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Qualidade de Produto de Software: uma abordagem baseada no controle da complexidade / Software product quality: an approach based on complexity controlMarcelo Criscuolo 01 April 2008 (has links)
É rara a preocupação com a qualidade de implementação de software. Pode-se observar que as estruturas internas dos softwares são freqüentemente complexas e desorganizadas, especialmente no caso dos softwares que são ditos orientados a objetos. Essa complexidade afeta diretamente a manutenibilidade e a susceptibilidade a erros, dificultando a alteração e a adição de novas funcionalidades aos softwares. As próprias alterações, inerentes aos softwares, os tornam mais complexos, o que agrava o problema. Neste contexto, acredita-se que o controle da complexidade pode levar a produtos de software de melhor qualidade. Assim, trata-se neste trabalho da manutenção preventiva, implementada por meio de inspeções, refatorações e análise de métricas. São estudadas falhas de manutenibilidade em uma amostra de programas orientados a objetos e, a partir dos resultados, são propostos artefatos de apoio para um processo de inspeção de software e modelos para os produtos de trabalho gerados nesse processo. Propõe-se o uso da técnica de leitura PBR (Leitura Baseada em Perspectivas) como uma maneira de se melhorar a detecção de falhas de manutenibilidade. Finalmente, a proposta deste trabalho foi validada por meio de um estudo de caso / The commitment with the quality of software implemetation is rare. It\'s possible to observe that the software internal structures are frequently complex and disorganized, especially when talking about software that is said to be object-oriented. This complexity directly affects maintainability and error proneness, making it difficult to change and to add new functionalities to software. Changes themselves, that are inherent in software, make it more complex, and that makes the problem more serious. In this context, it\'s believed that the control of complexity can lead to better quality software products. Thus, the subject of this work is the preventive maintenance, implemented by means of inspections, refactoring and metric analysis. Maintenance flaws were studied in a sample of object-oriented programs and, based on the results, support artifacts for an inspection process were proposed, along with models of work products for this process. The use of PBR (Perspective-Based Reading) technique is proposed as a means of improving the detection of maintenance flaws. Finally, the proposal of this work is validated through a case study
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Production et caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle de la protéine membranaire recombinante TSPO / Production and structural and functional characterization of recombinant membrane protein TSPOIatmanen, Soria 24 September 2014 (has links)
La TSPO préalablement connue sous le nom de récepteur périphérique aux benzodiazépines (PBR), est une protéine membranaire principalement impliquée dans le transport du cholestérol du cytosol vers la matrice des mitochondries, étape limitante dans la synthèse des stéroïdes et des sels biliaires.La production de la forme murine de la TSPO recombinante a été réalisée par un plasmide exprimé dans la bactérie Escherichia coli. La purification a été obtenue par colonne d'affinité grâce à l'étiquette polyhistidine codée dans le gène recombinant. Différents environnements mimétiques membranaires, détergents, lysodérivés, lipides ont été testés d'un point de vue structural et fonctionnel. Parmi les détergents étudiés, la dodécyl phosphocholine (DPC) a permis le meilleur repliement de la protéine. L'ajout de lysodérivés (LMPE) ou de phospholipides (DMPC/DMPE) a permis d'accroître la stabilité. La liaison des ligands spécifiques de la TSPO (PK 11195, cholestérol, protoporphyrine IX) a été observée dans plusieurs conditions étudiées par différentes approches biophysiques et biochimiques. Les trois approches structurales (ME, RX et RMN) ont pu être réalisées après optimisation des conditions de production et de stabilisation. Les résultats obtenus sont discutés en lien avec la structure de la TSPO publiée ces derniers mois. En parallèle à l'étude structurale, des mesures fonctionnelles par mutagenèse dirigée ont été réalisées afin d'obtenir des informations sur la liaison du ligand PK 11195. Ces données ont été confrontées à la structure récemment déterminée permettant de proposer un rôle pour les résidus mutés. Le mécanisme de transport du cholestérol par la TSPO est discuté. / TSPO previously named peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) is a membrane protein mostly involved in cholesterol transport from the cytosol to the matrix of mitochondria, a limiting step in steroids and bile salts biosynthesis.Production of recombinant mouse TSPO has been performed by plasmid expression in Escherichia coli bacteria. Purification has been obtained by immobilized affinity chromatography (IMAC) using polyhistidine tag encoded by recombinant gene. Various membranous mimetic environments such as detergents, lysoderivates, lipids have been tested from structural and functional point of view. Among tested detergents, dodecyl phosphocholine (DPC) has permitted the best protein refolding. The presence of lysoderivate (LMPE) or phospholipids (DMPC/DMPE) increased protein stability. Binding of TSPO high affinity ligands (PK 11195, cholesterol, protoporphyrin IX) has been measured in different conditions studied by biochemical and biophysical techniques. Three structural approaches (EM, XR and NMR) have been performed after optimization of production conditions and protein stabilization. Results gained have been discussed in line with TSPO atomic structure published within these last months. In parallel with structural studies, functional measurements have been carried out by site directed mutagenesis in order to gain data on binding site of PK 11195. These data have been faced with recently published TSPO atomic structure stabilized with this ligand and enabled to propose functional implication of mutated amino acids. Transport mechanism of cholesterol by TSPO is discussed.
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The Correction of Pebble Bed Reactor Nodal Cross Sections for the Effects of Leakage and Depletion HistoryHudson, Nathanael Harrison 19 May 2006 (has links)
An accurate and computationally fast method to generate nodal cross sections for the Pebble Bed Reactor (PBR) was presented. In this method, named Spectral History Correction (SHC), a set of fine group microscopic cross section libraries, pre-computed at specified depletion and moderation states, was coupled with the nodal nuclide densities and group bucklings to compute the new fine group spectrum for each node. The relevant fine group cross-section library was then recollapsed to the local broad group cross-section structure with this new fine group spectrum. This library set was tracked in terms of fuel isotopic densities. Fine group modulation factors (to correct the homogeneous flux for heterogeneous effects) and fission spectra were also stored with the cross section library.
As the PBR simulation converges to a steady state fuel cycle, the initial nodal cross section library becomes inaccurate due to the burnup of the fuel and the neutron leakage into and out of the node. Because of the recirculation of discharged fuel pebbles with fresh fuel pebbles, a node can consist of a collection of pebbles at various burnup stages. To account for the nodal burnup, the microscopic cross sections were combined with nodal averaged atom densities to approximate the fine group macroscopic cross-sections for that node. These constructed, homogeneous macroscopic cross sections within the node were used to calculate a numerical solution for the fine group spectrum with B1 theory. This new fine spectrum was used to collapse the pre-computed microscopic cross section library to the broad group structure employed by the fuel cycle code. This SHC technique was developed and practically implemented as a subroutine within the PBR fuel cycle code PEBBED. The SHC subroutine was called to recalculate the broad group cross sections during the code convergence. The result was a fast method that compared favorably to the benchmark scheme of cross section calculation with the lattice cross-section generator for two PBR reactor designs.
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Massively parallel nearest neighbors searches in dynamic point clouds on GPUJosé Silva Leite, Pedro 31 January 2010 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2010 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Esta dissertação introduz uma estrutura de dados baseada em gride implementada em GPU. Ela foi desenvolvida para pesquisa dos vizinhos mais próximos em nuvens de pontos dinâmicas, de uma forma massivamente paralela. A implementação possui desempenho em tempo real e é executada em GPU, ambas construção do gride e pesquisas dos vizinhos mais próximos (exatos e aproximados). Dessa forma, a transferência de memória entre sistema e dispositivo é minimizada, aumentando o desempenho de uma forma geral. O algoritmo proposto pode ser usado em diferentes aplicações com cenários estáticos ou dinâmicos. Além disso, a estrutura de dados suporta nuvens de pontos tridimensionais e dada sua natureza dinâmica, o usuário pode mudar seus parâmetros em tempo de execução. O mesmo se aplica ao número de vizinhos pesquisados. Uma referência em CPU foi implementada e comparações de desempenho justificam o uso de GPUs como processadores massivamente paralelos. Em adição, o desempenho da estrutura de dados proposta é comparada com implementações em CPU e GPU de trabalhos anteriores. Finalmente, uma aplicação de renderização baseada em pontos foi desenvolvida de forma a verificar o potencial da estrutura de dados
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Grafické intro 64kB s použitím OpenGL / Graphics Intro 64kB Using OpenGLOlexa, Jan January 2019 (has links)
The goal of this thesis is to create a graphics intro using the OpenGL library, where the maximal size of the executable is 64 kB. The program is written in C++ language and uses OpenGL version 4.6.
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Creating an Appealing 3D-visualization Tool for Baseboards in the Web BrowserBergman, Lars January 2020 (has links)
Today a lot of libraries, tools and techniques exist to create visual appealing renders for the web. In this thesis, a prototype for visualizing baseboards in the web browser was developed. The prototype demonstrates how certain libraries and techniques were used in order to achieve a generalized, appealing and realistic visualization of the baseboards in a 3D-visualization. This paper also covers why certain libraries and techniques were used for this prototype. The resulting prototype, use Three.js and takes advantage of PBR, different mapping methods and lighting sources that can be changed during runtime through a GUI. To get results on different aspects, such as the visual appeal, how realistic, and what lighting sources worked best for the prototype, a web-survey was sent out and the results evaluated. The evaluation showed that the usage of PBR, a roughness-metalness workflow, environment mapping, physical correct lighting and a point light solution in Three.js all made a good job in creating an appealing, generalized and realistic visualization tool for the web.
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Structure-based Optimizations for Sparse Matrix-Vector MultiplyBelgin, Mehmet 16 January 2011 (has links)
This dissertation introduces two novel techniques, OSF and PBR, to improve the performance of Sparse Matrix-vector Multiply (SMVM) kernels, which dominate the runtime of iterative solvers for systems of linear equations. SMVM computations that use sparse formats typically achieve only a small fraction of peak CPU speeds because they are memory bound due to their low flops:byte ratio, they access memory irregularly, and exhibit poor ILP due to inefficient pipelining. We particularly focus on improving the flops:byte ratio, which is the main limiter on performance, by exploiting recurring structures or sub-structures in matrices. Our techniques also support micro-architecture level optimizations to further improve performance.
Operation Stacking Framework (OSF) stacks problems in large ensemble computations, which run the same sparse kernel using an identical matrix structure, such that they share a single copy of the indexing information to significantly reduce memory bandwidth usage. OSF provides performance improvements of up to 1.94x on an AMD Opteron compared to the CSR method. We validate performance results using hardware event counters, which demonstrate significantly improved cache and pipeline utilization.
Pattern-based Representation (PBR) exploits recurring block nonzero patterns by generating custom code for each recurring block pattern. In this way, no indexing data for individual nonzero elements are read from memory, reducing the overall size of the indices by up to 98%. Our code generator emits highly tuned codes that utilize SSE vectorization and software prefetching. PBR accurately identifies a block size that achieves optimal or near-optimal performance using a linear multiple regression performance model. On recent multicore machines, PBR provides performance improvements of up to 3.4x sequentially and 5x in parallel, compared to the CSR method. The PBR library we provide converts matrices at runtime, allowing our method to be used as a drop-in replacement for existing methods. We compare PBR's overhead relative to its benefits and show that PBR is beneficial for many applications that repetitively call the SMVM kernel for the same matrix structure. / Ph. D.
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Der Effekt des Alterns auf funktionelle Deaktivierung im somatosensorischen System / Eine fMRT-Studie / Effects of age on functional deactivation in the somatosensory system / fMRI studySohns, Jan Martin 09 December 2009 (has links)
No description available.
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Operación, reparación y mantenimiento de tarjetas de Centrales TelefónicasGonzales Cisneros, Cesar Ivan January 2010 (has links)
This report presents an exhibition all steps taken to implement a Laboratory of Plant Repairs
Phone Cards. First are listed the issues that are missing from a laboratory to repair cards ATT
call center technology. And no time to meet orders and preventive maintenance improvements
and corrective. The lab is available to repair, diagnose and maintain the various cards that use
technology call centers ATT - 5ESS. Besides being the burden that has more power,
approximately 65% of full capacity at the national level. It also is taken into account the degree
of quality of repairs and improvements to be made. Taking control and labeling of the cards and
man hours worked, why are never short of supplies. Also be taken into account repair costs and
inconvenience we have with the provider. And they must take into account the backs of phone
cards have to be central in stock to operate smoothly and efficiently. At the end of this report
presents recommendations and conclusions of the achievements in implementing this laboratory
for repairs. Report called: “Operation, Repair and Maintenance of Central Telephone Cards” / Este informe expositivo presenta todos los pasos seguidos para poner en funcionamiento un
Laboratorio de Reparaciones de Tarjetas de Centrales Telefónicas. Primero se enumeran las
problemáticas que se tienen por falta de un laboratorio para reparar tarjetas de centrales
telefónicas de tecnología ATT. Y no poder atender a tiempo los pedidos y mejoras de
mantenimiento preventivo y correctivo.
Dicho laboratorio se encargara de Reparar, Diagnosticar y dar Mantenimiento a las
diferentes tarjetas que usan las Centrales Telefónicas de tecnología ATT - 5ESS. Además de ser
la que tiene más carga de centrales, aproximadamente el 65% de toda su capacidad a nivel
nacional. .Así mismo se tomara en cuenta el grado de calidad de las reparaciones y las mejoras a
hacerse .Llevando un control y etiquetado de las tarjetas y horas hombre trabajadas, para qué
nunca estén desabastecidas. Además se tomará en cuenta los costos de reparación y los
inconvenientes que se tienen con el proveedor. Y se debe tener en cuenta los respaldos de tarjetas
telefónicas de centrales que deban de tener en almacén para operar en forma ordenada y
eficiente. Al final de este informe se presentan recomendaciones y conclusiones de lo realizado
en la implementación de este laboratorio de Reparaciones. Informe que denominamos:
“Operación, Reparación y Mantenimiento de Tarjetas de Centrales Telefónicas”
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ÉTUDE DES EFFETS DE L'EXTRAIT DE CARTILAGE DE REQUIN ET DU TLN-4601 SUR LE GLIOBLASTOME CHEZ LA SOURIS GRÂCE AUX TECHNOLOGIES TRANSCRIPTOMIQUES ET PROTEOMIQUESSimard, Bryan 24 November 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Le glioblastome représente le grade le plus élevé des tumeurs cérébrales. Sa croissance est favorisée par une forte néovascularisation de même que par l'activation de la voie du récepteur à l'EGFR-Ras. La première partie montre l'effet antiangiogénique et antitumoral de l'extrait de cartilage dans plusieurs modèles de glioblastome chez la souris. L'étude du transcriptôme des cellules endothéliales a permise de proposer des mécanismes d'actions. Il a été proposé que l'extrait de cartilage induise la sécrétion de cytokines, qui entraînent la génération de dérivés réactifs de l'oxygène. Ceux-ci entraîneraient l'activation du NFkB qui induirait l'expression d'un premier réseau de gènes impliqués dans l'inflammation de l'endothélium en croissance. La co-administration de corticoïdes pour réduire l'œdème tumoral a d'ailleurs entraîné une perte de l'efficacité in vivo et serait donc à proscrire en clinique. L'extrait de cartilage a également surexprimés un second réseau de gènes impliqués dans la protéolyse de la matrice, nécessaire à la stabilisation du tube vasculaire. Le rôle essentiel joué par l'activateur tissulaire du plasminogène (tPA) a été démontré par une étude fonctionnelle complète du système fibrinolytique in vivo. Enfin, la formation d'œdème tumoral, causé par ce système, a pu être contrôlée grâce à un co-traitement au N-actétylcystéine, ce qui a augmenté significativement la survie dans le modèle de glioblastome intracérébral chez la souris. Ce co-traitement serait recommandé pour des essais cliniques. La seconde partie montre que l'effet du TLN-4601 dépend d'une exposition chronique, ce qui a permis d'orienter le régime thérapeutique lors des essais cliniques. Il a été montré que ce dibenzodiazépines farnésylé, pouvait agir sur le récepteur périphérique des benzodiazépines (PBR) et les messagers farnésylés tel que Ras, Raf et Rho, dans la voie de l'EGFR. L'accumulation du composé dans les tumeurs, les effets sur la stéroïdogénèse et la dépolarisation de la mitochondrie, seraient attribuables au PBR. L'induction de tout un réseau de gènes responsables du catabolisme du glycérol et de la beta oxydation des acides gras, enlèverait les substrats nécessaires à la synthèse des phospholipides membranaires et la croissance des cellules tumorales. Ce changement métabolique, pourrait découler de l'inhibition d'Akt en aval de Ras. C'est pourquoi, les patients présentant les mutations de MDM2, p53 et PTEN, fréquemment rencontrées dans les GBM, ne seraient en théorie pas de bons candidats, car elles sont capables d'activer la voie de RAS en aval de l'effet du TLN. En revanche, la surexpression du PBR serait tout à fait souhaitable.
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