Bakgrund och problemdiskussion: Begreppet effektivitet har blivit ett allt större fokus inom verksamhetsstyrningen och idag letar företag efter det bästa sättet att genomföra processer på. En process som företag idag lägger stora resurser på är hanteringen av leverantörsfakturor där det tack vare IT:s utveckling finns stora möjligheter till effektivisering. I kontrast med strävan att effektivisera denna process står de resurskrävande kontrollaktiviteter som behövs för att upprätthålla en kvalitativ hantering. Syfte: Denna studie syftar till skapa en förståelse för processen avseende hanteringen av leverantörsfakturor på Södra för att komma med förslag på hur processen kan göras mer effektiv i förhållande till de interna kontrollaktiviteter företaget har. Metod: Uppsatsen är en fallstudie på processen för leverantörsfaktura hanteringen på Södra. Det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom intervjuer med chefen för Leverantörscenter, chefen för Servicecenter samt ekonomiassistenter som arbetar inom och med processen. Författarna har även tagit del av organisationsdokument som har tillhandahållits av fallföretaget. Slutsatser: Det har identifierats att det finns icke-värdeskapande aktiviteter i processen som går att minimera eller eliminera. Ett urval av dessa aktiviteter är hantering av pappersfakturor, hantering av vilda fakturor och manuell matchning av orderfakturor mot inköpsorders / Background and Problem Discussion: In recent times the term efficiency has become a dominating discussion topic within the management control field and most companies today actively look for ways improve processes. The management of Accounts Payable is one such process that many companies experience claim more resources than necessary. With today’s IT solutions however there are ways to streamline this process making it more efficient. Although there are possibilities to streamline and improve the Accounts Payable process there is still a need for internal control activities to ensure that this process is executed with high quality. Purpose: This thesis aims to create a detailed understanding of the accounts payable operation of the Swedish company Södra Skogsägarna Ekonomisk Förening and contributes with proposals of how this process can be made more efficient with regards to the internal control activities that characterizes this process. Method: This thesis is a case study of the accounts payable of Södra Skogsägarna Ekonomisk Förening. The empirical material has been acquired through interviews with the managers of the accounts payable department and the servicecenter responsible for this process. Interviews have also been conducted with accounting assistants working within the accounts payable process. The authors have also had access to organizational documents provided by the case company. Conclusion: Non-value adding activities that are possible to reduce or eliminate have been identified within the process. A selection of these activities include the handling of 6 physical paper invoices, handling of so called “wild invoices” and the manual work of matching order invoices against their corresponding purchase orders.

The main task of this thesis is to describe wage area in the accountancy and in the external audit. The theoretical part of this thesis deals in particular with the legal regulations in the area of the audit, wage accounting and accounts payable (wages) and accounts receivable. The practical part represents auditing procedures and examples from real company.

Šiame darbe nagrinėjamos aktualios mūsų šalyje saugaus donorinio kraujo ir kraujo produktų surinkimo problemos. Per kraujo perpylimą plintančios ligos yra didžiausia kraujo tarnybų problema visame pasaulyje. Ši problema yra tiesiogiai proporcinga kraujo donorų bendruomenėje paplitusioms infekcijoms. Atsižvelgiant į pagrindinius saugaus kraujo užtikrinimo kriterijus darbe rekomenduojamos konkrečios galimos priemonės infekcinių ligų prevencijai. Darbo tikslas: Palyginti ir įvertinti infekcinių ligų žymenų paplitimą tarp atlygintinų ir neatlygintinų kraujo donorų. Darbe keliami uždaviniai yra šie: išsiaiškinti motyvaciją kraujo donorų tarpe; išsiaiškinti infekcinių ligų ��ymenų paplitimą tarp atlygintinų ir neatlygintinų kraujo donorų; pasiūlyti galimas priemones infekcinių ligų plitimo prevencijai kraujo donorų tarpe. Tyrimas buvo atliktas 2007 metų liepos – rugpjūčio mėnesiais viešojoje įstaigoje Nacionalinis kraujo centras, atsitiktinai pasirenkant 500 respondentų - kraujo donorų - imtį. Metodikos tinkamumui įsitikinti, tyrimui buvo sudaryta anketa – klausimynas. Statistinė gautų duomenų analizė buvo atliekama personaliniu kompiuteriu, panaudojant statistinės analizės SPSS programinį paketą versija “16.0” ir statistinę programą “5.0”. Statistinių duomenų reikšmingumas buvo įvertintas pagal χ2 kriterijų. Skirtumai tarp atitinkamų rodiklių laikomi reikšmingais, kai klaidos tikimybė p≤0,05 (kai p>0,05 – rezultatų skirtumai statistiškai nereikšmingi). Tyrimo metu nustatyta, kad... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This study analyses the safety of blood and blood products, which is the global problem, particularly, problematic in our country. The diseases spreading through blood transfusion is the biggest problem of Blood Transfusion Services in the world. The problem is directly proportionate to the prevalence of infection markers among blood donors. Taking into consideration the criteria of safe blood assurance definite possible measures are recommended to prevent the spread of infection diseases. The aim of the study is to compare and assess infection markers prevalence among payable and non-remunerated donors. The objectives of this study are the following: to determine donors motivation, viral infections prevalence among payable and non-remunerated donors, to give recommendations for the prevention of infection markers prevalence in the donors community. Methods. The study has been accomplished during July – August 2007 in the National Blood Centre, randomly choosing 500 respondents – the donors of blood. To evaluate the appropriation of the method a questionnaire was introduced. The statistical analysis of the results was made by personal computer using SPSS programme package version 16.0 and the statistical programme 5.0. The significance of the statistical data was evaluated according χ² criteria. The difference between the indicators is statistically significant when the error probability is p ≤ 0. Results. Non-remunerated donor is the only way to sustainable donorship, and... [to full text]

The purpose of this project is to design, build, and implement an information retrieval database system for the Accounting Department at CSUSB. The database will focus on the financial details of the student accounts maintained by the accounting personnel. It offers detailed information pertinent to tuition, parking, housing, boarding, etc.

Manual invoice processing is a time-consuming and error prone task which has proven to be done more efficiently by introducing automation software that minimizes the need for human input. Amazon Textract is a software as a service provided by Amazon Web Services for that purpose. It has been developed to extract document data from both general and financial documents, such as receipts and invoices, by using machine learning models. The service is available in multiple widely spoken languages, but not in Swedish as of the time of writing this thesis. This thesis explores the potential and accuracy of Amazon Textract in extracting data from Swedish invoices by using the English setting. Specifically, the accuracy of extracting line items as well as Swedish letters are examined. In addition, the potential of correcting incorrectly extracted data is explored. This is achieved by testing certain defined categories on each invoice by comparing the Amazon Textract extractions with the correct labeled data. These categories include emptiness, meaning no data was extracted, equality, missing and added line items, as well as missing and added characters that have been added or removed from otherwise correct line item strings. The invoices themselves are divided into two categories, namely structured and semi-structured invoices. The tests are mainly conducted on the service’s dedicated API method for data extraction of financial documents, but a comparison with the table extraction API method is also made to gain more insight in Amazon Textract’s capability.  The results suggest that Amazon Textract is quite inaccurate when extracting line item data from Swedish invoices. Therefore, manual post processing of the data is generally needed to ensure its correctness. However, it showed better results in extracting data from structured invoices, where it scored 70% in equality and 100% in 2 out of 6 invoice layouts. The Swedish character accuracy was 66%.

Выпускная квалификационная работа (магистерская диссертация) посвящена исследованию управления дебиторской задолженностью на предприятии. Предметом исследования выступают экономические отношения, возникающие в процессе возникающие в процессе управления дебиторской задолженностью на предприятии. Основной целью магистерской диссертации является изучение теоретических аспектов и анализ эффективности методов управления дебиторской задолженностью на предприятии АО «Уралтрансмаш» на этой основе выявление проблем и разработка мероприятий, направленных непосредственно на их решения. В заключении обозначены рекомендации по совершенствованию управления дебиторской задолженностью для объекта исследования. / Final qualifying work (master's thesis) is devoted to the study of accounts receivable management in the enterprise. The subject of the study are the economic relations arising in the process arising in the management of accounts receivable in the enterprise. The main purpose of the master's thesis is to study the theoretical aspects and analysis of the effectiveness of methods of accounts receivable management at the enterprise of JSC "Uraltransmash" on this basis to identify problems and develop measures aimed directly at their solutions. In conclusion, the recommendations for improving the management of accounts receivable for the object of study.

Выпускная квалификационная работа (магистерская диссертация) посвящена исследованию управления дебиторской задолженностью на предприятии. Предметом исследования выступают экономические отношения, возникающие в процессе возникающие в процессе управления дебиторской задолженностью на предприятии. Основной целью магистерской диссертации является изучение теоретических аспектов и анализ эффективности методов управления дебиторской задолженностью на предприятии ООО «Концепт45» и на этой основе выявление проблем и разработка мероприятий, направленных непосредственно на их решение. В заключении обозначены рекомендации по совершенствованию управления дебиторской задолженностью для объекта исследования. / Final qualifying work (master's thesis) is devoted to the study of accounts receivable management in the enterprise. The subject of the research is the economic relations arising in the process arising in the process of managing accounts receivable at the enterprise. The main purpose of the master's thesis is to study the theoretical aspects and analyze the effectiveness of methods for managing accounts receivable at the company "Concept45" and on this basis, identifying problems and developing measures aimed directly at solving them. The conclusion contains recommendations for improving the management of accounts receivable for the object of research.

This final thesis deals with accounting and taxes in terms of consideration and assessment of mutual linkage between these two systems. On the basis of historical development analysis it has been carried out an assessment of the impact of taxation on the fair accounting view. The thesis also includes section concerning transformation of operating profit on tax base for corporate income tax through cleaning of tax revenues and excluding of non-deductible expenses. An integral part of the thesis covers topic of institute of deferred tax, reasons for its creation, calculation and billing. An practical example illustrating given procedures is a part of the closing section.

This diploma thesis deals with the corporate income tax. At first there are explained adjustments of accounting profit in the procedure defining the tax base, the most important part of which relates to tax deductible and non-deductible expenses. Subsequently there is defined how to determine the amount of payable tax and how to report this tax in financial statements. There is also mentioned the impact of payable tax on the disposable profit. The hypothesis, that in most cases the payable income tax is higher than the product of accounting profit before tax and tax rate, is tested in the concluding part of this thesis.

Denna studies syfte var att analysera sex nyckeltal och se vilka samband dessa hade på riskbuffert sysselsatt kapital. Studien utfördes på 796 små byggbolag i Sverige under perioden 2009–2016 med hjälp av en binär logistisk regressionsanalys. Som teoretisk referensram användes working capital management och finansiell oro. Studien resulterade i att kapitalets omsättningshastighet, skuldränta och rörelsekapital/totala tillgångar uppvisade signifikanta negativa samband med riskbuffert sysselsatt kapital. Räntetäckningsgrad och avkastning på totalt kapital resulterade i signifikanta positiva samband med riskbuffert sysselsatt kapital. Skuldsättningsgrad resulterade intressant nog i ett icke signifikant negativt samband. Slutligendiskuterades byggbolagens sannolikhet för finansiell oro utifrån respektive nyckeltal. / The aim of this study was to examine the relation between six independent key ratios with riskbuffer on capital employed. The study was conducted on 796 small construction enterprises in Sweden during 2009–2016 with a binary logistic regression model. As theoretical framework, working capital management and financial distress was applied. The study concluded that the capital turnover rate, interest payable and working capital to total assets had significant negative relations with riskbuffer on capital employed. However, the interest cover ratio and return on total assets were both significant positively related withriskbuffer on capital employed. Debt-to-equity ratio resulted interestly enough in a nonsignificant negative relation. Lastly, with regards taken to every respective key ratio, the probability of financial distress among the construction firms was discussed.