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Implication de PAR1 dans la progression du cancer de la prostateEl Atmani, Asmaa 16 December 2009 (has links)
Le phénomène métastatique est important à comprendre puisque de manière irrémédiable, une fois engagé, il conduit le plus souvent au décès des patients. Le cancer de la prostate représente un bon modèle car sa progression du stade hormono-dépendant vers le stade d'hormono-échappement s’accompagne par l’apparition de métastases. Les Protease Activated Receptors (PAR1-4) sont des récepteurs qui jouent un rôle important dans l'hémostase et l'inflammation et dont l’implication dans la prolifération et l'invasion des cellules tumorales a été décrite dans plusieurs tissus. L’étude comparative de l'expression in vitro de PAR1 a confirmé son rôle dans la prolifération et l'invasion des lignées prostatiques normales et tumorales hormono-sensibles comme hormono-indépendantes. Son expression in vivo dans des tissus prostatiques à différents stades pathologiques a montré une surexpression de PAR1 chez les patients ayant atteint le stade d'hormono-échappement, associée à un mauvais pronostic. Son absence s’avère par contre de bon pronostic chez les patients hormonodépendants. L'ensemble des résultats obtenus nous permet de proposer PAR1 comme un nouveau marqueur pronostique pour le cancer de la prostate. L’activation des PARs, comme celle de plusieurs récepteurs de chémokines, apparaît comme un élément fondateur de la transition vers l’état métastatique. Le décryptage de cette combinatoire permettra de mieux comprendre les phénomènes impliqués dans cette transition et permettra de développer des thérapies ciblées pour prévenir l’apparition délétère de métastases / Metastasis is nowadays an important field of research as, once engaged, patients will generally die from their metastatic cancer. Prostate cancer represents an interesting model as its progression from hormone-naïve to hormone-independent status lead to metastatic disease. Protease Activated Receptors (PAR1-4) are G-protein-coupled receptors that play crucial roles in blood coagulation and inflammation but that are likely to play fundamental role in tumor cells proliferation and invasion. In vitro analysis of PAR1 expression in prostate cancer cell lines has confirmed the role of PAR1 in prostate cancer proliferation and invasion. Its expression in vivo in prostate cancer tissues have shown a constant surexpression in hormonerefractory ones, associated with a worse prognosis. However, its absence in hormone-naïve tissues is associated with a good prognosis. These results prompted us to recommend PAR1 as a new prognostic marker associated with prostate cancer progression. PAR activation, as well as several chemokine receptors, seems to be a founder feature of cancer transition to metastasis. Deciphering the pattern of receptor activation will allow a better understanding of the events that drive transition to metastasis and thus the development of new specific targeted therapeutics aimed at stopping deleterious metastatic evolution
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Die Aktivierung von Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mit selektiven Liganden hemmt die Dünndarmmotilität in vitro / Activation of protease-activated receptors (PARs) by selective ligands inhibt peristalsis in the guinea pig ileumHoppe, Kerstin January 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Die Darmatonie bei Intensivpatienten beruht auf vielen Ursachen, die im Einzelnen bisher nur unvollständig untersucht sind. Kürzlich wurde eine neue Klasse von Rezeptoren, sog. Protease-Activated Receptors (PAR1, PAR2) in verschiedenen Organen, u.a. im Darm beschrieben. Über die physiologische Funktion der PARs im Darm ist wenig bekannt. In der vorliegenden Studie wird die Wirkung von der natürlichen Liganden (PAR1: Thrombin; PAR2: Trypsin) sowie der synthetisch hergestellten Liganden (PAR1: TRAP; PAR2: SLIGRL) auf die Dünndarmperistaltik untersucht. Hierzu wurden Segmente des Meerschweinchendünndarms im Organbad kontinuierlich mit Tyrodelösung gegen einen Druck von 400 Pa perfundiert. Dabei wird ab einer konstanten Schwelle des intraluminalen Drucks (peristaltik pressure threshold, PPT) eine von oral nach aboral verlaufende peristaltische Kontraktionswelle ausgelöst und der Darminhalt ausgeworfen. Unter Einfluss einer inhibitorisch wirkenden Substanz stieg die PPT an oder es waren bei kompletter Hemmung überhaupt keine peristaltischen Kontraktionen mehr auszulösen. Eine peristaltikanregende Wirkung zeigte sich hingegen in einer Absenkung der PPT. Untersucht wurden je Substanz bzw. Substanzkombination sechs Segmente von sechs verschiedenen Meerschweinchen, wobei jedes Darmsegment nur mit einer Konzentration einer Substanz behandelt wurde. Die Signifikanzprüfung erfolgte auf dem Niveau von p<0,05 (Kolmogorov-Smirnov-Test, ANOVA). Wesentliches Ergebnis dieser Arbeit ist, dass die synthetisch hergestellten Liganden an PAR1 und PAR2, SLIGRL und TRAP, die Dünndarmmotilität konzentrationsabhängig hemmen. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigten die natürlichen Liganden an PAR1 und PAR2, Thrombin und Trypsin, keinen Effekt auf die Dünndarmmotilität. Durch Vorbehandlung des Darms mit Antagonisten und Inhibitoren der vermuteten Signaltransduktionswege wurden die der Hemmung zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen untersucht. Die Hemmwirkung von TRAP und SLIGRL ließ sich durch Vorbehandlung des Darms mit Naloxon, nicht jedoch mit Apamin aufheben. Somit sind an der inhibitorischen Wirkung der PAR1- und PAR2-Agonisten am Meerschweinchendünndarm enterische, möglicherweise unspezifische opioiderge Mechanismen beteiligt, allerdings keine „low conductance Ca2+ activated K+ Channels“. Die motilitätshemmende Wirkung des Benzodiazepins Midazolam wurde durch PAR1- (Thrombin, TRAP), nicht jedoch durch PAR2-Agonisten (Trypsin, SLIGRL) verstärkt. Der hemmende Effekt des Opiates Fentanyl wurde weder durch PAR1- oder PAR2-Agonisten beeinflusst. / Bowel paralysis in intensive care patients is based on many different factors, which are investigated only incomplety until now. Recently a new class of receptors, protease activated receptors (PARs), in different tissues were discribed,inter alia in the intestine. The present study examnined the effect of PARs on gut motility.
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Legitimate, ¿Pars hereditatis o pars bonorum? / Legítima, ¿Pars hereditatis o pars bonorum?Aguilar Llanos, Benjamín 12 April 2018 (has links)
This paper is about the legitimate as an institution of the Inheritance Law and it focus in the discussion over if it would be considered as a pars hereditatis or as a pars bonorum. Following that, the author links the legitimate with the family institution along with how it could be a correspondence between who can receive this inheritance anticipated and who could receive the inheritance. Likewise, backed on national legislation the author takes a stand saying that the legitimate is pars hereditatis because of includes the heirs only. Finally, the author give us more scopes regarding the legitimate while explains how it be related with the institution of collation. / El presente trabajo versa sobre la legítima como institución del Derecho Sucesorio y se centra básicamente en la discusión sobre si debe ser considerada como pars hereditatis o pars bonorum. En esa línea, vincula la legítima con la institución de la familia y cómo se puede ver una correspondencia entre a quiénes se les puede dar la herencia anticipada y quiénes pueden recibir la herencia. Asimismo, apoyándose en las normas nacionales el autor toma una postura al señalar que la legítima es pars hereditatis debido a que incluye solo a los herederos del causante.Finalmente, da más alcances sobre la legítima al explicar cómo se relaciona con la institución de la colación.
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Dual signal transduction pathways activated by TSH receptors in rat primary 1 tanycyte culturesBolborea, M., Helfer, Gisela, Ebling, F.J.P., Barrett, P. 2015 April 1915 (has links)
Yes / Tanycytes play multiple roles in hypothalamic functions, including sensing peripheral nutrients and metabolic hormones, regulating neurosecretion and mediating seasonal cycles of reproduction and metabolic physiology. This last function reflects the expression of TSH receptors in tanycytes, which detect photoperiod-regulated changes in TSH secretion from the neighbouring pars tuberalis. The present overall aim was to determine the signal transduction pathway by which TSH signals in tanycytes. Expression of the TSH receptor in tanycytes of 10-day-old Sprague Dawley rats was observed by in situ hybridisation. Primary ependymal cell cultures prepared from 10-day-old rats were found by immunohistochemistry to express vimentin but not GFAP and by PCR to express mRNA for Dio2, Gpr50, Darpp-32 and Tsh receptors that are characteristic of tanycytes. Treatment of primary tanycyte/ependymal cultures with TSH (100 IU/l) increased cAMP as assessed by ELISA and induced a cAMP-independent increase in the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 as assessed by western blot analysis. Furthermore, TSH (100 IU/l) stimulated a 2.17-fold increase in Dio2 mRNA expression. We conclude that TSH signal transduction in cultured tanycytes signals via Gαs to increase cAMP and via an alternative G protein to increase phosphorylation of ERK1/2.
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Les effets de la thrombine sur l'épithélium colique humain, grâce aux organoïdes (modèle ex vivo, 3D) / Effects of thrombin of human colic epithelium on organoids (3D ex vivo model)Sébert, Morgane 19 January 2018 (has links)
La thrombine, une protéase à sérine connue pour être l'acteur clé de la cascade de coagulation, a été décrite pour réguler les processus apoptotiques au niveau du côlon via l'activation de récepteurs activés par des protéases ou PARs (Protease-Activated Receptors). Cependant, les effets de la thrombine sur la cellule épithéliale colique n'ont été étudiés qu'en utilisant des lignées cellulaires. Les conséquences d'une exposition à différentes doses de thrombine sur un épithélium complexe, composés de différents types cellulaires plus ou moins différenciés sont inconnues à ce jour. Un nouveau modèle cellulaire, nommé organoïde, permet de reconstituer un épithélium colique fonctionnel en 3-dimensions (3D) à partir de résections ou de biopsies humaines, et ce, grâce aux capacités d'auto-renouvellement et de différenciation des cellules souches issues des cryptes coliques. Le 1er objectif de ma thèse a été d'évaluer les effets de la thrombine sur la survie, la prolifération, l'apoptose et la différenciation de l'épithélium colique humain, en utilisant le modèle organoïde. Puis, de déterminer l'implication des récepteurs PAR1 et PAR4 activés par la thrombine dans ces effets. Ainsi, l'ajout de thrombine (à faible dose : 10mU/mL et à forte dose : 50mU/mL) sur une culture d'organoïdes établis à partir de tissus colorectaux normaux entraîne une diminution de moitié de l'activité métabolique et de la prolifération cellulaire. Ces effets sont bloqués en présence d'un antagoniste de PAR1. Le processus apoptotique est, cependant, augmenté d'un facteur 8 en réponse à la thrombine (aux deux doses). Ce processus est inhibé en présence d'antagoniste de PAR1 ou de PAR4. Concernant la différenciation épithéliale, la thrombine diminue le nombre de colonosphères (structures immatures), au profit d'une augmentation du nombre de structures apoptotiques et de colonoïdes (structures plus matures présentant des néo-cryptes). Cet effet est dû à l'activation à la fois de de PAR1 et de PAR4 dans les cellules épithéliales coliques. Mes résultats démontrent que la thrombine exogène agit sur les processus d'apoptose, de prolifération et de différenciation sur un épithélium complexe, issu de la culture de tissus humains. L'utilisation de ce modèle ex vivo permet de comparer les organoïdes pathologiques et normaux, voire de tester les effets d'approches pharmacologiques et de nouveaux médicaments sur ces cultures. Ainsi, la 2nde partie de ce travail de thèse a été d'aborder la mise en place des conditions de culture et d'imagerie nécessaires pour réaliser un screening à haut débit robuste et reproductible, HCS (High-Content Screening), appliquée aux organoïdes. Les conditions de culture d'organoïdes en plaques 96-puits ont été mises au point de même que les conditions permettant d'acquérir des images répondant aux critères nécessaires pour une analyse via un système HCS. Le système Operetta HCS couplé au logiciel d'analyse Harmony (PerkinElmer) a été utilisé pour mettre en place une procédure d'analyse permettant de reconnaître les organoïdes, de les dénombrer, de les classer selon leur état de différenciation et de suivre leur croissance tout au long de la culture. Pour conclure, ces travaux de thèse ont permis de mettre en évidence les effets de la thrombine sur l'état métabolique, l'apoptose et la différenciation de l'épithélium colique humain, grâce au modèle 3D ex vivo d'organoïdes colorectaux. L'utilisation de ce modèle complète les approches jusque-là effectuées dans des modèles de lignées de cellules épithéliales, proposant une vision intégrée du comportement d'un épithélium complexe humain. L'approche HCS initiée lors de ces travaux de thèse pourrait permettre d'analyser de façon robuste et automatisée dans ce modèle, les effets d'autres composés et avoir ainsi un impact majeur sur notre compréhension des pathologies épithéliales et sur les tests de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques. / Thrombin, a serine protease known for its role in the coagulation cascade, was described for its effects on the induction of apoptosis in colonic epithelial cell lines, through the activation of Protease Activated Receptors (PARs). However, the effects of thrombin on complex epithelial structures such as the human intestinal epithelium composed of different cell types and cells at different stages of differentiation, has never been investigated. A new cellular model, named organoid, enables to reconstitute a functional epithelium in 3-dimensions (3D), from human resections or biopsies, thanks to the self-renewal and differentiation properties of stem cells isolated from colonic crypts. The first objective of this thesis was to evaluate thrombin's effects on survival, proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation in human colonic epithelium, using the organoid model. Then, we aimed to determining the implication of PAR1 and PAR4 in the thrombin's effects. Thus, thrombin added (at low dose: 10mU/mL and higher dose: 50mU/mL) to organoid cultures from control patients, led to a decrease by half of metabolic activity and cell proliferation. These effects were blocked by the addition of a PAR1 antagonist. Apoptotic process was 8-fold higher in organoid cultures exposed to thrombin (both doses) and this effect was inhibited by the addition of a PAR1 or a PAR4 antagonist. As per epithelial differentiation, thrombin decreased the number of colonospheres (immature structures) favoring the increase of apoptotic structures and colonoids (budding structures considered as more mature). This effect was due to PAR1 and PAR4 activation as again, it was blocked both by PAR1 and PAR4 antagonist. Taken together, these results reveal that exogenous thrombin acts on apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation processes in complex human colonic epithelium. The use of this ex vivo model will allow to compare pathological versus normal organoid cultures, but also to test the effects of pharmacological approaches and new treatment options directly in cultured human tissues. Thus, the 2nd part of this thesis was to setup the best culture conditions and the best imaging conditions to perform a robust and reproducible screening approach, HCS (High-Content Screening), using organoid cultures. Culture conditions in 96-well plates were set up and allowed to acquire images with the HCS system. Operetta HCS coupled to an analysis software (Harmony, PerkinElmer) was used to develop a specific program enabling the recognition of organoids, their counting, their classification according to their differentiation status and enabling to follow organoid growth in cultures. To sum up, the work performed allowed to highlight the effects of thrombin on metabolic status, apoptosis and differentiation of human colon epithelium, using an ex vivo 3D organoid model. The use this model nicely completed epithelial cell line approaches, offering an integrated view of the complex behavior of human epithelium. The HCS approach initiated within this thesis should allow the automated analysis of a number of drugs and treatments. It should help our understanding of epithelial pathologies and the testing of new therapeutic approaches.
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Vitreous cytokine profile after phaco-emulsification and posterior segment chamber lens placementBegum, Shimul 08 April 2016 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of phacoemulsification and posterior segment chamber lens placement on vitreous inflammatory and neovascular growth factors. More specifically, the effect of immediately preceding cataract surgery was compared to a history of cataract surgery. This study involved a retrospective review and analysis of vitreous samples from a total of twenty seven patients separated into three groups. Group 1, seven patients who underwent a pars plana vitrectomy with macular surgery, group 2, fourteen patients who underwent a combined cataracts and pars plana vitrectomy procedure and group 3, six patients with a history of cataract surgery who underwent a pars plana vitrectomy. The twenty seven patients were picked from a pool of 100 patients who all received pars plana vitrectomy at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center with surgeon Dr. Jorge Arroyo. Exclusion factors included active ocular pathologies such as vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment. Undiluted vitreous samples from each group were taken before beginning the pars plana vitrectomy. The vitreous samples were analyzed for concentrations of fourteen specific vitreous cytokines and neovascular growth factors including but not limited to TNF Alpha; and SCD40L. These fourteen cytokines and growth factors were chosen through a literature review on the post-surgery ocular inflammatory response. Statistical analysis was done on the average means of the cytokine levels for each group using SPSS 20 for windows. A comparison of means analysis found no significant difference in the means of the fourteen cytokines for group 1 and group 2. A second comparison of means with a pooled control group of both group 1 and group 2 patients versus group 3 was also run. In this analysis, only SCD40L or soluble CD40 ligand was shown to have a significant difference between groups. SCD40L levels were significantly higher (significance level of .038) in group 3, the history of cataract group with a mean of (9.50±4.76) than in the control group with a mean of (5.50±3.35). The findings of this study indicate that the protein SCD40L may play an important role in mediating the inflammatory response seen post cataract surgery and may be useful as a target for novel therapies against the inflammatory response.
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Surgical outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy with and without internal limiting membrane peeling for symptomatic vitreomacular tractionStern, Adam 12 July 2017 (has links)
PURPOSE: To study the long-term anatomic and visual outcomes after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with and without internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in patients with symptomatic vitreomacular traction (VMT). This study assesses the frequency of complications, changes in visual acuity, and changes in anatomical central macular thickness after macular surgery.
METHODS: This retrospective, single-site, single-surgeon study reviewed 40 medical records (45 eyes) of patients at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center requiring PPV with ILM peeling (n=27) or without ILM peeling (n=18) for VMT between the years of 2003 and 2016. Successful surgery was defined as the relief of anatomical traction, and the absence of a second surgery, or any post-operative complications (n=42). Visual acuity was documented for each eye prior to surgery and post surgery.
RESULTS: All 27 (100%) eyes that had ILM peeling had successfully resolved macular traction following a single surgery, and 15 of the 18 (83.3%) eyes without ILM peel were successful. None of 27 (0%) eyes that had ILM peeling required a second surgery, nor did they have complications. 3 of the 18 (16.7%) eyes without ILM peeling required a second surgery. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA, logMAR) improved significantly in both groups: BCVA improved from 0.59 ± 0.29 preoperatively to 0.37 ± 0.25 postoperatively in eyes receiving ILM peeling and from 0.77 ± 0.37 to 0.53 ± 0.37 in eyes with PPV only. Mean change in CMT pre-operatively to post-operatively was found to be greater in eyes with PPV alone, but this difference was not statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS: Our case series shows that PPV with ILM peeling for VMT relieved macular traction better than PPV alone, although there was no significant difference in visual acuity outcomes or central macular thickness between the two groups. Further research is required to validate these findings. / 2019-07-11T00:00:00Z
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Naturaleza e importancia del tumulto urbano en el período de la dinastía de ConstantinoAja Sánchez, José Ramón 22 September 1986 (has links)
El objetivo básico de la Tesis es estudiar la fenomenología del conflicto social –la del tumulto popular específicamente- en el ámbito urbano de la Pars Orientis del Bajo Imperio romano. En este estudio se da una especial relevancia al análisis e identificación de los principios de causación que produjeron el propio fenómeno, analizando casos concretos de tumultos (“sucesos-modelo”) y extrapolando a partir de ellos hipótesis, conceptos generales y categorías. El trabajo define el grado de importancia que la vis publica -entendida ésta como una clase de violencia cuasi-legítima ejercida por la plebe urbana de Roma desde épocas ancestrales- tuvo en numerosos sucesos y comportamientos violentos de la plebe habidos a lo largo de la historia del Imperio romano. Una parte significativa de ellos deben entenderse como formas “para-institucionales” de expresión popular (ancestrales, precarias y rudimentarias) que delataban las carencias institucionales que siempre tuvo el Estado romano a lo largo de su historia.
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Drosophila CORL Phenotypes Connect Mating, Longevity, and Insulin SignalingJanuary 2018 (has links)
abstract: Drosophila CORL (dCORL) is a central nervous system (CNS)-specific gene that is hypothesized to function in Transforming Growth Factor β signaling. It is part of the Corl multigene family that includes mouse and human homologs. dCORL is necessary for Ecdysone Receptor isoform B1 (EcR-B1) protein expression in the mushroom body, a brain region responsible for learning and memory. Beyond this, dCORL function is unknown. As dCORL expression is restricted to the CNS, co-expression experiments were performed to identify dCORL-specific neurons. In these experiments, EcR-B1 protein expression was compared to dCORL mRNA expression revealing that they are not expressed in the same cells. Therefore, EcR-B1 is regulated non-autonomously by dCORL. Co-expression analyses were also conducted utilizing dCORL reporters. For example, the reporter AH-lacZ was co-stained with two pars intercerebralis (PI) markers: Drifter (Dfr; a transcription factor found in the nucleus) and Drosophila insulin-like peptide 2 (dILP2; a peptide present in the neurosecretory cells of the pars intercerebralis [PI].) The results showed that there was complete AH-lacZ co-expression with dILP2 in third instar larval and adult brains. Previous work in our lab on dCORL mutant (Df(4)dCORL) adult longevity showed a connection between mating and increased lifespan; mated mutant females had doubled lifespans compared to virgins. Given the published relationship between insulin and longevity, I hypothesized an association between insulin, dCORL, and mating. Df(4)dCORL mutants were used to analyze the effects of dCORL loss-of-function on dILP2. There was a reduction in the number of dILP2-expressing cells in mutants compared to wild type. In wild type larval and adult PI’s, most dILP2-positive neurons also expressed Dfr. Whereas in adult virgin mutants, all dILP2 neurons were Dfr-positive. Both 3-day and 15-day old mated females showed increased dILP2 cell numbers compared to virgin mutants. In these sets of dILP2 cells only a subset expressed Dfr as in wild type. The mutant phenotypes of mated flies showed partial rescue compared to virgins. This led to the conclusion there were associations between mating, longevity, and insulin signaling through dCORL. Homology between Drosophila and mammalian Corl proteins imply these connections may be seen in mammals. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Biology 2018
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Evaluación anatómica, funcional e inmunohistoquímica de pacientes con membranas epirretinales idiopáticasMolina Martín, Julio César 24 July 2018 (has links)
OBJETIVO: Se realizó un estudio analítico, longitudinal prospectivo, para realizar una evaluación anatómica, funcional e inmunohistoquímica a pacientes con membranas epirretinales (MER) maculares idiopáticas sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico a través de vitrectomía pars plana. MÉTODO: La muestra de de 68 pacientes con MER idiopáticas diagnosticados de MER idiopática, atendidos en las consultas del servicio de oftalmología del hospital universitario San Juan de Alicante, desde enero del 2016 hasta enero de 2018, que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. A los pacientes se les realizó un examen oftalmológico completo, tomografía de coherencia óptica de dominio espectral (SD-OCT) al diagnóstico, al mes y a los tres meses de la cirugía. Se empleó la vitrectomía pars (VPP) plana 23 G, con levantamiento de la MER y liberación de la membrana limitante interna como tratamiento quirúrgico. Para el análisis inmunohistóquímico se recogieron muestras de MER durante la VPP. Las principales variables estudiadas fueron MAVC, utilización de Triamcinolona intravítrea, grosor foveal central (GFC), alteración de capa de Henle y de líneas hiperreflectivas de capas externas a nivel foveal por SD-OCT, presencia de células de Müller, astrocitos, microglía residente, microglía activada y macrófagos. Se relacionó el resultado anatómico, funcional e inmunohistoquímico. RESULTADOS: Se evidenció una recuperación significativa (p<0,001) de la MAVC después de la VPP El grosor foveal central (GFC) y los quistes intraretinales no presentaron una asociación estadísticamente significativamente con la mejor agudeza visual corregida (MAVC). Se observó una recuperación significativa de las alteraciones de las cuatro líneas hiperreflectivas de capas externas y de la capa de Henle por SD-OCT después de la cirugía. El grupo celular más frecuente en las muestras de MER estudiadas fue la macroglia, observándose en todos los estadios evolutivos por SD-OCT. Se demostró la aparición, con mayor frecuencia, de la microglía residente, microglía activada y macrófagos en los pacientes que no presentaron alteraciones de líneas hipereflectivas de capas externas. Los pacientes que mostraron microglía activada y macrófagos en sus muestras de MER, tuvieron una mayor recuperación del GFC y de la MAVC. CONCLUSIONES: La mejoría de la agudeza visual de los pacientes con MER idiopáticas no depende del GFC ni de quistes intrarretinales; siendo la integridad de capas externas, en asociación con la agudeza visual, los mejores factores predictivos de recuperación visual en estos pacientes. Las alteraciones de la capa de Henle, y de las líneas hiperreflectivas de capas externas 1 y 4, fueron las variables anatómicas que presentaron una mayor asociación con la MAVC, antes y después de la cirugía. La presencia de microglía residente, microglía activada y macrófagos en la MER idiopática, podría ser un factor protector de alteraciones de líneas hiperreflectivas externas por SD-OCT.
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