Purpose and methods: Effective parental education about newborn screening (NBS) may help to maximize the benefits and minimize the harms of screening. We investigated experiences, knowledge and opinions regarding NBS education among Ontario mothers. Mothers whose infants recently received NBS were invited to complete a mailed survey (n=1712). Results: Of the 750 participants, 93% recalled their infant receiving NBS, while 69% recalled receiving information about NBS. Of this group, fewer than 50% reported receiving information prenatally, yet a majority of mothers (64%) viewed this as the most important time for education. Those who received information prenatally reported higher satisfaction (OR 2.4). The 40% of mothers who recalled being informed about the meaning of results had higher knowledge about NBS (OR 2.7) and reported higher satisfaction (OR 4.2). Conclusions: Parental education about NBS could place greater emphasis on the prenatal period and on fostering understanding about the meaning of results.

Purpose and methods: Effective parental education about newborn screening (NBS) may help to maximize the benefits and minimize the harms of screening. We investigated experiences, knowledge and opinions regarding NBS education among Ontario mothers. Mothers whose infants recently received NBS were invited to complete a mailed survey (n=1712). Results: Of the 750 participants, 93% recalled their infant receiving NBS, while 69% recalled receiving information about NBS. Of this group, fewer than 50% reported receiving information prenatally, yet a majority of mothers (64%) viewed this as the most important time for education. Those who received information prenatally reported higher satisfaction (OR 2.4). The 40% of mothers who recalled being informed about the meaning of results had higher knowledge about NBS (OR 2.7) and reported higher satisfaction (OR 4.2). Conclusions: Parental education about NBS could place greater emphasis on the prenatal period and on fostering understanding about the meaning of results.

No description available.

Purpose and methods: Effective parental education about newborn screening (NBS) may help to maximize the benefits and minimize the harms of screening. We investigated experiences, knowledge and opinions regarding NBS education among Ontario mothers. Mothers whose infants recently received NBS were invited to complete a mailed survey (n=1712). Results: Of the 750 participants, 93% recalled their infant receiving NBS, while 69% recalled receiving information about NBS. Of this group, fewer than 50% reported receiving information prenatally, yet a majority of mothers (64%) viewed this as the most important time for education. Those who received information prenatally reported higher satisfaction (OR 2.4). The 40% of mothers who recalled being informed about the meaning of results had higher knowledge about NBS (OR 2.7) and reported higher satisfaction (OR 4.2). Conclusions: Parental education about NBS could place greater emphasis on the prenatal period and on fostering understanding about the meaning of results.

Purpose and methods: Effective parental education about newborn screening (NBS) may help to maximize the benefits and minimize the harms of screening. We investigated experiences, knowledge and opinions regarding NBS education among Ontario mothers. Mothers whose infants recently received NBS were invited to complete a mailed survey (n=1712). Results: Of the 750 participants, 93% recalled their infant receiving NBS, while 69% recalled receiving information about NBS. Of this group, fewer than 50% reported receiving information prenatally, yet a majority of mothers (64%) viewed this as the most important time for education. Those who received information prenatally reported higher satisfaction (OR 2.4). The 40% of mothers who recalled being informed about the meaning of results had higher knowledge about NBS (OR 2.7) and reported higher satisfaction (OR 4.2). Conclusions: Parental education about NBS could place greater emphasis on the prenatal period and on fostering understanding about the meaning of results.

Background: The sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has always existed. In the early 1990's, researchers discovered that prone position was associated with a significantly higher risk for SIDS. This resulted in a lowered incidence of SIDS in the world. The campaign showed the value of risk knowledge and risk reducing methods, that's why new information campaigns about other risks regarding SIDS must occur. Aim: The aim was to describe the risk factors and preventive actions for SIDS, and the nurse's role regarding the preventive work. Method: A literature review based on 16 articles based on qualitative and quantitative studies. Result: This study shows that there are much more risk factors concerning SIDS than just the sleeping position. Use of a pacifier and breastfeeding have a risk reducing effect on SIDS, meanwhile high tog values, bedsharing and smoking during pregnancy increases the risk. SIDS is a very sensitive subject and parents can react with fear; this implies that the nurse has to have good communicating skills. Individual education gives the best parental compliance of risk reducing behavior regarding SIDS. The information that parents' should be given are risk factors and preventive methods in relations to SIDS. Conclusion: The risk factors and preventive methods that are of importance for SIDS, must be further investigated. Methods for how the nurse can inform the parents' is also a subject for further research on SIDS.

It has been widely acknowledged that high socioeconomic status provides better living conditions and vice versa. This study examines the impact of parents’ income and educational attainment on their children’s years of schooling in Ghana by utilizing the Ghana Living Standards Survey 2012/2013 which provides detailed information on respondents at the household level. Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive association between parental income, father’s and mother’s educational attainment with the child’s years of schooling. The positive correlation was further confirmed through multiple regression analysis which revealed a significant relationship between parental educational level and child’s years of schooling. It was observed that father’s educational attainment is a stronger predictor of a child’s years of schooling at the basic level compared to mothers. At the secondary and higher educational levels, both parents’ educational attainments are significant with father’s being the stronger predictor of male child years of schooling and mother’s for females. The resources of parents also influence the years of schooling of the children. Household size and place of residence were also shown to have significant influences on years of schooling. Larger household size meant shorter years of schooling for the child and smaller household size meant longer years of schooling, all things being equal. Children living in the rural areas have less years of schooling compared to children residing in urban areas. We conclude that parents’ educational and income levels are factors that determine the unequal opportunities among children as these resources are transferred from parents to children.

Thesis advisor: James R. Mahalilk / The disparities that are prevalent in urban environments have a profound impact on the educational and career trajectories of urban minority youth. In the interest of promoting the success among urban minority youth, it is critical to understand the influence of contextual factors on career development. Urban students of color observe and experience disparities based on gender, race, ethnicity, and parental education (Chang, Chen, Greenberger, Dooley, and Heckhausen, 2006; Fassinger, 2008). A major theoretical framework that has been used to address contextual factors in career development is Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT); (Lent, Brown, and Hackett, 1994). The current study examines the socio-contextual variables of gender, race, ethnicity, and parental education (and their interactions) in predicting adolescents' perceptions of barriers to academic and career goals, expectations of reaching goals, and engagement in career planning activities. Archival data was used from a larger longitudinal study that was conducted during the implementation of a vocational program [called Tools for Tomorrow] that was offered at two public high schools in a Northeastern city for three years (Kenny, Blustein, Haase, Jackson, and Perry, 2006). There were 208 participants with a mean age of 14 (57% females and 43% males). Hierarchal multiple regressions revealed that boys, Latino/a students, and low levels of parental education were significantly associated with lower expectations about reaching goals. An exploratory analysis was conducted with three specific ethnic groups: African American, Caribbean, and Latino/a students. Among the findings, African American girls were more likely to engage in career planning activities. This study is among the few that explore the career development of Caribbean adolescents and differentiates the experiences of students of color in career related cognitions and behavior. Limitations for this study and implications for future research, education, and vocational interventions are discussed. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2011. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology.

<p>Papparollen har förändrats från att vara familjeförsörjare till mer aktivt deltagande i familjelivet, men det finns mer att göra för att uppnå en jämställd föräldraledighet. Tidigare forskning är grundade på pappors erfarenhet och tankar om den planerade föräldraledigheten. <strong>Syfte: </strong>Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka blivande förstagångspappors tankar om föräldraledighet, rollen som pappa och föräldrautbildning. <strong>Metod: </strong>Åtta blivande förstagångspappor intervjuades. Samtliga intervjuer spelades in digitalt, transkriberades och analyserades genom med hjälp av innehållsanalys. <strong>Resultat: </strong>Av intervjuerna framkom fyra kategorier; Förutsättningar att ta föräldraledighet, Jämställt föräldraskap, att vara pappa och förälder samt trygghet inför förlossningen. Samtliga pappor planerade att ta ut föräldraledighet men det var oklart för en del när det skulle ske. Sju av papporna nämner att amningen är den viktigaste faktorn till att mamman tar ut föräldraledighet under första tiden.  Utav åtta intervjuade pappor svarade fem att ekonomin var en avgörande faktor som föräldrarna tog hänsyn till när de planerade fördelningen av föräldraledigheten.  Det fanns en stor ambivalens till huruvida papporna ansåg att låsta månader var ett bra tillvägagångssätt för att uppnå en mer jämställd fördelning av föräldraledigheten. Papporna kunde se både negativa och positiva konsekvenser av de låsta månaderna. Den generella åsikten bland papporna var dock att de ville engagera sig i sina barn även om de inte har möjlighet att vara föräldralediga. <strong>Slutsats: </strong>Papporna vill ta föräldraledighet men de största hindren är den ekonomiska situationen och amningen som prioriteras under första tiden. Genom föräldraledigheten ansåg papporna att de kan knyta an till sina barn.</p> / <p><strong></strong>The father role has changed from being a breadwinner to taking a more active part in the family life, but there is still more to do before an equal parental leave is reached. Recent studies are based on fathers’ experiences and thoughts of the planned paternal leave. <strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is to research soon-to-be fathers’ thoughts about the forthcoming parental leave, the father role and the parental education. <strong>Method:</strong> Eight soon-to-be fathers were interviewed. All interviews was digitally recorded, transcribed and analyzed with the help of content analysis. <strong>Results:</strong> From the interviews four different categories was found; Conditions to take parental leave, equal parenting, to be a father and a parent and feeling secure about the birth giving. All the interviewed fathers showed a desire to take parental leave but it was uncertain when they were going to do so. Seven of them refer to breastfeeding as the most important factor why the mother take parental leave in the beginning. Of eight interviewed fathers five of them responded that the negative change in their economy was a major factor in the distribution of the parental leave between the mother and father. There was a big ambivalence whether the fixed months is a good approach to reach a more equal distribution of the parental leave. The fathers saw both negative and positive consequences of the fixed months. However, the general opinion among the fathers was that they wanted to commit to their children, even if they were not able to take parental leave. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Fathers wants to take parental leave, but the biggest obstacle is their economy and because the child was being breastfeed during the first period of time after birth. The fathers believed that through parental leave they would be able to connect to their children.</p>

Beteendeproblem i samband med måltid kan drabba alla barn men är vanligt förekommandehos barn med autism och kan resultera i selektivt ätande samt oro och konflikter i familjen. Syfte:Att undersöka föräldrars åsikter om matskolaför föräldrar och anhöriga tillbarn medbeteendeproblem i samband med måltid upp till fyra år efter avslutad föräldrautbildning. Metod: En enkät utformad av författarna skickades tillsamtliga personer (n=27) som deltagit i utbildningen Matskolan mellan åren 2007- 2010. Femton svar erhölls (56 %). Svaren bearbetades med hjälp av deskriptiv statistik och redovisades i andelar, procent och i vissa fall stapeldiagram Resultat:Majoriteten av föräldrarna upplevde att de haft nytta av undervisningen på matskolan och att måltidssituationen blivit bättre efter matskolan. Drygt hälften av föräldrarna ansåg att den förändrade måltidssituation berodde på matskolan. Majoriteten upplevde förbättrad förmåga att hantera barnets problembeteende efter avslutad utbildning. Drygt hälften av föräldrarna upplevde att de haft utbyte av att träffa andra föräldrar i samma situation. De flesta föräldrarna kunde rekommendera matskolan till andra och var nöjda med kursen. Slutsats:Att delta i en matskola för föräldrar och anhöriga till barn med beteendeproblem i samband med måltid tycks ha betydelse för att få en förbättrad måltidssituation i familjen. / All children can have behavior problems in meal situations but this is more common among children with autism and may result in selective eating as well as worries and conflicts in their families. Objectives: To examine parent´s view of an education program for parents and other relatives to children with behavior problems at meal situations up to four years after completed education. Methods: A questionnaire formulated by the authors was sent to all participants in the education program for eating behavior problems between 2007 and 2010, n= 27, answer frequency 56 % (n=15). The answers were analyzed with descriptive statistics methods and were described in percent and diagrams. Results: The majority of the parents experienced the teaching as useful and experienced a better meal situation after finishing the education program. More than half testified that their changed meal situation was caused by the education program. The majority of the parents experienced increased ability to deal with the child´s problematic behavior after the education program. More than half of the parents thought it was useful to meet other parents in the same situation. Most of the parents could recommend the education program to others and were content with the education program. Conclusion: To attend an education program for parents and other relatives to children with behavior problems at meal situations seems to improve the meal situation in the family.