Emissions from passenger transport causes impacts to the environment and human health. With increasing demand for urban transportation caused by population growth and urbanization new transport solutions are needed. Vectus Intelligent Transport develops a new transport solution with the Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) technology which provides individual, automated and on demand transportation. Vectus is currently building their first commercial system at the Suncheon wetlands in South Korea. One of the purposes with the Suncheon PRT system is to reduce the environmental impact on the unique eco-system of the wetlands. The PRT technology is considered a sustainable transport solution due to the fact that it is electrically powered. However, there has not until now been any detailed environmental analysis of a complete PRT system. In this thesis a life cycle assessment (LCA) for the Vectus PRT was performed to identify the parts of the system that contributed to the largest environmental impact and in which phase of the life cycle these impacts occurred, as well as the impact of some system changes. The Suncheon PRT system was used as a ground scenario. All processes needed to construct, operate and dismantle the system were included in the assessment and were used to build a material and energy flow model for the complete life cycle. For the overall system the track stood for the largest impact followed by the vehicles. These impacts occurred at different phases of the life cycle, the tracks during construction due to its large mass and vehicles during operation due to the energy demand. A track made of steel had a lower environmental impact compared to a concrete track due to its lighter structure. By using certified electricity mix the impact during the operation phase could be reduced by over 95 % for most of the impact categories studied. The choice of electricity mix during operation was the single most efficient way to affect the overall environmental impact of the system. Using power collection instead of batteries was the preferred alternative as the vehicle power system due to short lifetime for batteries and increase in number of vehicles to maintain passenger capacity due to charging time. By combining these configurations for the Suncheon PRT system the overall environmental impact could be lowered by about 50 %. According to the LCA a slight decrease in greenhouse gas emissions and increase of emissions of acidifying substances will occur compared to competing modes of transport, such as transportation with cars and buses, due to the construction of the Suncheon PRT. However, during operation minimal emissions will occur at the Suncheon wetlands thus fulfilling the purpose of the PRT. There is also a large potential to substantially lower the impact by choosing renewable power, an alternative not available for gasoline driven vehicles. / Utsläpp från persontransporter påverkar både miljön och människors hälsa. Med ökad efterfrågan av stadstrafik på grund av befolkningstillväxt och urbanisering krävs nya transportlösningar. Vectus Intelligent Transportation utvecklar en ny transportlösning med konceptet spårtaxi (PRT) som erbjuder individuell och automatiserad passagerartransport på begäran. Vectus uppför för närvarande sitt första kommersiella system vid Suncheons nationalpark i Sydkorea. Ett av syftena med spårtaxisystemet i Suncheon är att minska miljöpåverkan vid nationalparken. PRT-tekniken anses vara en hållbar transportlösning tack vare det faktum att driften sker med el. Någon detaljerad miljöanalys av ett komplett spårtaxisystem har dock inte tidigare utförts. I detta examensarbete utfördes en livscykelanalys (LCA) för Vectus PRT för att identifiera vilka delar av systemet som bidrog till störst miljöpåverkan och i vilken del av livscykeln dessa effekter inträffade samt effekter av olika ändringar i systemutformning. Spårtaxisystemet i Suncheon användes som grundscenario. Alla processer som krävdes för att bygga, driva och avveckla systemet ingick i analysen och användes till att bygga en material- och energiflödesmodell för hela livscykeln. För det totala systemet stod spåret för den största miljöpåverkan följt av fordonen. Dessa effekter uppstod under olika faser av livscykeln, spåret under konstruktion på grund av dess stora massa och fordonen under drift på grund av dess energiförbrukning. Ett spår bestående av stål hade en lägre miljöpåverkan jämfört med ett spår i betong tack vare dess lättare struktur. Genom att använda certifierad elmix kunde effekterna under driftsfasen minskas med över 95 % för flertalet av de studerade miljöeffekterna. Valet av elmix under drift var det enskilt mest effektiva sättet att påverka systemets totala miljöpåverkan. Användandet av strömavtagare i stället för batterier var att föredra som alternativ till fordonens energikälla. Detta på grund av kort livslängd för batterier och en ökning av totala antalet fordon i systemet för att upprätthålla passagerarkapacitet på grund av laddningstiden. Genom att kombinera dessa konfigurationer för Suncheons spårtaxisystem kunde den totala miljöpåverkan sänkas ca 50%. Enligt LCAn kommer en liten utsläppsminskning av växthusgaser men en ökning av utsläpp av försurande ämnen ske jämfört med konkurrerande vägtransporter, så som bilar och bussar, genom uppförandet av spårtaxisystemet vid Suncheon. Däremot kommer minimala utsläpp ske vid Suncheons nationalpark under drifttiden vilket uppfyller syftet med spårtaxisystemet. Det finns också en stor potential att avsevärt sänka effekterna genom att välja förnyelsebara energikällor, ett alternativ som inte skulle vara möjligt för bensindrivna motorfordon.

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Baigiamajame magistro darbe analizuojama integruotos keleivinio transporto politikos įgyvendinimas Lietuvoje, aptariama politikos formavimo ir įgyvendinimo procesas bei integruotos keleivinio transporto politikos kūrimas, vertinamos politikos įgyvendinimo priemonės, jų pasirinkimas ir įgyvendinimo sėkmingumas, pristatomi svarbiausi Europos Sąjungos teisės aktų reikalavimai ir jų nuostatų pritaikymas bei įgyvendinimas Lietuvos politikos procese. / The thesis analyzes integrated passenger transport policy implementation in Lithuania, discusses the design and implementation process of an integrated passenger transport policy development, describes policy assessment measures, their selection and the success of their implementation, and introduces the most important EU legislative requirements and the application of these provisions in Lithuania’s transport policy.

The aim of this research study is to analyse the demand for public transport on the route Zliv-Ceske Budejovice. Its main aim is to figure out whether comuters prefer public transport to personal transport and what effect does that make on the environment. The analysis was based on findings both prior and posterior demand. The basis for the processing methodology and study of scientific literature is held with a focus on transport and related topics. An integral part of the methodology process is quality data obtained from residents and those moving to session Zliv-Ceske Budejovice. The method used, allows us to analyse the differences between real and desired transport demands. The results of this work will help us manage public transport efficiently, in order to increase the attractiveness of public transport in the session and as a consequence, the negative environmental impacts of other modes of transport.

This thesis aims to analyse passenger rail transport and its importance nowadays, mainly in the international context. It sums up the obstacles that negatively affect the competitiveness of railways and how the European Union copes with this issue. The practical part of the thesis focuses on long-distance rail services, such as night trains and car trains. It includes an analysis of the services provided by two European rail operators and seeks to provide an insight into the customer decision-making process between rail and car transportation.

In this work, the current state and prospects of development of urban passenger transport in the operating conditions of the city of Yekaterinburg of the Sverdlovsk region are investigated and analyzed. The analysis and evaluation of the management and organization of passenger traffic to urban passenger transport in the city of Yekaterinburg. The solution of the problem of dispatching control and organization of passenger traffic in the urban cycle by mathematical modeling and optimization is considered. A General view of the simulation model of the automated system of urban passenger transport management by levels is developed. It also proposes the structure of management and organization of urban passenger transport. / В данной работе исследована и проанализирована современное состояние и перспективы развитие городского пассажирского транспорта в условиях эксплуатации города Екатеринбург Свердловской области. Изложена анализ и оценка эффективности управления и организации пассажиропотока городским пассажирским транспортам в городе Екатеринбург. Рассмотрена решение проблемы диспетчеризации управления и организации пассажирских перевозок в городском цикле математическим методом моделирования и оптимизации. Разработан общий вид имитационной модели автоматизированной системы управлении городского пассажирского транспорта по уровням. А также предлагается структура управления и организации городского пассажирского транспорта.

Selected aspects of sharing economy with emphasis on Airbnb and Uber Abstract This paper focuses on the legal regulation of digital platforms which are used to arrange short-term accommodation (the most popular representative is Airbnb) and passenger transport (where Uber is the best-known platform). In the introduction the author explains why he considers it inappropriate to say these platforms are part of "sharing economy", although this term is currently widely used. In addition, the author examines the benefits of Airbnb and Uber platforms in general, such as user comfort, a rating system that allows quality control of provided services, lower prices for the customer than with traditional service providers and a simple way to earn some extra money. At the same time, the author mentions negative aspects of these platforms, such as lower collection of taxes and fees, poor protection of employees and potentially also customers, or reduction of availability and quality of housing. In the next part of the paper the author focuses on each of the mentioned platforms and evaluates the regulation of these platforms, or rather service providers that use these platforms, in the light of both Czech and European case law. The author concludes that the use of apartments for the continuous provision of accommodation...

[pt] As ferrovias, como meio de transporte de passageiros tão popular e acessível em diversas partes do mundo, já foram muito exploradas no Brasil, nos séculos XIX e XX, mas, hoje em dia, praticamente se extinguiram no país, onde impera a vasta indústria automobilística. Com uma população de 208 milhões de brasileiros, a baixa incidência do transporte ferroviário compromete a eficiência e a competitividade das atividades econômicas, gerando a denominada produção sacrificada e aumentando o custo Brasil, incluindo os acidentes de trânsito, com consequências onerosas para a máquina pública. Desde 1988, com a nova Constituição, observa-se o fenômeno do vácuo geopolítico de poder público, propiciando vasta margem de atuação à iniciativa privada, no controle e gestão territorial, gerando efeitos opostos e contraditórios, caracterizando-se o chamado paradoxo organizacional. Assim, a pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar os principais entraves da gestão e os motivos de conflitos de interesse para a ativação do sistema de transporte ferroviário de passageiros no trecho Macaé-Campos, à luz do Projeto da EF-118 e de outros fatores agravantes. Analisou-se a mobilidade regional ferroviária não apenas como alternativa possível de transporte de massa, mas como um vetor de desenvolvimento, capaz de impulsionar novos processos de ordenamento territorial e de desenvolvimento tecnológico e econômico, ampliando-se as visões e os desafios de médio e longo prazo, principalmente do ponto de vista da gestão pública regional para o estado do Rio de Janeiro. / [en] Railways, as a means of passenger transportation that is so popular and accessible in various parts of the world, were already widely explored in Brazil in the 19th and 20th centuries, but nowadays they have practically extinguished in the country, where the automotive industry vastly prevails. With a population of 208 million Brazilians, the low incidence of rail transport compromises the efficiency and competitiveness of economic activities, generating the so-called sacrificed production and increasing the Brazil cost, including traffic accidents, with costly consequences for the public finance. Since 1988, with the new Constitution, the phenomenon of the geopolitical vacuum of public power has been observed, providing a wide scope for private initiative in territorial control and management, generating opposing and contradictory effects, characterizing the so-called organizational paradox. Thus, the research had as objective to verify the main obstacles of the management and the reasons of conflicts of interest for the activation of the railway system of passangers in the section Macaé-Campos, in light of the Project of EF-118 and other aggravating factors. Regional rail mobility was analyzed, not only as a possible alternative of mass transport, but as a vector of development, capable of boosting new processes of territorial organization and of technological and economic development, enlarging the visions and challenges of medium and long-term, mainly from the point of view of regional public management for the state of Rio de Janeiro.

Submitted by Programa de Pós-graduação em Administração Volta Redonda (ppga.uff.vr@gmail.com) on 2017-10-23T20:08:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação Vanessa de Almeida Guimarães.pdf: 2820770 bytes, checksum: 6b12dabde03e54138d69cd9b49753768 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca do Aterrado BAVR (bavr@ndc.uff.br) on 2018-03-20T23:18:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação Vanessa de Almeida Guimarães.pdf: 2820770 bytes, checksum: 6b12dabde03e54138d69cd9b49753768 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-20T23:18:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação Vanessa de Almeida Guimarães.pdf: 2820770 bytes, checksum: 6b12dabde03e54138d69cd9b49753768 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Tradicionalmente, a avaliação de desempenho do setor de transportes direciona seu foco ao aspecto econômico, nem sempre considerando as dimensões ambientais e sociais. Entretanto, em função da possível extensão e magnitude dos impactos decorrentes da atividade de transporte, esta avaliação deveria ser feita considerando critérios de sustentabilidade. Dessa forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo propor e aplicar um método que possibilite a avaliação conjunta das dimensões que compõem o conceito de sustentabilidade. A aplicação foi feita para avaliar o desempenho das alternativas de transporte urbano de passageiros disponíveis no trecho Rio-Niterói. Verificou-se que a utilização de valores pontuais (e/ou médios) dos indicadores (e/ou medidas) para avaliar o desempenho das alternativas de transporte pode conduzir o gestor (público ou privado) a decisões inadequadas, pois deixa de levar em conta as incertezas associadas a cada indicador (e/ou medida) de sustentabilidade. Mesmo a análise de cenários não é capaz de mapear as possibilidades de ocorrência, deixando dúvidas sobre qual alternativa tem a maior probabilidade de registrar um maior nível de sustentabilidade sustentável. Dessa forma, aplicou-se a Simulação de Monte Carlo a fim de verificar quais os possíveis desempenhos registrados pelas alternativas bem como suas probabilidades de ocorrência. Notou-se, por exemplo, que embora o ônibus tenha apresentado um melhor desempenho no cenário referencial, é a barca quem tem a maior probabilidade de registrar performances consideradas adequadas. Além disso, apesar da literatura sobre mobilidade sustentável incentivar a substituição do transporte individual pelo coletivo, o automóvel a etanol demonstrou que poderia apresentar, com baixa probabilidade, o melhor desempenho dentre todas as alternativas. Destaca-se, também, que o automóvel a gasolina, opção mais utilizada no trecho em estudo, embora tenha maior probabilidade de ter desempenhos superiores à motocicleta, registrou o pior índice de sustentabilidade possível entre todas as alternativas. Por fim, foi possível observar que a medida que mais influencia o desempenho das alternativas de transporte individual é o custo, enquanto a mais relevante para as alternativas coletivas é o tempo de viagem. Esta constatação pode auxiliar o gestor na decisão sobre que ações deveriam ser tomadas para aprimorar o desempenho do sistema de transporte, tornando-o mais sustentável. Dessa forma, verifica-se que o método proposto pode ser considerado útil apoio a decisão, auxiliando no direcionamento das políticas governamentais no setor de transporte e no gerenciamento das empresas operadoras. / Traditionally, the performance assessment in transport sector is focused in the economic aspect, not always considering environmental and social dimensions. Although, due to the possible extent and magnitude of the impacts related to transport activities, this assessment should be done considering sustainability criteria. Therefore, this study aims to propose and apply a method that allows the joint evaluation of the dimensions that compose the sustainability concept. The application evaluates the performance of the urban passenger transport alternatives available in Rio-Niterói route. We verified that the use of specific (and/or average) values of the indicators (and/or measures) to assess the performance of the transport alternatives can lead the managers (public and privates) to inappropriate decisions, because do not consider the uncertainty associated to each indicator (and/or measure) of sustainability. Even the scenario analysis is not able to map the probabilities of occurrence, leaving doubts about which alternative is more likely to have a higher level of sustainability. Thereby, we applied the Monte Carlo Simulation in order to verify the possible performance of each alternative as well as its probability of occurrence. We noted that, for instance, although the bus had the best performance in the reference scenario, the ferry is the alternative with higher probability of reaching the performances considered adequate. Besides, despite the literature of sustainable mobility encourages the replacement of the individual transport to the collective, the car by ethanol demonstrated that could reach, with low probability, the best performance among all the alternatives. We also highlight that the car by gasoline, alternative used the most in the route under assessment, is more likely to have better performance levels than motorcycle. Nevertheless, the car had the worst performance level, among all the alternatives. Lastly, we found that the "cost" is the measure that most influence the performance of individual alternatives while "time of travel" is the most relevant to the collective ones. These findings could help managers to decide on what actions should be taken to improve the performance of the transport system, making it more sustainable. Therefore, the proposed method could be considered useful in the decision support, assisting in the leading of government policies in the transport sector and in the management of the operating companies.

The main goal of the diploma thesis is to describe and evaluate the form of city logistics and transportation services in New York City and to define related basic problems. The theoratical part focuses on the general background of distribution processes, logistics technologies based on transport and city logistics in general. Then in the practical part there is commented the status and trends in personal, freight transport, distribution and storage of goods in New York region, the largest problems of transportation services in aglomeration and strategies of their solution. The conclusion contains the summary and recommendations.