Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1989.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1989.

Šio darbo tikslas - įvertinti tėvų požiūrį į paauglių sveikatos poreikius ir problemas. Medžiaga ir metodai. Šiame tyrime atlikta 33 – 68 metų 241 Kauno miesto, penkių mokyklų moksleivių tėvų (40 vyrai ir 201 moterys) apklausos duomenų analizė. Norint nustatyti tėvams aktualias paauglių sveikatos problemas, įvertinti ryšius tarp tėvų įvardinamų paauglių sveikatos problemų ir šeimos bendravimo ypatumų, išanalizuoti šeimos gyvensenos ir paauglių sveikatos problemų sąsajas, buvo atliktas vienmomentinis epidemiologinis tyrimas. Apklausai naudota anoniminė anketa. Vykdant duomenų analizę, statistinių ryšių stiprumas tarp požymių buvo vertinamas Pearson’o koreliacijos koeficientu, jo laisvės laipsnių skaičius (df). Remiantis lentelės duomenimis buvo apskaičiuojamas Chi kvadrato (χ2) kriterijus. Ryšiai laikomi statistiškai reikšmingi, kai p<0,05. Išvados: 1. Kauno miesto paauglių tėvai ir motinos skirtingai vertina paauglių sveikatos problemų aktualumą savo aplinkoje: vyrai aktualiausiomis paauglių sveikatos problemomis įvardina alkoholio vartojimą (22,5 proc.), emocines problemas (20,5 proc.), nepakankamą fizinį aktyvumą (17,5 proc.) ir narkotikų vartojimą 17 proc. Moterys didžiausio dėmesio reikalaujančia problema įvardina nesveiką mitybą (23,8 proc.), nepakankamą fizinį aktyvumą (18,4 proc.) bei narkotikų vartojimą (17,1 proc.). 2. Tėvų ir vaikų bendravimas bei konfliktų dažnis siejasi su paauglių savijauta ir nusiskundimais sveikata. Dažnai su tėvais konfliktuojantys... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of this study was to estimate parents survey into teenagers health problems and requirements. Materials and methods. 241 student parents (40 male and 201 female) between 33 – 68 years old from five Kaunas high schools took part in the survey the data of which has been analysed in this study. To find relevant to parents teenagers health problems, to estimate connection between of parents mentioned teenagers health problems and singularity of family communication, to analyse connection of family lifestyle and teenagers health problems, was made epidemiological study. In this survey was used anonymous questionnaire. Intensity of statistical connections between features was estimated in Pearson correlation coefficient during this data analyse. Independency of indication was checked with the help of chi square (χ) criterion. Associations are considered to be statistically significant if p < 0,05. Conclusions: 1. Fathers and mothers of teenagers in Kaunas assess teenagers health problems in their environment differently: mans think that most relevant health problems between teenagers is alcohol drinking (22,5 per.), emotional problems (20,5 per.), insufficient physical activity (17,5 per.), drugs consumption (17 per.). Womans think that biggest attention should be payed for unhealthy nutrition (23,8 per.), insufficient physical activity (18,4 per.) and drugs consumption (17,1 per.). 2. Communication between parents and children and frequency of conflict associate with... [to full text]

本研究旨在瞭解家長親職態度與幼兒生活適應兩者之關係。以台北縣市公立國小附設幼稚園幼兒及其家長為研究對象，以立意取樣方式選取七個園所進行問卷施測，計回收有效問卷315份，以SPSS14.0視窗中文版進行資料分析。研究結論如下： 一、家長性別、教育程度和月收入不同其親職態度有顯著差異 （一）女性家長在家長親職態度的行動面向表現優於男性家長。 （二）母親教育程度為「大學、專科」在家長親職態度及「情感」面向表現均為最優。 （三）女性家長月收入為「兩萬-四萬」在家長親職態度及「情感」面向表現均為最差。 二、幼兒性別、年齡和就讀幼稚園年數不同其生活適應有顯著差異 （一）女生幼兒在幼兒生活適應的各面向和整體表現均優於男生幼兒。 （二）年齡越大和就讀幼稚園年數越長的幼兒其生活適應表現越佳。 三、家長教育程度、月收入、社經地位、家庭型態和親職態度不同者對幼兒生活適應有顯著差異 （一）父親教育程度為「研究所」和母親教育程度為「研究所」、「大學、專科」及「國中」其幼兒的「學習適應」表現較優。 （二）女性家長月收入為「四萬-六萬」和「八萬以上」者，其幼兒的「學習適應」表現較優。 （三）高社經的家長其幼兒的「學習適應」表現優於低社經者。 （四）「非小家庭」的幼兒其常規適應表現優於「小家庭」者。 （五）家長親職態度總分為「高分組」者其幼兒的學習適應表現最優。 最後，根據本研究結果，提出相關建議供父母家庭、學校和後續相關研究者參考。 / The purpose of this study aims to probe into the relationship between parents’ attitude and children life adjustment. Children and parents in public kindergarten in Taipei are chosen as the research objectives by purposive sampling. Questionnaires Investigation as the research method is used in this study. The research instrument was distributed to 7 kindergartens. There are totally 315 valid samples used in this study. After all, the data obtained is interpreted and analyzed by SPSS 14.0, and the main conclusions are drawn as follows: 1. There are several significant differences in parents’ attitude if different parents’ gender, level of education, and monthly income are considered. (1) Matriarchs’ performance in the respect of action of parents’ attitude is better than Paterfamilias’. (2) The performance of Matriarchs whose level of education is university or college is ranked the best in the respect of emotion of parents’ attitude. (3) Matriarchal whose monthly income is ‘twenty thousand to forty thousand’ is ranked the worst in the respect of emotion of parents’ attitude. 2. There are several significant differences in children life adjustment if children’s gender, age, and year studying in kindergarten are considered. (1) Girl’s in each aspect of children life adjustment is better than boy’s. (2) Children’s performance in life adjustment is better if they are elder or the year studying in kindergarten is longer. 3. There are several significant differences in children life adjustment if different parents’ level of education, monthly income, socioeconomic status, family patterns, and parents’ attitude are considered. (1) Father’s level of education is “graduate institute” and mother’s level of education is “graduate institute”, “university”, or “college” and “junior high school”, whose children’s representation of study adjustment is better. (2) Matriarch’s monthly income is “forty thousand to sixty thousand” and “more than eighty thousand”, whose children’s performance of study adjustment is better. (3) Performance of children with parents in higher SES is better than the ones with parents in lower SES in the aspect of study adjustment. (4) Performance of children in “Non nuclear family” is better than the ones in “nuclear family” in the aspect of study adjustment. (5) Parents’ attitude scores in “high score” whose children’s performance in study adjustment is ranked the best. Based on the research results, the researcher proposes some suggestions about “parents’ attitude” and “children life adjustment” for parents, related schools, and further studies after all.

Introduktion: Vaccin har blivit en global framgång för folkhälsan. Vaccinationer har bidragit till att flera barnsjukdomar blivit så sällsynta att de inte längre utgör hot mot samhället. Trots detta finns fortfarande en tveksamhet hos föräldrar kring barnvaccinationer. Vaccintveksamhet finns med som en punkt i WHO:s lista över tio hot mot den globala folkhälsan. Distriktssköterskor inom barnhälsovården och elevhälsovården har en viktig roll i vaccinationsarbetet. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa orsaker till föräldrars tveksamhet eller val att avstå barnvaccination. Metod: Systematisk litteraturstudie utifrån Polit &amp; Becks niostegsmodell. Databaserna som användes var Cinahl och Pubmed. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys enligt Graneheim och Lundman användes för att analysera de 16 artiklarna som användes i studien. Resultat: Består av fyra huvudkategorier; Rädsla att barnet tar skada av vaccinet, Uppfattningar om immunisering, Misstro till auktoriteter och Alternativa livstilsåskådningar. Konklusion: Det är av stor vikt att distriktssköterskan känner till varför föräldrar är osäkra eller väljer helt att avstå att vaccinera sina barn. Det finns en utmaning i att bemöta dessa föräldrar samtidigt som det kräver en bred kompetens grundat i evidens kring vaccination och folkhälsa. Målet är att bemöta barn och föräldrar på ett respektfullt och stödjande sätt när det gäller osäkerhet kring vaccinering.

Aim: The aim of this project was to find the level of oral health literacy of parents of preschool age children regarding their child’s oral health. The primary objective was to improve the oral health status of preschoolers and to prevent early childhood caries. Methods: 117 participants (parents of preschoolers) completed a self-administered oral health literacy questionnaire. Data obtained from the study was analysed using a statistical package (SPSS). Firstly, descriptive analysis was undertaken generating tables and graphs of sociodemographic variables. Later, associations between oral health literacy and sociodemographic variables were identified and also relation between parents’ oral health literacy and their attitude towards water fluoridation in Christchurch was identified using bivariate and multivariate analysis. Psychometric analysis was generated to test validity and reliability of the oral health literacy questionnaire. Results: In the total sample, 38% of participants had poor oral health literacy regarding their child’s oral health. The results also indicated that there were associations present between parents’ oral health literacy and socio-demographic variables such as ethnicity, education and family income. Nearly half of the parents opted for water fluoridation in Christchurch. A strong association between parents’ oral health literacy and their attitude towards water fluoridation was identified. In the total sample, 40% of parents were not aware of need for first dental visit before the school age. Reliability was good for the developed oral health literacy instrument. Conclusions: This study of parents’ oral health literacy in Christchurch, New Zealand identified association of oral health literacy and socio-demographic variables which gives future guidance to improving oral health status of New Zealand children. The relation 6 between parents’ oral health literacy and their attitude towards water fluoridation was shown in this study. This result might be used in future water fluoridation surveys. Future studies are needed to examine health care provider’s perspective in improving parents’ oral health literacy and to tailor more effective public health interventions to improve parents’ oral health literacy.

Syftet med rapporten är att undersöka hur autonoma bussar kan tillgängliggöras till barn med mild intellektuell funktionsnedsättning, med utgångspunkt i de autonoma bussar som idag rullar på Campus Valla vid Linköpings Universitet. Föräldrar agerar i detta fall grindvakter, då det är de som bestämmer huruvida de tillåter sina barn att åka med de självkörande bussarna eller inte. För att bemöta föräldrarna undersöktes deras attityder gällande autonoma bussar och hur denna kan förbättras. Även vilka funktioner som bör finnas i autonoma bussar för att öka deras villighet att låta deras barn färdas ensamma i bussarna undersöktes. Intervjuer och en workshop genomfördes med föräldrar, såväl som syskon och skolpersonal för att få en omfattande bild av barn med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning. Generellt är föräldrarna negativa till att låta deras barn färdas ensamma med dagens autonoma bussar,men ser positivt på framtiden om de utformas med hänsyn till individer med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning. Funktioner som gör att barnen känner sig trygga ombord på bussarna i kombination med inskolning, skapar i sin tur trygghet hos föräldrarna. Detta kan göras genom att implementera befintliga hjälpmedel som barnen använder till vardags, exempelvis Time Timer och bildstöd. Övervakningskameror var också något föräldrarna gemensamt tyckte skulle vara gynnsamt på bussen. De ansåg att de skulle öka tryggheten på bussen på flera vis, både genom att de möjliggör att personal i ett kontrollrum kan övervaka resan men även att de skulle finnas filmbevis ifall något olyckligt sker under bussens färd. Föräldrarnas önskemål mynnades ut i funktionsriktlinjer som är tänkta att implementeras vid utformningav framtidens autonoma bussar. / The purpose of the report is to examine how autonomous buses can be made accessible to children with mild intellectual disabilities and is based on the autonomous buses currently operating at Campus Valla, Linköping University. In this case, parents act as gatekeepers, as they are the ones who determine whether they allow their children to ride the self-driving buses or not. To address parents' concerns, their attitudes towards autonomous buses and how they can be improved were investigated. The report also explores the features that should be present in autonomous buses to increase parents' willingness to let their children travel alone on the buses. Interviews and a workshop were conducted with parents, as well as siblings and school staff, to gain a comprehensive understanding of children with intellectual disabilities. Generally, parents are negative about letting their children travel alone on current autonomous buses but have a positive outlook on the future if they are designed with consideration for individuals with intellectual disabilities. Features that create a sense of security for children on board the buses, combined with practice, in turn, generate a sense of safety for parents. This can be achieved by implementing existing aids that children use in their daily lives, such as Time Timers and visual supports. Surveillance cameras were also something the parents collectively believed would be beneficial on the bus. They believed that cameras would enhance safety on the bus in multiple ways, both by enabling personnel in a control room to monitor the journey, as well as providing video evidence in case of any unfortunate incidents during the bus ride. The parents' preferences resulted in functional guidelines intended to be implemented in the design of future autonomous buses.