During the battles for East Prussia in the final year of the Second World War, the ruthless conduct of German troops resulted in vast material and personal damage. By focusing on the besieged ‘Festung Königsberg’ in the spring of 1945, this dissertation argues that the violence that transpired in Germany in 1945 can only be understood by devoting sustained attention to local actors and factors. By combining social history and military history approaches, the research restores agency to the German army, the Wehrmacht, as an active participant in the radicalisation of the German home front. This case study demonstrates that due to the fragmentation of Germany, the decisions and orders of Wehrmacht commanders had a disproportionately large impact at a local level. The radical nature of these decisions was the direct result of the commanders’ violent experiences during the preceding years, while the barbarised mindset of the rank-and-file encouraged the rigorous enforcement of military authority. The dissertation’s findings contribute to four themes within the historiography of the Second World War. First, it contributes to the recent debate surrounding the German Volksgemeinschaft by drawing attention to the limits of loyalty to the regime, and the actors and events that prompted this fidelity to shift. Secondly, by analysing a large number of unused archival sources, it provides the first in-depth urban history of everyday life in Königsberg during its 1945 siege. Thirdly, it challenges the conventional historiographical view in which fanatical Party officials were the main perpetrators of late-war violence by emphasising the significance of the Wehrmacht as a key actor. Even though large numbers of German troops operated in close proximity to German civilians, their conduct has hardly been considered as an explanation of the events of 1945. Lastly, this dissertation combines and transcends the different perspectives on German domestic and martial law, suggesting that the two were ever more closely intertwined as the war progressed, resulting in a shift of behavioural patterns. The focus on Königsberg and its immediate surroundings has allowed for a re-examination of late-war society, being the first to focus attention on the triadic relationship of Wehrmacht, Party, and civilian population.

This thesis compares burial practices of Beaker-using communities in Britain and provides a corpus of British Beaker burials. Chronologically, this study covers the period from around the 25th until the 18th century BC, from the Chalcolithic to the Early Bronze Age. Beakers were a new feature in late British prehistory and were probably introduced through small-scale migration and cultural transfer. Together with the pottery, a new style of funerary practices was introduced, that was comparable to continental practices at that time and strictly distinguished between male and female individuals. The standard continental practice, e.g. in Bohemia, was that men were buried with their head to the north, lying on their left side, thus facing east. Women were also facing east, but were buried on the right side and were consequently orientated to the south. This particular pattern can be found in southern Britain but is less strict in its application. This peculiar finding has attracted much scholarly interest since its discovery. Therefore, the research of Beaker funerary practices has a long tradition and still forms a core area of research. This study considers two main questions: does the data confirm established opinions on Beaker burial practices, including a distinct regional division of burial traditions, e.g. in terms of body orientation between northern and southern Britain, and is it possible to identify which area of continental Europe exerted the greatest influence on developments in Britain? In order to be able to structurally compare these burials, a database containing 311 entries has been compiled from the published literature. All available data on the skeletons has been integrated, including orientation, position, and limb position. Additionally, data on grave construction and artefacts has been collected. This data has been analysed quantitatively and qualitatively, both comparatively and statistically. Through the collected data, this thesis argues that the general image of Beaker burial practices is still valid. However, certain generalisations require revision, for example the orientations of individuals. Chronologically, early Beaker burials follow strict standards, while during the course of Beaker currency these standards become less strictly adhered to. Possible regions of the origin of British Beaker burial practices are usually connected with the Lower Rhine area. The study agrees that this area had strong influences in northern Britain, but argues that southern Britain, on grounds of orientations and positions of the bodies, had more varied influences with a stronger input from central Europe.

O teletrabalho é uma prática que pode ser utilizada como medida de gerenciamento da demanda por transporte urbano, uma vez que tem o potencial de reduzir a necessidade de realização de viagens através da substituição de atividades presenciais, que exigem deslocamentos, pelas virtuais, realizadas com auxílio de tecnologias da informação e comunicação. Esta pesquisa procura explorar e entender como está ocorrendo a adoção do teletrabalho por empresas em São Paulo e quais são os seus principais impactos nos padrões individuais de atividades e viagens. Para alcançar este objetivo, foi realizada uma revisão abrangente da literatura seguida por dois levantamentos de dados. O primeiro consistiu em entrevistas em profundidade com representantes do departamento de recursos humanos de dez empresas, que adotavam ou não teletrabalho. Já o segundo foi realizado com teletrabalhadores e utilizou ferramentas como questionário online, aplicativo de smartphone (para coletar dados de atividades e viagens por 7 dias) e entrevistas em profundidade. As entrevistas com representantes de empresas revelam que os potenciais benefícios para as empresas e para os funcionários são os aspectos que estão motivando a disseminação do teletrabalho, mesmo que de forma lenta. Porém, por não ser ainda uma prática comum, continuam a prevalecer algumas barreiras, principalmente relacionadas à cultura organizacional. O levantamento de dados com teletrabalhadores indica que a viagem casa-trabalho e o congestionamento em São Paulo têm sido os principais motivadores para adesão, e revela diferenças importantes no comportamento relativo a viagens dos indivíduos nos dias de teletrabalho e nos dias de trabalho convencional. Enquanto o número de atividades realizadas por outros motivos que não o trabalho e o tempo a elas dedicado são similares nos dias de teletrabalho e de trabalho convencional, o número de viagens, a distância viajada e o tempo gasto em transporte se reduzem. / Telecommuting can be considered a measure for travel demand management since it has the potential to reduce trips by replacing a face to face activity, which requires travel, by a virtual one, with the use of information and communication technologies. The objective of this research is twofold: first, to explore and understand the adoption of telecommuting by companies in São Paulo and, second, to identify and to measure the main impacts of telecommuting on individuals activity-travel patterns. To achieve this aim, a comprehensive literature review was conducted, followed by two types of data collection efforts. First, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals responsible for Human Resources policies in ten companies adopting telecommuting or not. Second, a sample of telecommuters was recruited to answer to an online questionnaire and to provide detailed diary data for 7 days using smartphones, after which an in-depth interview was conducted. Interviews with Human Resources personnel revealed that potential benefits for companies and employees are the drivers behind the dissemination of telecommuting, although slow. As a yet unconventional practice, barriers continue to exist, particularly related to organizational culture. Data collection and analysis of telecommuters behavior shows that the congestion faced in the home-to-work trip is the main reason for adoption of telecommuting in São Paulo. Important differences in activity and travel behavior were observed between telecommuting and non-telecommuting days. While the number of participations and the time spent in non-work activities are relatively similar for the two types of days, a reduction occurred in the number of trips, total distance and time traveled on telecommuting days.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:35:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 magalhaesjunior_jfs_me_rcla.pdf: 652656 bytes, checksum: 28ad8c03cb983049745e90a5840155a7 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Definir um padrão para um determinado movimento esportivo é de extrema importância para que os profissionais de Educação Física e Esportes possam interferir na prática do ensino ou treinamento deste fenômeno. A Cinemática é uma área da Biomecânica que possui ferramentas suficientes para quantificar qualquer movimento, por mais complexo que seja. Visando a maior compreensão do comportamento do membro inferior na execução do chute no futebol, este estudo definiu e comparou os padrões cinemáticos dos segmentos da coxa, perna e pé em indivíduos praticantes e não praticantes de futebol, descansados e induzidos à exaustão. Foram convidados 10 participantes praticantes regulares de futebol e 10 participantes que não possuem prática regular ou nunca praticaram o esporte. O limiar anaeróbio dos 20 participantes foi calculado através do teste de TEGTBUR e cada participante , em descanso, foi filmado por quatro câmeras de vídeo com freqüência de 120 Hz executando 5 séries de chutes ao gol simulando uma cobrança de falta e posteriormente foram induzidos à exaustão para a execução de outras 5 séries de chutes. Os padrões cinemáticos foram determinados pelas curvas das projeções estereográficas e comparados entre os grupos através da análise por cluster. Foram detectadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos dos praticantes e o grupo dos não praticantes nas duas situações (descanso e exaustão) para os segmentos da coxa perna e pé, sendo que as maiores diferenças surgiram no segmento do pé. Já na comparação intragrupos para as situações de descanso e exaustão não foram obtidas diferenças significativas. Com base nestes resultados é possível concluir que há diferença na execução do movimento entre indivíduos praticantes e não praticantes de futebol no que diz respeito ao comportamento dos segmentos... . / Defining a sports movement patter is an important factor to help Physical Education and Sports professionals to understand and to intervene in the teaching and training of this phenomenon. The Kinematics is a Biomechanics' area that has enough tools to quantify a movement, does not matter his complexity. The purpose of this study was to have a great understanding of the lower limb behavior in the soccer kick, comparing the kinematic patterns of the thigh, shank and foot segments in soccer practitioners and non-practitioners in the rest and exhaustion situation. Ten soccer regular practitioners subjects and ten soccer non-practitioners subjects participated in this study. Anaerobic threshold was calculated through TEGTBUR test. In a rest situation, four video cameras (120 Hz) recorded each subject performing five free kicks to goal simulating a real situation of the game. After that they were induced to exhaustion condition from individual anaerobic threshold and performed more five free kicks. The images were transfer to computer and the kinematics patters were define through the stereographic projection curves of each segment and they were compared between the groups through the cluster analysis. Significant differences between the practitioners and non-practitioners groups in both situation (rest and exhaustion) of the thigh, shank and foot segments were found, with the greatest differences appearing in the foot segment. However, comparing the different situations inside the groups, no significant differences were found. According with this data we can conclude that there is a difference in the movement performance between soccer practitioners and non-practitioners subjects in the segments behavior analyzed, and these differences can be measured and compared. Furthermore it's possible to detect where these differences occur most. The results also oppose the hypothesis that this kind of fatigue can cause deficiency in the movement performance.

Submitted by RICARDO SHINDI HOSOKAWA null (rickhoso@bol.com.br) on 2017-01-03T23:30:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Delineação de padrões na superfície da poliamida por processo de plasma.pdf: 4742915 bytes, checksum: 268d0bc1d9923e2f37c24eceb7007ce5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-01-05T18:24:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 hosokawa_rs_me_bauru.pdf: 4742915 bytes, checksum: 268d0bc1d9923e2f37c24eceb7007ce5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-05T18:24:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 hosokawa_rs_me_bauru.pdf: 4742915 bytes, checksum: 268d0bc1d9923e2f37c24eceb7007ce5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-17 / Neste trabalho foi investigada a possibilidade de se criar padrões regularmente distribuídos sobre a superfície da poliamida (PA), utilizando o processo de deposição de filmes em plasmas de baixa pressão. Para tal, um único procedimento foi empregado utilizando-se uma malha metálica comercial (60 μm) como máscara para delinear pilares na superfície da poliamida. Os plasmas de deposição foram gerados a partir de atmosferas contendo 70% de hexametildisiloxano (HMDSO) e 30% de oxigênio a uma pressão total de 23 Pa, já incluído o valor de 3 Pa referente à pressão de fundo. O plasma foi ativado pela aplicação do sinal de radiofrequência (13,56 MHz, 150 W) no suporte de amostras enquanto o eletrodo superior permaneceu aterrado. O tempo de deposição, t, foi alterado de 15 a 90 min. Na etapa inicial do trabalho o filme foi uniformemente depositado sobre o polímero sem a utilização de máscara. Uma segunda etapa de experimentos foi realizada, utilizando-se condições idênticas às anteriores, mas com o auxílio da trama metálica sobre as amostras para guiar a deposição do filme somente nos poros da máscara. Filmes organosilicones, compostos por estruturas granulares e com espessuras dependentes de t, foram uniformemente depositados sobre a PA quando a máscara não foi utilizada. A deposição do filme independentemente da condição de t, aumenta a rugosidade superficial e transforma a amostra inicialmente hidrofílica em hidrofóbica. Muito embora t afete de forma suave a composição química, estrutura molecular e a molhabilidade do filme, seu efeito na espessura da camada é substancial. Padrões na forma de pilares foram regularmente definidos na superfície da PA com a deposição do filme organosilicone e a utilização da máscara. A altura dos pilares cresce com t alcançando até 1 µm. Para os maiores valores de t empregados, as máscaras não atuaram efetivamente como sombra na região dos fios. Observou-se que a molhabilidade da superfície ficou estável com o tempo de envelhecimento e não foi afetada pelos padrões. / In this work it was investigated the possibility of creating patterns regularly distributed on the surface of the polyamide (PA), using the process of film deposition in low pressure plasmas. For such, a single procedure was employed using a commercial metallic mesh (60 μm) as a mask to delineate pillars on the polyamide surface. The depositing plasmas were generated from atmospheres containing 70% of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) and 30% of oxygen at a total pressure of 23 Pa, already included the amount of 3 Pa related to the background pressure. The plasma was activated applying a radiofrequency signal (13.56 MHz, 150 W) to the sample holder while grounding the topmost electrode. Deposition time, t, was changed from 15 to 90 min. In the initial stage of the work the film was evenly deposited on the polymer without the usage of mask. A second step of experiments was performed, using the same conditions as earlier, but with the aid of the metallic frame on the samples to guide the film deposition only in the pores of the mask. Organosilicones films consisting of granular structures and thickness dependent of t were evenly deposited on the PA when the mask was not used. The film deposition, independently of condition of t, increases the surface roughness and transforms the sample initially hydrophilic to hydrophobic. Although t affects smoothly the chemical composition, molecular structure and wettability of the film, its effect on the layer thickness is substantial. Patterns in the form of pillars were regularly defined on the surface of PA with the organosilicon film deposition and the usage of the mask. The height of the pillars grows with t reaching up to 1 micrometers. For higher values of t, the masks did not act effectively as shadow in the wire region. It was observed that the surface wettability was stable with the aging time and it was not affected by the patterns.

As trepadeiras apresentam uma grande diversidade de espécies e desempenham um importante papel no funcionamento dos ecossistemas, sobretudo em regiões tropicais. Evidências de que as trepadeiras lenhosas (lianas) estariam aumentando em dominância, trazendo sérias conseqüências para a dinâmica florestal, tornam o estudo de padrões de distribuição de espécies em diferentes escalas e de atributos associados às trepadeiras, temas de grande interesse na ecologia. No presente estudo, mostrou-se que as trepadeiras com raízes adesivas têm maior probabilidade de ocorrer em sítios com níveis mais elevados de precipitação e com menor estacionalidade de chuvas, o que contrasta com o padrão global conhecido para lianas. A diversidade e a distribuição de trepadeiras em regiões extratropicais também foram abordadas, considerando a região extratropical da América do Sul. As floras de áreas subtropicais e temperadas diferiram quanto à riqueza e à composição de espécies trepadeiras e quanto a atributos, tais como forma de crescimento e mecanismo de escalada. No sul do Brasil, uma caracterização mais detalhada da composição de espécies de trepadeiras foi realizada, corroborando a importância desse grupo em regiões extratropicais. Finalmente, em escala local, foi demonstrado que a probabilidade de ocorrência das espécies em certo hábitat é influenciada pelo tipo de mecanismo de escalada adotado. Considerando que espécies com o mesmo mecanismo apresentam tolerâncias e requerimentos ambientais semelhantes, a ação de filtros resulta em uma distribuição não randômica das guildas de escalada ao longo de hábitats distintos. Além da estrutura fenotípica, a estrutura filogenética das comunidades refletiu a ação de filtros sobre o mecanismo de escala. / Climbers are a diverse group of plants which plays an important role in ecosystems functioning, especially in tropical regions. Regarding the evidences that lianas are increasing in dominance with significant consequences for the forest dynamics, the study of patterns of distribution at different scales and climbing traits constitute relevant issues in plant ecology. At the present study, we showed that root-climbers have greater probability of occurrence at sites with higher precipitations and lower seasonality, which contrasts with the global pattern proposed for lianas. The diversity and distribution of climbing plants in extratropical regions were also addressed, concerning the extratropical region of South America. Subtropical and temperate areas differed as their species richness, taxonomic composition and attributes, such as growth form and climbing mechanism. In southern Brazil, the climbing flora composition was described in more detail, reinforcing the importance of this group of plants in extratropical regions. Finaly, at local scale, we showed that the species probability of occurrence in a habitat was associated to their climbing mechanism. Regarding that species which share the same climbing mechanism have similar tolerances and environmental requirements, the action of filters results in a non-random distribution of the climbing guilds across different habitats. Besides of the phenotypic structure, the community phylogenetic structure is also influenced by habitat filtering of climbing mechanisms.

Durante décadas, a visão prevalente em ecologia de microrganismos era de que os fatores ambientais locais seriam os únicos agentes estruturantes das comunidades e dos padrões de coexistência das espécies. Entretando, estudos recentes têm fornecido evidência de que processos ligados a dispersão possam ser tão importantes quanto o ambiente local na estruturação das comunidades, reacendendo o debate em torno da hipótese clássica sobre a ubiquidade dos microrganismos. Neste estudo, nós examinamos os padrões de coexistência do fitoplâncton e os possíveis determinantes da variação espacial na composição das comunidades em 9 lagoas do sul do Brasil. Nós testamos se as espécies fitoplanctônicas apresentam um padrão não aleatório de coexistência através de um modelo nulo e se distância espacial ou a distância ambiental possuem relação com a similaridade na composição das comunidades. Nós também investigamos se as variáveis ambientais locais são bons preditores da abundância das espécies. Na análise de coexistência, nós não observamos um padrão significativo de estruturação dentro das lagoas, mas encontramos um padrão não-aleatório e segregado das espécies ao longo das lagoas, indicando que as espécies coexistem menos do que o esperado ao acaso nesta escala. A similaridade na composição das comunidades mostrou correlação significativa com a distância ambiental, mas não foi correlacionada com a distância geográfica entre os sítios. Além disso, a variação na abundância das espécies apresentou correlação significativa com as variáveis ambientais locais (transparência da água, condutividade, nitrato e ortofosfato). Em conclusão, nossos resultados apoiam a visão de que a variação espacial do fitoplâncton é melhor explicada pelo ambiente local. Nós não testamos a influência de variáveis históricas e filogenéticas sobre esses padrões, que podem ser temas de estudos futuros, a fim de elucidar ainda mais essas questões. / For decades, the main hypothesis in microbial ecology was that local environment would be the only mechanism structuring communities and patterns of species coexistence. However, recent studies have provided evidence that processes related to dispersion can be as important as the local environment for shaping biological communities, stimulating new debates on the classical hypothesis about the ubiquity of microorganisms. In this study, we examined the phytoplankton coexistence patterns and possible determinants of spatial variation in community composition in 9 lakes of southern Brazil. First, we use a null model analysis for tested whether the phytoplankton species show a nonrandom pattern of coexistence. We also tested whether spatial distance or environmental distance act as potential factors controlling community composition. Finally, we investigated whether local environmental variables are good predictors of species abundance. We did not observe a significant pattern of coexistence species in the within-lakes analysis, but we found a nonrandom pattern of coexistence and segregation of species across-lakes analysis, indicating that the species coexist less than expected by chance on this scale. Phytoplankton community composition showed a strong positive correlation with the environmental distance but was not correlated with the geographical distance between sites. Moreover, the variation in the abundance of species showed significant correlation with local environmental variables (water transparency, conductivity, nitrate and orthophosphate). In conclusion, our results support the view that the spatial variation of phytoplankton is best explained by the local environmental conditions. We suggest that the influences of historical and phylogenetic variables on these patterns, here not measured, be analyzed in future studies, to further elucidate these questions.

A presente dissertação estuda a relevância das padronagens como elemento compositivo no Design de Interiores contemporâneo. O campo de observação compõe-se da inter-relação entre o Design de Interiores e o Design de Superfícies, presente nos revestimentos e acabamento dos objetos. O desenvolvimento desta pesquisa teve como ponto inicial a constatação da autora, a partir da experiência profissional, da importância da padronagem na definição da identidade do ambiente e à forma intuitiva que se dá o processo de escolha desse elemento compositivo pelo profissional da área. A discussão do tema fundamenta-se teoricamente na investigação de autores como Ching e Binggeli, Gibbs, Gurgel, Rüthschilling, Lupton e Phillips, Savoir e Vilaseca, entre outros. O estudo está estruturado a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa de caráter exploratório e descritivo, utilizando as técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental, estudo de campo e estudo de caso. Com o intuito de verificar a importância das padronagens no Design de Interiores, a pesquisa tem como base conhecer a atividade de Design de Interiores, o desenvolvimento do projeto, observação de campo e estudo de caso de projeto específico. Apresenta o estado da arte do Design de Superfície sob o aspecto conceitual e compositivo no desenvolvimento das padronagens aplicadas em ambientes, por meio do estudo das “Visualidades Contemporâneas”. Na discussão dos resultados identifica a presença das padronagens no campo da pesquisa – Design de Interiores e Design de Superfície aborda os aspectos considerados na utilização da padronagem como elemento compositivo no ambiente. Conclui que a padronagem é um elemento compositivo relevante na construção da identidade do ambiente. Evidencia a presença do Design de Superfície no desenvolvimento das padronagens observando os aspectos técnicos e conceituais aplicados aos revestimentos identificados em ambientes contemporâneos. Destaca a crescente e expressiva a utilização das padronagens, sendo quase impossível presenciar uma superfície sem tratamento. / This dissertation examines the relevance of patterns as a compositional element in contemporary interior design. The field of observation consists on the inter-relationship between interior and surface design, present in the coatings and finishing of objects. The development of this research has as starting point the acknowledgement from the author, based on her experience, of the importance of the participation of patterning in defining the identity of the environment in contrast to the intuitive way of choosing this compositional element made by the professional of the area. The discussion of the topic is based on theoretical research of authors such as Ching and Binggeli, Gibbs, Gurgel, Rüthschilling, Lupton and Phillips, Savoir and Vilaseca, among others. The study is structured on a qualitative exploratory and descriptive approach in order to find indicators, taking advantage of the techniques of the bibliographical research, as well as a field and a case study. In order to verify the importance of patterns in Interior Design, the search is based on known activity of Interior Design, design development, field observation and case study of a specific project. Displays the state of the art design area under the aspect of conceptual and compositional patterns in the development of applied indoors, through the study of "contemporary visuality". In discussing the results of the study identifies the presence of patterns in research - Interior Design and Surface Design and observes the aspects considered in the use of pattern as a compositional element in the environment. It comes to the conclusion that the pattern is a relevant compositional element in constructing the identity of the environment. The work highlights the surface design in the development of patterns when it observes the technical and conceptual aspects applied to the identified coatings in contemporary environments. The use of patterns is significant and growing in the field, being almost impossible to see a surface without it.

Processos cognitivos e comportamentais são altamente adaptativos e possibilitam ao ser humano construir e apreender significados em diferentes contextos. Os sistemas self~outro e self~blog configuram o self enquanto informação dinâmica, emergente e significativa em diferentes níveis e contextos. As dinâmicas de coordenação desses dois sistemas são investigadas nos três estudos que formam a Tese. No Estudo 1 focaliza-se um self neural. Os microestados cerebrais presentes durante uma tarefa social são categorizados segundo comportamentos emergentes do sistema self~outro, e neuromarcadores relativos a funções do self são elucidados. Nos Estudos 2 e 3 examina-se um self social. O conteúdo escrito em blogs é analisado enquanto estado (Estudo 2) e processo (Estudo 3) emergente do sistema self~blog. Os resultados demonstram que a aplicação de conceitos de dinâmicas de coordenação viabiliza a aquisição de novos conhecimentos acerca do self através da investigação de relações entre diferentes níveis. No nível das coordenações neurais, foram especificados neuromarcadores de comportamento voltado para si, achados que podem influenciar investigações e intervenções relativas a psicopatologias (ex., autismo, esquizofrenia e depressão). No nível da coordenação social self~blog foram encontrados padrões expressivos que medeiam a expressão escrita da emergência de inovação do self. Focalizando os padrões longitudinais de blogs, foi encontrada uma tendência de expressão de auto-narrativas antes dos textos de inovação do self, e de monitoramento após as mudanças dialógicas provocadas pela inovação do self. Os estudos sociais evidenciaram que o uso de blogs pode amplificar capacidades de resolução de conflitos internos, quando os blogs são dinamicamente acoplados como dispositivos adicionais de memória. Em suma, os resultados dos estudos evidenciam a existência de padrões de interação entre auto-deliberação e auto-expressão. Evidencia-se que um delineamento sistêmico de uma natureza coordenada poderá avançar investigações acerca de selves que expressam vozes incorporadas durante diálogos funcionais realizados através de acoplamentos experienciados mediata e/ou imediatamente. / Cognitive and behavioral processes are highly adaptive and allow humans build and learn meanings in different contexts. The self~other and self~blog systems portray the self as dynamic information; which is emergent and meaningful in different levels and contexts. The coordination dynamics of both systems are investigated in the three studies that comprise this dissertation. Study 1 focuses on a neural self. Brain patterns related to a socially shared task are categorized according to emergent behaviors from a self~other system. Neuromarkers of self behavior are revealed. Studies 2 and 3 focus on a social self. Written blog contents are approached as states (Study 2) and process (Study 3) of a self~blog system. The results evidence that the coordination dynamic framework enables the acquisition of new information regarding the self though the investigation of relationships between levels. In the level of neural coordination, neuromarkers of self-behavior were specified. These dynamical patterns can influence further investigations and interventions related to psychopathologies such as autism, schizophrenia and depression. In the level of social coordination it was found that specific expressive patterns allow the emergence of self innovation in blogs. Focusing longitudinal patterns, it was found a tendency for self-narratives before self-innovation texts, and of monitoring after self-innovation. The social studies evidenced that blogging may amplify capacities of self-deliberation though a dynamical coupling between self and the blog as a detached memory device. Taken together, the overall results point towards the existence of patterns of interaction between self-deliberation and self-expression. It is evidenced that a systemic and coordinated approach may advance future research on selves that express embodied voices during functional dialogues through mediate and/or immediate couplings.

abstract: The ability of Neandertals to cope with the oscillating climate of the late Pleistocene and the extent to which these climate changes affected local Neandertal habitats remain unanswered anthropological topics of considerable scientific interest. Understanding the impact of climatic instability on Neandertals is critical for reconstructing the behaviors of our closest fossil relatives and possibly identifying factors that contributed to their extinction. My work aimed to test the hypotheses that 1) cold climates stressed Neandertal populations, and 2) that global climate changes affected local Neandertal habitats. An analysis of Neandertal butchering on Cervus elaphus, Rangifer tarandus, and Capreolus capreolus skeletal material deposited during global warm and cold phases from two French sites - Pech de l'Az&eacute; IV and Roc de Marsal - was conducted to assess the impact of climate change on butchering strategies and resource extraction. Results from a statistical analysis of surface modification on all marrow yielding long bones, including the 1st phalanx, demonstrated that specimens excavated from the cold levels at each cave have more cut marks (Wald &chi;2= 51.33, p= <0.001) and percussion marks (Wald &chi;2= 4.92, p= 0.02) than specimens from the warm levels after controlling for fragment size. These results support the hypothesis that Neandertals were nutritionally stressed during glacial cycles. The hypothesis that global climates affected local habitats was tested through radiogenic strontium isotopic reconstruction of large herbivore mobility patterns (e.g., Bison, Equus, Cervus and Rangifer), because it is known that in the northern hemisphere, mammals migrate less in warm, well-vegetated environments, but more in cold, open environments. Identifying isotopic variation in mammalian fossils enables mobility patterns to be inferred, providing an indication of whether environments at Pech de l'Az&eacute; IV and Roc de Marsal tracked global climates. Results from this study indicate that Neandertal prey species within the Dordogne Valley of France did not undertake long distance round-trip migrations in glacial or interglacial cycles, maintaining the possibility that local habitats did not change in differing climatic cycles. However, because Neandertals were nutritionally stressed the most likely conclusion is that glacial cycles decreased herbivore populations, thus stressing Neandertals. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Anthropology 2012