No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:27:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Paula Justo.pdf: 506587 bytes, checksum: a4cb5a1485d856d4b4983792cc8fcefc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-02-04 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas / The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the parenting style used with adolescents and the adolescents' level of stress. One hundred adolescents participated in the research. Thirty seven were male and 63 female, between the ages of 13 and 18 years old. All of the participants responded to the Identification Questionnaire, the Scale of Stress for Adolescents, and The Scale of Observed Parenting Responsiveness and Demands. The results indicated that 73% of the respondents had stress. The number of women with stress was significantly higher than among the men (p= 0.042). With respect to the classification of the parenting styles of the parents, the authoritative style and the negligent style were the most common among the mothers: 27% in both cases, followed by the indulgent style (14%) and the authority style (13%). Among the fathers, 32% used the authoritative style, followed by the negligent style (21%), the authority style (15%), and the indulgent style (14%). Combining the data, most parents were regarded by the adolescents as authoritative (33%), followed by the negligent style (32%), the indulgent style (16%), and the authority style (15%). There was no difference between girls and boys' perception referring to the parenting style. The association of the maternal parenting style with the level of stress of the adolescents was not significant (p= 0.300). There was a significant relationship (p= 0.015) between the parenting style among the fathers and the stress of the adolescents. There was also a significant correlation between the combined parenting style and the stress of the adolescents (p= 0.004). The data suggests that there is a relationship between the parenting style of the parents and the level of stress of their adolescent children. The indulgent style was more present in the parents of children with no stress. The authority style, followed by the negligent style, on the other hand, was more present among parents of stressed adolescents. The authoritative style was found to be associated with adolescents with moderate levels of stress. Parental responsiveness seems to play a protective role in the stress of the adolescents. High levels of parental demandingness was shown to add to the stress of the adolescents. These results open doors to new studies in this field; they are also useful for the development of new programs of stress control for adolescents. / O objetivo deste estudo foi averiguar a rela??o entre o estilo parental percebido e o n?vel de stress dos adolescentes. Cem adolescentes, 37 do sexo masculino e 63 do sexo feminino, na faixa et?ria entre 13 e 18 anos, responderam ? Ficha de Identifica??o, ? Escala de Stress para Adolescentes e ?s Escalas de Exig?ncia e Responsividade Parental Percebidas. Os resultados indicaram que 73% dos adolescentes da amostra tinham stress, e que o n?mero de mulheres com stress era significativamente maior do que o de homens (p= 0.042). Quanto ? classifica??o do estilo parental dos progenitores, as m?es estavam mais presentes nos estilos autoritativo e negligente, ambos com 27%, seguidos pelos estilos indulgente (14%) e autorit?rio (13%). Em rela??o aos pais, 32% utilizavam o estilo autoritativo, seguido pelo estilo negligente (21%), autorit?rio (15%) e pelo indulgente (14%). Quanto aos dados combinados, a maioria dos pais era percebida como utilizando o estilo autoritativo (33%), seguido pelo negligente (32%), indulgente (16%) e pelo autorit?rio (15%). N?o houve diferen?a na percep??o dos meninos e meninas quanto ao estilo parental de seus pais. Na associa??o do estilo parental materno com o n?vel de stress dos filhos n?o foi revelada uma associa??o significativa entre esses dois aspectos (p =0.300); j? na rela??o entre o estilo parental paterno e o stress dos adolescentes revelou-se uma associa??o significativa (p= 0,015); tamb?m foi obtida uma rela??o significativa entre o estilo parental combinado e o stress dos filhos (p= 0,004). Os dados sugerem a exist?ncia de uma rela??o entre o estilo parental dos progenitores e o n?vel de stress dos filhos adolescentes. O estilo indulgente esteve mais presente em pais de filhos sem stress; j? o estilo autorit?rio seguido pelo negligente estiveram mais presentes em pais de filhos com stress. O estilo autoritativo ocupou uma posi??o intermedi?ria. A responsividade parental se apresentou como um aspecto protetor para o stress dos filhos, por outro lado, a exig?ncia parental demonstrou ser uma fonte de stress para os filhos adolescentes. Os resultados abrem um novo espa?o para estudos nesta ?rea, al?m de favorecerem o desenvolvimento de programas de profilaxia e controle do stress para adolescentes.

No description available.

The purpose of this exploratory study was to further investigate the notion of parental competencies through the use of the Juvenile Offender Parent Questionnaire as previously developed by Rose and colleagues (2004). The parent questionnaire was administered to 88 parents of juvenile probationers placed on probation in a Virginia county. Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed an eight-factor solution: parental exasperation, parental resignation, mistrust of the juvenile justice system, shame over parenting efficacy, parental monitoring, fear of the child, parent perceptions of child’s exposure to violence, and anger towards child. Regression analyses indicate that parental exasperation and parental resignation were not significant predictors of whether a juvenile violates their probation or subsequently offends while on probation; however, parental monitoring was significant. Moreover, this study highlights the significance of maintaining passing grades and refraining from substance use as predictors of offending patterns in probationers. This document was created in Microsoft Word 2003.

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans une démarche de « recherche-action » dans la mesure où la recherche a permis d’aboutir à la mise en place d’une action d’intervention auprès de collégiens démobilisés scolairement, de leurs parents et des enseignants, nommée « Temps de Réflexion sur l’Exclusion Scolaire », en partenariat avec plusieurs établissements médico-sociaux et collèges. Dans le cadre d’une perspective interactionniste (Wallon, 1959), nous nous interrogeons sur le rôle des parents dans la construction identitaire de l'adolescent considéré comme acteur de son propre développement, et dans les significations et les attitudes que celui-ci va attribuer en regard du monde scolaire. Nous avons ainsi retenu le concept d’engagement parental en référence à l’approche dimensionnelle de Deslandes et al. (2000), nous permettant ainsi de décrire les styles éducatifs parentaux et des modes de participation parentale au suivi scolaire (Cloutier, Fortin et al., 2005). Par ailleurs, les travaux de Charlot, Bautier et Rochex (1992) sur le rapport au savoir, nous ont permis d'appréhender le concept de mobilisation scolaire. Considérant l’estime de soi comme une dimension socio-affective de l’identité personnelle (Oubrayrie et al., 1994), nous l’opérationnalisons dans notre recherche comme une dimension médiatrice et explicative de l’influence de la représentation de l’engagement éducatif parental sur la mobilisation scolaire de l’adolescent. Nous faisons l’hypothèse selon laquelle la représentation de l’engagement éducatif parental par les adolescent(e)s scolarisé(e)s au collège, oriente leur estime de soi laquelle joue un rôle sur leur mobilisation scolaire. Une première étude exploratoire a été effectuée à partir d’entretiens semi-directifs en vue de construire une échelle de mobilisation scolaire donnant lieu à des analyses qualitatives (ALCESTE et N'VIVO). Une étude extensive nous a permis ensuite d’opérationnaliser les dimensions de l’étude : l’engagement éducatif parental, l’estime de soi et la mobilisation scolaire, auprès d’un échantillon de 405 adolescent(e)s, âgé(e)s de 11 à 15 ans, inscrits dans des collèges en filière générale. Une seconde étape a permis de valider toutes les échelles auprès de notre échantillon (mobilisation scolaire, estime de soi et engagement parental), en ayant recours aux analyses factorielles exploratoires, puis confirmatoires avec le modèle d’équations structurelles (LISREL). Des analyses de régression linéaire et des analyses de variance ont finalement permis de tester le sens de nos hypothèses. Les résultats confortent notre hypothèse selon laquelle l’estime de soi présente des effets médiateurs sur la relation entre l’engagement parental et la mobilisation scolaire. Ainsi, l’estime de soi socio-émotionnelle, suivi du soi scolaire médiatisent plus particulièrement la relation entre l’engagement éducatif parental (notamment la communication père-enseignants) et la mobilisation scolaire. Des vignettes cliniques permettent d’illustrer nos résultats, avec deux présentations de cas d’adolescents suivis en psychothérapie dont les problématiques identitaires, familiales et scolaires s’entrecroisent. / This thesis is a process of "action-research" in the sense that this research resulted in the establishment of an action for assistance to demobilized “college” secondary schools pupils, their parents and their teachers, called "Time for Thinking about School Exclusion, in partnership with several medical and social structures and “colleges”. Belonging to an interactionist perspective (Wallon, 1959), we question the part played by parents on the adolescent identity construction considered as an actor of his own development and on the meanings and behaviors he will assign to his school world. We have adopted the concept of parental involvement in reference to Deslandes et al. (2000) dimensional approach, allowing us to describe the parental educational styles and the different types of parental involvement in the schooling (Cloutier, Fortin et al, 2005). Moreover, Charlot, Bautier and Rochex (1992) studies on the relationship to knowledge have enabled us to define the concept of school mobilization. Considering self-esteem as a socio-emotional personal identity dimension (Oubrayrie et al., 1994), we operationalize it in our research as a dimension of explanatory and mediating influence of the representation of the educational parental involvement on the school mobilization of adolescents. We hypothesize that the representation of educational parental involvement by adolescents in “colleges” secondary schools, directs their self-esteem which plays a part on their school mobilization. A first exploratory study was carried out using semi-structured interviews to construct a scale of school mobilization leading to qualitative analysis (ALCESTE and N'VIVO). An extensive study has allowed us then to operationalize the dimensions of the study: parental involvement, self-esteem and school mobilization among a sample of 405 adolescents from 11 to 15 years old enrolled in “colleges” in general education. A second step validated all the scales from our sample (school mobilization, self-esteem and parental involvement), using exploratory factor analysis and the confirmatory structural equation model (LISREL). Linear regression analysis and ANOVA finally enabled us to test the direction of our hypotheses. The results support our hypothesis that self-esteem has mediating effects on the relationship between parental involvement and school mobilization. Thus, socio-emotional and school self-esteem specifically mediate the relationship between parental educational involvement (including communication father-teacher) and school mobilization. Clinical vignettes illustrate our results with two case reports of adolescents treated in psychotherapy whose issues of identity, family and school are mixed.

Muitas formas de cuidado parental aumentam a sobrevivência da prole, ao custo de uma diminuição na capacidade dos pais em investir em proles futuras. Espera-se, portanto, que indivíduos parentais adotem estratégias de cuidado que lhes permitam balancear benefícios imediatos e custos futuros, otimizando seu sucesso reprodutivo total. Nesta dissertação, testamos um potencial custo e um benefício do cuidado maternal do opilião Neosadocus maximus, espécie cujas fêmeas desertam suas desovas periodicamente e acrescentam ovos a elas por um período de até duas semanas características únicas entre opiliões com cuidado maternal. Exploramos também quais fatores permitem a deserção temporária das fêmeas de N. maximus. Mais especificamente, testamos as seguintes hipóteses: (1) o cuidado maternal protege os ovos contra predadores, que são mais comuns no período noturno; (2) o cuidado maternal diminui a fecundidade imediata da fêmea; (3) a camada de muco que as fêmeas depositam sobre seus ovos mantém a prole protegida nos momentos de deserção temporária. Nossos resultados apontam que o cuidado maternal é uma proteção eficaz contra o ataque de predadores, sem afetar negativamente a fecundidade imediata das fêmeas. Demonstramos também que a camada de muco mantém os ovos relativamente protegidos na ausência da fêmea guardiã, permitindo que estas se ausentem de suas desovas sem deixar a prole totalmente vulnerável. Sendo assim, a camada de muco que recobre os ovos de N. maximus permite que estas fêmeas minimizem os custos fisiológicos associados ao cuidado maternal sem, entretanto, aumentar os custos da deserção em termos de redução de prole provocada por predação. / Many forms of parental care increase offspring survival, at the cost of a decrease in the parental individuals capacity to invest in a future brood. It is expected, therefore, that parental individuals adopt parental strategies that allow them to balance immediate benefits and future costs, optimizing their total reproductive success. In this thesis, we aimed to identify costs and benefits of maternal care in the harvestman Neosadocus maximus, whose females periodically desert their broods and add eggs to their clutches for up to two weeks unique characteristics among harvestmen with maternal care. We also explored which factors allow N. maximus females to desert their clutches frequently. We tested the following hypothesis: (1) maternal care protects the eggs against predators, especially at night; (2) maternal care decreases the current female fecundity; (3) the mucus coat covering the eggs protects them against predators even in the absence of the guarding female. Our results indicate that maternal care is an effective protection against egg predators, and does not decrease current female fecundity. We also demonstrated that the mucus coat provides effective protection to the eggs in the absence of the guarding female, allowing them to abandon periodically their clutches without leaving the offspring completely vulnerable to predators. The mucus coat covering N. maximus eggs allows these females to minimize the physiological costs of caring, with no severe increase in the cost of deserting in terms of brood reduction by predation.

Muitas formas de cuidado parental aumentam a sobrevivência da prole, ao custo de uma diminuição na capacidade dos pais em investir em proles futuras. Espera-se, portanto, que indivíduos parentais adotem estratégias de cuidado que lhes permitam balancear benefícios imediatos e custos futuros, otimizando seu sucesso reprodutivo total. Nesta dissertação, testamos um potencial custo e um benefício do cuidado maternal do opilião Neosadocus maximus, espécie cujas fêmeas desertam suas desovas periodicamente e acrescentam ovos a elas por um período de até duas semanas características únicas entre opiliões com cuidado maternal. Exploramos também quais fatores permitem a deserção temporária das fêmeas de N. maximus. Mais especificamente, testamos as seguintes hipóteses: (1) o cuidado maternal protege os ovos contra predadores, que são mais comuns no período noturno; (2) o cuidado maternal diminui a fecundidade imediata da fêmea; (3) a camada de muco que as fêmeas depositam sobre seus ovos mantém a prole protegida nos momentos de deserção temporária. Nossos resultados apontam que o cuidado maternal é uma proteção eficaz contra o ataque de predadores, sem afetar negativamente a fecundidade imediata das fêmeas. Demonstramos também que a camada de muco mantém os ovos relativamente protegidos na ausência da fêmea guardiã, permitindo que estas se ausentem de suas desovas sem deixar a prole totalmente vulnerável. Sendo assim, a camada de muco que recobre os ovos de N. maximus permite que estas fêmeas minimizem os custos fisiológicos associados ao cuidado maternal sem, entretanto, aumentar os custos da deserção em termos de redução de prole provocada por predação. / Many forms of parental care increase offspring survival, at the cost of a decrease in the parental individuals capacity to invest in a future brood. It is expected, therefore, that parental individuals adopt parental strategies that allow them to balance immediate benefits and future costs, optimizing their total reproductive success. In this thesis, we aimed to identify costs and benefits of maternal care in the harvestman Neosadocus maximus, whose females periodically desert their broods and add eggs to their clutches for up to two weeks unique characteristics among harvestmen with maternal care. We also explored which factors allow N. maximus females to desert their clutches frequently. We tested the following hypothesis: (1) maternal care protects the eggs against predators, especially at night; (2) maternal care decreases the current female fecundity; (3) the mucus coat covering the eggs protects them against predators even in the absence of the guarding female. Our results indicate that maternal care is an effective protection against egg predators, and does not decrease current female fecundity. We also demonstrated that the mucus coat provides effective protection to the eggs in the absence of the guarding female, allowing them to abandon periodically their clutches without leaving the offspring completely vulnerable to predators. The mucus coat covering N. maximus eggs allows these females to minimize the physiological costs of caring, with no severe increase in the cost of deserting in terms of brood reduction by predation.

Although there is a strong body of existing literature on early parental loss, the majority of research is devoted to examining the consequences of parental death in childhood. Less is known about the long-term impact of this early loss. In particular, there is a lack of understanding about what it is like to live with early parental loss in young adulthood. This hermeneutic phenomenological study addresses the question: What is the young adult’s experience of living with early parental loss? An in-depth exploration into the lived meaning of early parental loss was conducted through open-ended interviews with 8 young men and women (20-30 years old) who lost a mother or father in childhood (between the ages of 9-18 years old). Interview data was coded and analyzed using van Manen’s (2014) hermeneutic phenomenological method, including the process of guided existential inquiry. The fundamental existential themes of lived body, lived time, lived space, and lived other were used as a guide to thematic representation of data. Ten identified themes characterize the essential qualities of this phenomenon: (1) The Grief Experience, (2) The Parentless Identity, (3) Body Awareness, (4) The Transition, (5) The Unexpected Visitor, (6) The New World, (7) The Empty Space, (8) Navigating Relationships in New Ways, (9) Continuing Bonds, and (10) The Relationship With Loss. Through rich experiential descriptions, presented findings demonstrate that the early death of a parent has an ‘ever after’ impact and significantly influences many facets of life in young adulthood. Implications for clinical practice and directions for future research are discussed. / Graduate / 2018-10-02

No description available.

Predicated on the literature, parenting practices are subject to change following high-impact events. This understandably applies to the COVID-19 pandemic, a calamity of sheer magnitude. Despite the presence of maladaptive parenting behaviors in the pandemic, upsides (e.g., compassionate parenting practices, strengthened child-parent bond) did transpire as well. The present study is focused on whether and how parental betterment occurred and unfolded during the pandemic. The explicit research goal is to elucidate what positive parental responses and changes were and what drove those responses and changes. The study employed the phenomenological study to make a fine-grained inquiry into the researched phenomenon. Fourteen parents of varying demographic characteristics constituted the sample. One-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted over Zoom for data collection. Thematic analysis was performed to code the data. I eventually constructed four themes: (1) targeted parental responses and changes, (2) refined parenting skills and practices, (3) heightened understanding of children and parenting, and (4) unsettled parenting styles. Each theme reflects a critical facet of the parenting experiences during the pandemic. In the discussion, effort is invested in parsing out what could elevate the quality of parental responses and what may contribute to the positive parental changes, as well as in pointing out implications for parents, community stakeholders, and family science scholars. It is of centrality to validate and invigorate parents to hold onto the gains from the COVID-19 pandemic to face the growing precarity in today's economic and sociopolitical milieus.