NJ, Univ., Dep. of Econmics, Diss.--Princeton, 2003. / Kopie, ersch. im Verl. UMI, Ann Arbor, Mich. - Enth. 2 Beitr.

Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2006--Darmstadt.

Zugl.: München, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2009

This thesis work in automation technology at 30 credits is conducted at Volvo Cars Cooperation (VCC) in collaboration with the University of Skövde. With the current staffing method VCC are experiencing difficulties achieving an optimal utilization of operators as there has been difficult to ascertain how much work an operator can handle. Operators are an often overlooked part of simulation studies because they are complex to model. The completed thesis consists of developing a standardized operator object in the simulation software Plant Simulation, developed by Siemens. Using this object, it will be easier to staff optimally with respect to the number of work areas, operator skills and how many operators that are required for the given work areas. The existing VCC Plant Simulation library already has an object for operators. This operator object was used as the basis for the development of the new operator object. When developing the new object, data collection was made in form of both qualitative and quantitative data to find out what functionality the new object needed. The existing object was evaluated against the functionality requirements to determine what were needed to be added, removed or modified. Five main areas were considered important to develop: (1) operators that can work across two or more work areas, (2) walking time for operators, (3) learning effect, (4) the learning curve for operators and (5) operators who work on different shifts. The learning curve was only partly developed, but the other four areas were fully implemented. In order to test and analyze the object, three experiments were carried out using different case studies, where one of these cases studies was a real production line. The experimental design was jointly created with the VCC reference group and the University of Skövde. The main objectives of the experiments were to reduce the number of operators and increase throughput per hour. The result of the optimisation of the real production line showed that a significantly smaller staffing could be achieved without a major effect on the throughput. The results of the project were that a standardized operator object was developed according to the specifications and objectives set for the project. This object provides the ability to quickly and easily implement operators in a simulation model. To verify the applicability of the operator object, it was successfully imported and used for simulation-based optimisation in three different simulation models. The operator object also contains functionalities that provide more realistic operators, such as the walk time to the operations, operators that can work across several work areas and competence for operators as well as learning. The results of this project involve a simpler implementation of more realistic operators and thus lead to more realistic simulation models. / Examensarbetet inom automatiseringsteknik på 30hp är genomfört vid Volvo Cars Coperation (VCC) i Skövde i samarbete med Högskolan i Skövde.  Med dagens bemanningsmetod upplever VCC svårigheter med att uppnå en optimal beläggning på operatörerna, då det har varit problematiskt att få fram hur mycket arbete en operatör klarar av. Operatörer är en ofta förbisedd del av simulering eftersom de är komplexa att modellera. Det genomförda examensarbetet består av att utveckla ett standardiserat operatörsobjekt i simuleringsmjukvaran Plant Simulation från Siemens. Med hjälp av detta objekt ska det bli enklare att bemanna effektivt med avseende på antal arbetsområden, operatörernas kompetens samt hur många operatörer det krävs per arbetsområde. I VCCs egenutvecklade bibliotek i Plant Simulation fanns det redan ett objekt för operatörer. Detta objekt användes som grund för utveckling av det nya operatörsobjektet. Vid utveckling av det nya objektet utfördes datainsamling i form av både kvalitativ och kvantitativ art för att ta reda på vilken funktionalitet som det nya objektet skulle inneha. Det existerande objektet utvärderades mot dessa funktionalitetskrav för att bestämma vad som skulle läggas till, tas bort eller ändras. Fem stycken huvudområden ansågs vara viktiga att utveckla: (1) operatörer som kan arbeta över två eller flera arbetsområden, (2) gångtid för operatörer från och till operationer, (3) kompetens för operatörerna, (4) inlärningskurva för operatörerna och (5) operatörer som jobbar på olika skift. Av dessa implementerades alla utan inlärningskurvan fullt ut, inlärningskurvan är en del av det fortsatta arbetet. För att kunna testa och analysera objektet genomfördes tre stycken experiment i form av fallstudier varav en av dessa fallstudier var av en verklig produktionslinje. Experimentplanen togs fram gemensamt med VCC referensgrupp och Högskolan i Skövde. Huvudmålen med experimenten var att minska antalet operatörer och att öka takt per timma. Resultatet av optimeringen för den verkliga produktionslinjen visade att en signifikant mindre bemanning skulle kunna uppnås utan en större effekt på takt per timma. Resultatet av projektet var ett standardiserat operatörsobjekt som togs fram enligt de specifikationer och mål som definierats för projektet. Detta objekt ger möjligheten att snabbare och enklare implementera operatörer i en simuleringsmodell. För att verifiera användbarheten av operatörsobjektet, importerades det och användes för simulering-baserad optimering i tre olika simuleringsmodeller. Operatörsobjektet innehåller också funktionaliteter som ger mer realistiska operatörer så som gångtid till operationer, operatörer som kan arbeta över flera arbetsområden, kompetens för operatörer samt inlärning. Resultatet från detta projekt innebär en enklare implementering av operatörer i en simuleringsmjukvara och bidrar således till mer realistiska simuleringsmodeller.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:47:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FrederikoSLNA.pdf: 5281687 bytes, checksum: 9fe12b6bcc355f7c67cf2f2c3ad9812b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-16 / This work performs an algorithmic study of optimization of a conformal radiotherapy plan treatment. Initially we show: an overview about cancer, radiotherapy and the physics of interaction of ionizing radiation with matery. A proposal for optimization of a plan of treatment in radiotherapy is developed in a systematic way. We show the paradigm of multicriteria problem, the concept of Pareto optimum and Pareto dominance. A generic optimization model for radioterapic treatment is proposed. We construct the input of the model, estimate the dose given by the radiation using the dose matrix, and show the objective function for the model. The complexity of optimization models in radiotherapy treatment is typically NP which justifyis the use of heuristic methods. We propose three distinct methods: MOGA, MOSA e MOTS. The project of these three metaheuristic procedures is shown. For each procedures follows: a brief motivation, the algorithm itself and the method for tuning its parameters. The three method are applied to a concrete case and we confront their performances. Finally it is analyzed for each method: the quality of the Pareto sets, some solutions and the respective Pareto curves / O presente trabalho realiza um Estudo Algor?tmico para Otimiza??o do Plano de Tratamento da Radioterapia Conformal. Inicialmente s?o apresentadas: uma vis?o geral sobre o c?ncer, o tratamento com radioterapia e no??es sobre a intera??o do feixe de radia??es ionizantes com a mat?ria. Uma proposta para Otimiza??o do Plano de Tratamento Radioter?pico ? desenvolvida de modo sistem?tico. ? apresentado o paradigma de problemas multicrit?rio, os conceitos de Pareto otimalidade e Pareto Domin?ncia. Um modelo Gen?rico de Otimiza??o para o Plano de Tratamento Radioter?pico ? proposto. S?o constru?das suas entradas, ? calculada a dose depositada no corpo do paciente atrav?s do conceito de matriz de dose, e ? apresentada a fun??o objetivo deste modelo. A complexidade dos problemas de otimiza??o do tratamento radioter?pico s?o classificados como de complexidade NP, este resultado justifica o desenvolvimento de m?todos heur?sticos para a sua resolu??o. S?o propostas tr?s metaheur?sticas para a Otimiza??o do Plano de Tratamento Radioter?pico: MOGA, MOSA e MOTS de acordo como o modelo gen?rico de otimiza??o proposto. Os projetos desses procedimentos metaheur?sticos s?o devidamente apresentados. Para cada m?todo se faz uma introdu??o liter?ria, dos seus algoritmos e a da metodologia usada para a afina??o dos par?metros. Os m?todos s?o aplicados a um caso concreto e confrontados atrav?s de medidas de performance. Finalmente ? analisado a qualidade dos conjuntos de Pareto produzidos por cada m?todo, s?o exibidas algumas solu??es geradas e as respectivas curvas de Pareto associadas

Airships provide an eco-friendly and cost-effective means to suit sustained airborne operations. Smaller autonomous airships are highly susceptible to adverse atmospheric conditions owing to their under-actuated, underpowered and bulky size relative to other types of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). To mitigate these limitations, careful considerations of the size and shape must be made at the design stage. This research presents a methodology for obtaining an optimized shape of a semi-rigid airship. Rapid descent of the LTA ship is achieved by means of a moving gondola attached to a rigid keel mounted under the helium envelope from the bow to the mid-section of the hull. The study entails the application of a robust hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) for the multi-disciplinary design and optimization of an airship capable of rapid descent, with lower drag and optimum surface area. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis was also performed on the basis of algorithmic parameters and atmospheric conditions. With the help of HGA, a semi-rigid airship capable of carrying a payload of 0.25 kg to 1.0 kg and capable of pitching at right angles is conceptually designed. The algorithm is also tested on commercially available vehicles to validate the results. In multi-objective optimization problems (MOOPs), the significance of different objectives is dependent on the user.

Latin hypercube designs (LHDs) have broad applications in constructing computer experiments and sampling for Monte-Carlo integration due to its nice property of having projections evenly distributed on the univariate distribution of each input variable. The LHDs have been combined with some commonly used computer experimental design criteria to achieve enhanced design performance. For example, the Maximin-LHDs were developed to improve its space-filling property in the full dimension of all input variables. The MaxPro-LHDs were proposed in recent years to obtain nicer projections in any subspace of input variables. This thesis integrates both space-filling and projection characteristics for LHDs and develops new algorithms for constructing optimal LHDs that achieve nice properties on both criteria based on using the Pareto front optimization approach. The new LHDs are evaluated through case studies and compared with traditional methods to demonstrate their improved performance.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, Florianópolis, 2013. / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-26T01:14:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 316510.pdf: 3168406 bytes, checksum: b7ead59d3e54f59f41cd1f6647f1eccd (MD5) / O estudo dos transformadores é assunto de diversos trabalhos científicos. Utiliza-se muito o método dos elementos finitos para este fim, pois é uma ferramenta eficaz e precisa para a representação dos fenômenos eletromagnéticos. Porém em uma etapa de pré-dimensionamento este método pode ser considerado demorado em questões de tempo de cálculo. Assim, neste trabalho, utiliza-se um software chamado CADES, que a partir de um modelo analítico tem-se uma solução otima após um determinado número de iterações. O principal atrativo na utilização deste software foi sua facilidade de implementação matemática e exploração de variáveis. O modelo analítico apresenta um grande número de variáveis permitindo ter uma grande variedade de opções para o dimensionamento de transformadores, dependendo dos parâmetros de construção impostos pelos fabricantes. Uma das contribuições desta pesquisa é que parâmetros de custo de fabricação e custo capitalizado são partes da otimização e assim aspectos econômicos serão estudados dentro de um cenário de corte de gastos. O custo capitalizado do transformador é a soma do custo de fabricação com o custo das perdas sobre sua vida útil. Inicialmente o estudo consistirá na proposta de um modelo analítico de um transformador trifásico. Este modelo é validado através do método dos elementos finitos utilizando o software EFCAD e através do método em rede de relutâncias utilizando o software Reluctool, para as variáveis de indutância de magnetização e dispersão. Após a inserção dos modelos por rede de relutâncias no modelo analítico a otimização é implementada no CADES para diversos parâmetros de entrada impostos pelos fabricantes, e diferentes parâmetros de estudo como: permeabilidade relativa do ferro linear e saturada, bobinagem feita com cobre ou alumínio, etc. Alguns resultados são mostrados utilizando a metodologia de Pareto.<br> / Abstract : The study of transformers is the matter of many scientific studies. The finite element analysis is very used for this purpose because it is an efficient and accurate tool for electromagnetic phenomena representation. However in a stage of pre-dimensioning this method can be considered very time-consuming. Therefore, we will use a software called CADES, that from an analytical model, gives an optimal solution after a certain number of iterations. The main advantage of utilizing this software is the mathematical implementation and variables exploration ease. The analytical model shows a large number of variables and it allows a great variety of options for dimensioning transformers, depending on the construction parameters imposed by manufacturers. One of the contributions of this research is that parameters such as manufacturing cost and capitalized cost are parts of the optimization and thus economics aspects will be studied in a cost-cutting scenario. The capitalized cost of the transformer is the sum of the manufacturing cost and cost resulting from the losses on its service life. The study will initially consist of the suggestion of an analytical model of a three- phase transformer. This model is validated by the finite elements method using the software EFCAD and through the reluctance network method using the software Reluctool, for variables like magnetizing and dispersion inductance. After inserting the reluctance network models in the analytical model, the optimization is implemented on CADES for many input parameters imposed by manufacturers and different study parameters such as relative permeability of the iron, linear and non-linear, winding made of copper or aluminum, etc. Some results are shown using Pareto methodology.

Atualmente existe uma gama considerável de procedimentos assistenciais de saúde os quais, seja por cultura, ou por exigências legais, só podem ser realizados com aporte tecnológico. Logo reduzir o tempo de parada de um equipamento médico está diretamente associado à viabilização da assistência necessária ao paciente. Em outras palavras, prestar uma manutenção otimizada representa qualidade na prestação de serviço da unidade assistencial de saúde, podendo em alguns casos, até, evitar a morte do paciente. Para isso é muito importante que os defeitos sejam reconhecidos e tratados adequadamente, não se esquecendo da otimização dos recursos financeiros. Com base nesta premissa, este trabalho propõe estabelecer uma relação dos tipos de defeitos apresentados pelos equipamentos com sua ocorrência, utilizando para tal o método de Pareto, fornecendo uma ferramenta de análise de grande utilidade na estruturação de grupos de manutenção corretiva de um serviço de engenharia clínica. Assim foram tomados como amostra quatro tipos de equipamentos que são eletrocardiógrafos, monitores cardíacos, unidades eletrocirúrgicas e incubadoras neonatais; caracterizando a existência de defeitos que podem ser classificados em baixa, média e alta complexidade de resolução, o que reflete na necessidade de ferramentas gerais ou específicas ao reparo e do nível de qualificação da equipe técnica, além do universo de componentes, partes e peças envolvidas com cada etapa de manutenção. Foram qualificados e quantificados defeitos para cada tipo de equipamentos acima, onde se constatou que nos equipamentos médico-hospitalares estudados, a maioria das paradas requisitou intervenções simples, de baixa complexidade. Ou seja, poucos defeitos foram responsáveis por muitas ordens de serviço e que o corpo técnico de manutenção pode esperar e se programar para atuar em cada um deles de acordo com o gráfico de Pareto. Desta forma o serviço de engenharia clínica pode ser direcionado para as necessidades prioritárias do estabelecimento assistencial de saúde, sendo capaz de produzir resultados com melhor custo-benefício. / At the present time there is a considerable range of assistential procedures for the health area, whether by culture or by legal demand they can only happen with technological support. Therefore, to reduce the halt time of a medical equipment is directly associated with feasibility of assistance needed by the patient. In other words, to provide optimized maintenance represents quality in the service provided in health assistential unit, in some cases it can even avoid the death of a patient. In order to accomplish the issue discussed above, it is important to recognize the defects and mend them adequately, however, the optimization of financial resources cannot be forgotten. Based on that premise, this work proposes the establishment of a relation between the kind of defects presented by equipments and its occcurrence, using the Pareto\'s method to accomplish this goal, providing a research tool of great utility in the structure of corrective maintenance groups of a service in clinic engineering. Therefore four kinds of equipment were taken as samples; they are: electrocardiograph, cardiac monitor, electrossurgical units and neo-natal incubator. Once portray ting the existence of defects, which can be classified in low, medium or high complexity of resolution, they can reflect on the necessity of using general or specific tools for mending the equipment and the level of qualification of the technical staff. Moreover, the universe of components, parts and tools involved with each stage of maintenance. For each of the equipment mentioned above the defects were quantified and qualified, within this procedure the medical equipment that was studied, the majority of halt required just simple interventions of low complexity. Therefore, few defects were responsible for many service request forms and the maintenance technical staff could wait and prepare to perform according to Pareto\'s graphic. As a result, the service of clinic engineering can be drawn into the main necessities of the assistant health establishment, being capable of presenting results with the lowest cost-benefit.

Orientador: Edevar Luvizotto Junior / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T11:16:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ribeiro_LubienskaCristinaLucasJaquie_D.pdf: 2510450 bytes, checksum: f6c4bcdcd5bde19b5d383fa35ffd59dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A redução dos gastos com energia elétrica nas companhias de saneamento de todo o país é uma preocupação real nos últimos anos. Grande parte dos custos operacionais destas empresas estão associado aos custos de bombeamento. Diante desta preocupação, a presente pesquisa objetiva o desenvolvimento de um modelo híbrido multiobjetivo, com finalidade de obter a redução do consumo de energia elétrica nas estações de bombeamento que utilizam inversores de frequencia, reduzindo possíveis perdas no sistema. O modelo é desenvolvido de forma a garantir condições operacionais estabelecidas a priori para o atendimento das necessidades de consumo, tais como flutuação dos níveis dos reservatórios, pressões extremas e outros buscando trazer benefícios hidráulicos. Além da busca do atendimento destes objetivos, estarão sendo investigados o emprego do modelo de simulação hidráulica baseada no Time Marching Approach - TMA em conjunto a técnica de otimização multiobjetivo baseada nos Algoritmos Genéticos - AG, através do NSGA II, configurando um Modelo Híbrido Multiobjetivo / Abstract: The reduction of the expenses with electric energy in the company of sanitation of all the country is a real concern in the last years. The great part of the operational costs of these companies is associates to the bombardment costs. Ahead of this concern the present objective research the development of an multiobjective hybrid model, with the purpose of if getting a reduction of the consumption of electric energy in the bombardment stations that use invertors of frequency besides reducing losses in the system. The model is developed of form to guarante established operational conditions a priori for the attendance of the consumption necessities, such as fluctuation of the levels of the reservoirs, extreme pressures and others searching to bring hydraulical benefits. Through this necessity taking care of some objectives simultaneously they will be being investigated the job of the model of based hydraulical simulation in the Teams Marching Approach -TMA in set with techniques of based multiobjective otimizacion in the Genetic Algorithms - GA, through NSGA II, configuring a Hybrid Model Multiobjetivo / Doutorado / Recursos Hidricos / Doutor em Engenharia Civil