second language compared to the ‘trend’ of learning English (as a foreign language). This study explores family language policies using a multiple-case-study strategy with twelve families whose children attend a language school in Taichung, Taiwan, with two additional cases from different geolinguistic areas. The main focus is on how parents form their ideologies about language and language learning. The data were gathered using semi-structured interviews. The macro- and micro-factors which underpin the parents’ language ideologies are the central focus of analysis. Amongst these families the process of ideology formation involves more than three languages, English, Mandarin, Minnan and Hakfa (which, in this study, is the only representative of other minority languages spoken in Taiwan). The three Chinese languages appear as ‘mother tongue’ in various combinations amongst the parents in the study. The findings indicate that the influence of macro- and micro-factors on parents’ language ideologies is complex and interactive, rather than linear. Significant macro-factors identified include the local, national and global sociolinguistic environments, government policies and economic factors, notably the labour market. Macro-factors, as well as micro-factors, do not influence parents’ ideologies in isolation from each other. Similar, shared macro-contexts are responded to in diverse ways by the parents in the study, with familial mother tongue, educational experiences and different perceptions of the social roles of language all playing a part. Parents’ language ideologies are, therefore, clearly not structurally determined, but neither do the parents act as ‘free agents’ in their ideological choices which, in turn, have an impact on family language management and language practices. The complexity and fluidity of the Taiwanese language situation and the rapid social, political and economic changes that are taking place in the community make this study particularly valuable in enhancing our understanding of how personal language ideologies evolve.

Orientador: Patricia Pintor dos Reis / Resumo: Introdução: O adenocarcinoma é o subtipo histológico mais comum de câncer de pulmão e leva à óbito milhões de pacientes a cada ano, mundialmente. Biomarcadores com utilidade clínica potencial têm sido identificados; entre estes, os RNAs não codificadores e os pseudogenes apresentam um potente papel na regulação de genes-alvo e genes parentais regulados por mRNAs respectivamente, os quais estão associados a vias moleculares de tumorigênese. Objetivos: Identificar alterações na expressão de pseudogenes em adenocarcinoma pulmonar, utilizando dados de transcritoma (RNA-Seq). Material e Métodos: Este estudo incluiu 27 tumores de adenocarcinoma pulmonar e 10 tecidos pulmonares histologicamente normais, adjacentes ao tumor, dos mesmos pacientes. Dados de RNA-Seq foram gerados na plataforma Illumina HiScan SQ e utilizados para a aplicação de uma estratégia de análise a fim de identificar sequências de pseudogenes com expressão anormal em tumores. Os pseudogenes com expressão significativamente alterada (p<0,05) foram validados no banco de dados The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) e utilizados para identificação funcional, in silico, utilizando métodos computacionais incluindo o IID (Integrated Interactions Database), TOPPGENES (functional enrichment analysis), mirDip (microRNA Data Integration Portal) e NAViGaTOR (Network Analysis, Visualization, & GraphingTORonto). Resultados e Discussão: Foram identificados 60 pseudogenes desregulados em adenocarcinoma pulmonar, sendo que 34 destes fora... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Background: Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common histological subtype of lung cancer and is associated with high rates of patient death (>1 million), every year. Clinically useful biomarkers have been identified; among these, non-coding RNAs and pseudogenes have a potent role in the regulation of miRNA target genes and parental genes, respectively, which are associated with tumorigenesis pathways. Objectives: To identify alterations in pseudogene expression in lung adenocarcinoma using transcriptome data (RNA-Seq). Material and Methods: This study included 27 lung adenocarcinoma and 10 histologically normal tissues, adjacent to the tumors, from the same patients. RNA-Seq data were generated on the Illumina HiScan SQ platform and utilized for application of a data analysis strategy (pipeline) in order to identify pseudogene sequences with abnormal expression in tumor compare to normal tissues. Pseudogenes with significantly altered expression (p<0,05) were validated using external dataset The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and subsequently used for in silico functional analysis, using computational tools including IID (Integrated Interactions Database), TOPPGENES (functional enrichment analysis), mirDip (microRNA Data Integration Portal) and NAViGaTOR (Network Analysis, Visualization, & Graphing TORonto). Results and Discussion: A total of 60 deregulated pseudogenes were identified in pulmonary adenocarcinoma, 34 of which were validated in the TCGA database. Some pseudogenes sho... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Very little research has studied the common challenge in adulthood of coming to terms with the eventual mortality of one’s parents as they age and experience illness. The present work begins to explore this emotional adjustment and draws on Attachment Theory and the study of how people cope with their own mortality (Terror Management Theory) to develop hypotheses about potential responses of the adult child. Feelings of vigilance and thoughts or behavioural predispositions toward proximity-seeking, disengagement, and control are considered. I hypothesized specific differences in these responses based on the tendency for those high in attachment anxiety to ‘hyperactivate’ attachment-related thoughts and for those high in attachment avoidance to ‘deactivate’ these thoughts. Study 1 used self-report measures in a community sample of adults for whom a parent had experienced a significant illness. Participants high in either attachment anxiety or attachment avoidance were less likely to seek proximity to ill parents than those low on these attachment dimensions. Those high in attachment avoidance were also less likely to experience feelings of vigilance for signs of illness in their parents and to want to assert control over their parents’ health care relative to those who were low in attachment avoidance. These findings were consistent with hypotheses based on attachment avoidance but opposite to hypotheses based on attachment anxiety. Variation in responses to an ill parent was also found depending on the age of participants and their parents, the severity of the parents’ illness and their health care behaviours, and whether the adult served as a caregiver for their parent. Using a word-completion task, Study 2 assessed whether themes of proximity, disengagement, and control were cognitively accessible following imaginal induction of a parents’ mortality, participants’ own mortality, or an experience of physical pain. The pattern of results did not support hypothesized differences in reaction times based on dimensions of attachment anxiety and avoidance. Predicted differences based on which induction was completed were also not found. Self-report responses replicated findings from Study 1 such that participants high in attachment anxiety were less likely to want to seek proximity to ill parents when thinking about their mortality than those low in attachment anxiety, and that those high in attachment avoidance were less likely to feel vigilant and to want to seek proximity or to assert control over their parent relative to those who scored low on measures of attachment avoidance. The manner in which adults respond to being confronted with their parents’ mortality has significant implications for their own emotional well-being as well as for the emotional and physical well-being of their parent. Given that adults often become caregivers for their ill and aging parents, this area of study warrants further research.

This study was an attempt to begin to understand the phenomenon of coming out from the parental perspective. Specifically, it focused on the factors contained within a child’s disclosure of his or her sexual orientation and their impact on a parent’s satisfaction with the disclosure. Participants were eleven parents of gay and lesbian children. Participants were interviewed individually regarding their memories of the moment that their children revealed their sexual orientations to them. Participants were asked questions about the parent/child relationship prior to the disclosure, questions about the disclosure as it actually occurred, and were also asked to describe the most ideal coming out scenario that they could imagine. Interview data were analyzed according to the naturalistic inquiry process as outlined by Lincoln and Guba (1985). The results indicate that there are two types of components that influence parental satisfaction with the disclosure of a child’s sexual orientation: relational components and process components. Relational components are those aspects of the parent/child dynamic that influence a parent’s feelings of satisfaction regarding the disclosure experience. Process components are the specific elements of the disclosure moment that influence a parent’s ability to assimilate the information shared by the child and subsequently allow for the integration of that information into their schema of the child and the parent/child relationship. These two categories are discussed along with a proposed framework for understanding them as well as methods of integrating them into an individual’s coming out script. The findings of the current study may be useful in helping gay and lesbian children develop more successful and accessible coming out disclosures which are targeted towards their parents. In addition, these results may guide the interventions of mental health professionals as they work with individuals who are preparing to come out to their parents. Future studies that address the specific components mentioned within this study would be useful, as would studies which address the coming out phenomenon from the perspective of other family members.

Thèse:Linköping : Univ., 2002. / Résumé en anglais : Household production and parental leave : to clean, cook and wash - with and without the child.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-212).