ISIS es una placa madre industrial desarrollada en Chile por Continental Lensa S.A orientada al soporte de SoPCs (Systems on a Programmable Chip) sobre un dispositivo FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), integrado con una serie de periféricos on-board. La capacidad de soportar SoPCs basados en el procesador Nios II y el sistema operativo uClinux, en conjunto con diversos núcleos de hardware de propiedad intelectual o IP cores, abre un universo de aplicaciones que abarca desde el control de sistemas, procesamiento digital de señales, y sistemas de radio y televisión digital. ISIS incorpora un conector PMC (PCI Mezzanine Card), que corresponde a una especificación mecánica para sistemas PCI de montaje paralelo y tamaño pequeño, contrario al estándar PCI convencional donde las tarjetas se montan en forma perpendicular. Sin embargo, no es posible controlar dispositivos PCI con la plataforma ISIS sin un adecuado soporte de hardware y software que provea una interfaz de bus acorde a los requerimientos del estándar PCI. El presente trabajo otorga a la plataforma ISIS soporte para conectividad con dispositivos PCI 3.3V 32 bit @ 33 MHz. El trabajo aporta la implementación de un chipset PCI embebido en el dispositivo FPGA, el soporte de software para operación con el sistema operativo uClinux, y una aplicación para control y diagnóstico del hardware. Además, se aporta un nuevo hardware que brinda una solución a la incompatibilidad entre los complejos estándares mecánicos PCI Mezzanine Card y PCI convencional de PC. Uno de los aportes es la implementación del IP core de libre distribución PCI Bridge de Opencores con interfaz de bus Wishbone, en un SoPC con arquitectura de comunicación nativa Avalon System Interconnect Fabric, lo que requiere implementar lógica de adaptación entre dos estándares de interconexión SoC incompatibles. Además, los requerimientos del sistema exigen que el IP core PCI Bridge sea implementado en modo Host, estando disponible solamente con pruebas de operación en modo Guest, lo que implica el desafío de implementar funcionalidades que no cuentan con un proceso de validación. También se desarrolla una capa de software que comunica el hardware PCI con el kernel de Linux, y un programa que permite el control y diagnóstico de los dispositivos presentes en el bus. El presente trabajo se integra como parte fundamental del equipo de radiodifusión digital de tercera generación GSD-21 Exgine. El núcleo de hardware del equipo lo constituye la plataforma ISIS integrada con el dispositivo PCI DUC-II (Next Generation Digital Up Converter), por medio de los sistemas de hardware y software desarrollados. Se obtiene una tasa de transferencia promedio de 14,5 MByte/s para transferencias PCI usando DMA, y una tasa de error de bus igual a cero para 24 horas de operación sin interrupciones del equipo GSD-21.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

The aim of this master’s thesis is a design and a realization of an interface device for various aircraft buses. The work shows the issue of Aircraft Interface Device and describes the most used types of avionics buses. It deals with the theoretical design of the PCI/104–Express module and is using modularity for maximum configurability of the device. The work also brings the selection of appropriate components and their use in design. The last part describes a firmware architecture.

A injeção de carvão pulverizado na região das ventaneiras dos altos-fornos (Pulverized Coal Injection – PCI) é uma tecnologia amplamente praticada em altos-fornos com o objetivo de substituir parte do coque empregado por carvões não-coqueificáveis. O carvão injetado fornece energia e gases redutores para o processo de fabricação do gusa, além de contribuir para a redução da emissão de gases poluentes devido à menor produção de coque. Atualmente todo o carvão injetado em altos-fornos brasileiros é importado. O país possui grandes reservas de carvão, porém este carvão necessita passar por processos de beneficiamento para redução dos teores de matéria mineral e enxofre. A flexibilidade do processo PCI permite a utilização de ampla gama de carvões não-coqueificáveis, o que abre a possibilidade para utilização de carvão brasileiro. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar propriedades de carvão brasileiro beneficiado com teor de cinzas de 18,9% para injeção em altos-fornos. O estudo foi conduzido através de ensaios de combustão empregando um moderno simulador de PCI projetado e desenvolvido pelo Laboratório de Siderurgia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (LaSid) e também uma termobalança de modo a ser possível traçar um comparativo entre ambos os equipamentos. Além do carvão brasileiro, de baixo rank, foram utilizados dois carvões importados já em uso para injeção, um de alto e um de baixo rank. A combustibilidade (ou eficiência de combustão) em simulador de PCI foi avaliada pela conversão (burnout), calculada pelo método ash tracer, um balanço de massa entre a quantidade de cinzas que entra e sai do reator. Em termobalança o parâmetro adotado foi a temperatura de pico, correspondente à taxa máxima de reação. Fez-se também a avaliação da reatividade ao CO2 dos chars gerados em simulador de PCI, visto que o char ao deixar a zona de combustão passa por uma zona rica neste gás. Análise estatística revelou que a técnica adotada de burnout mostrou-se bastante eficiente para diferenciar carvões de teores de matéria volátil distintos, porém não no caso de carvões com teores de matéria volátil similares. No simulador de PCI a influência da matéria volátil do carvão foi mais pronunciada do que o rank e em termobalança o rank teve mais efeito sobre a combustibilidade do que a matéria volátil. O carvão brasileiro apresentou propriedades comparáveis às do carvão importado de baixo rank utilizado para PCI. Isto representa uma grande vantagem, visto que possibilitaria a utilização do mesmo na siderurgia. / Pulverized coal injection through blast furnace tuyeres (PCI) is a widely practiced technology in blast furnaces to replace part of coke by non-coking coal. Injected coal provides energy and reducing gases for pig iron production process, as well as contributes to reducing pollutants gases emission due to coke saving. Currently all coal injected into Brazilian blast furnaces is imported. The country has large reserves of coal, but this coal needs to undergo beneficiation to reduce mineral matter and sulfur contents. PCI process flexibility allows the employment of a wide range of non-coking coals, which opens the possibility to use Brazilian coal. This work aimed to evaluate properties of Brazilian coal benefited with 18.9% ash content for injection into blast furnaces. The study was conducted through combustion tests employing a modern PCI test rig designed and developed by the Iron and Steelmaking Laboratory (LaSid) of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) and also a thermobalance in order to draw a comparison between both equipments. In addition to low rank Brazilian coal, two imported coals which are already used for injection were used, one high and one low rank. The combustibility (or combustion efficiency) in a PCI test rig was evaluated by burnout, calculated by the ash tracer method, a mass balance between the amount of ash that enters and leaves the reactor. Peak temperature was the parameter adopted to evaluate combustibility in thermobalance, corresponding to the maximum rate of reaction. It was also evaluated the CO2 reactivity of chars generated in the PCI test rig, since char leaving the combustion zone passes through a CO2 rich area. Statistical analysis revealed that burnout technique proved to be efficient enough to differentiate coals with different volatile matter contents, but not in the case of coals with similar volatile matter contents. In PCI test rig the influence of volatile matter was more pronunced than rank and in thermobalance rank had more effect on combustibility than volatile matter. Brazilian coal showed properties comparable to the ones of imported low rank coal already in use for PCI. This is a great advantage, since it would make it possible to use it in ironmaking.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender o fenÃmeno da corrupÃÃo polÃtica no Brasil. Inicialmente, traÃo os elementos que caracterizam essas prÃticas, discutindo as causas e consequÃncias do comportamento corrupto para a democracia, tomando como referÃncia as anÃlises internacionais e os principais estudos brasileiros sobre o tema. Em seguida, analiso o papel das comissÃes parlamentares de inquÃrito (CPIs), ressaltando seus maiores desafios e crÃticas, os discursos sobre corrupÃÃo na arena parlamentar e a relaÃÃo com o campo jornalÃstico. Partindo de matÃrias produzidas pela imprensa e, principalmente, do RelatÃrio Final elaborado pela CPMI dos Correios, que investigou nos anos de 2005 e 2006 o famoso escÃndalo do âmensalÃoâ, elaboro uma anÃlise sobre a relaÃÃo entre o sistema polÃtico brasileiro e as prÃticas de corrupÃÃo, destacando os principais pontos de discussÃo no perÃodo do referido escÃndalo: a questÃo do financiamento de campanha e a complexa relaÃÃo entre partidos, empresas privadas e estatais, tratados a partir do âvaleriodutoâ e o debate sobre a formaÃÃo e manutenÃÃo das coalizÃes parlamentares, abordado atravÃs do âmensalÃoâ. Na conclusÃo, chamo atenÃÃo para algumas propostas de reforma polÃtica, trazidas à tona no momento dos trabalhos de investigaÃÃo parlamentar e a necessidade de participaÃÃo por parte da sociedade civil, pensados como mecanismos para combater a corrupÃÃo. / The research aims to understand the phenomenon of political corruption in Brazil. Initially, I trace elements that characterize these practices, discussing the causes and implications of corrupt behavior to democracy, by reference to the international analysis and the main Brazilian studies on this topic. Next, we analyze the role of parliamentary committees of inquiry (PCI), highlighting its major challenges and critical discourse on corruption in the parliamentary arena and the relationship with the journalistic field. Based on material produced by the press and especially the Final Report prepared by the JPCI of the Post Office, which in 2005 and 2006 investigated famous scandal of the "monthly allowance", an elaborate analysis of the relationship between the Brazilian political system and corrupt practices highlighting the main points of discussion during the period of this scandal: the issue of campaign finance and the complex relationship between political parties, private and state companies, treated from the "valerioduct" and the debate on the formation and maintenance of parliamentary coalitions, approached through the "monthly allowance". In conclusion, it just draws attentions to some proposals for political reform, brought to the fore at the time of research and the need for parliamentary participation by civil society, conceived as mechanisms to combat corruption.

The purpose of this study was to examine the utilization of Front of House and Back of House technology applications by U.S. restaurants across different types of restaurants along with their level of IT management style, and the importance of these technology applications to the restaurants' operations. This study used secondary data. The survey data collected from 500 randomly selected restaurant technology managers who are current subscribers of Hospitality Technology Magazine as of January 2013. Response rate was 27.2% and these sample groups represented 67,299 restaurant units. The data analysis was organized into 3 parts (descriptive, factor analysis and independent samples t-test). In the descriptive part of the data analysis, the information about respondents' job functions, company characteristics and companies' IT perspectives are evaluated. In the second part, factor analysis was used. Since the factor analysis is a data reduction technique, factor analysis is used to create correlated variable composites and to reduce variables for better interpretation. The third and final stage of the data analysis included testing hypotheses based on factor analysis outcomes by using an independent samples t-test. The main purpose of using an independent samples t-test is to determine whether position (IT versus Non-IT), types of restaurant (Chain versus Independent), business leadership and technology leadership (Innovator versus Follower) differ on the factor attributes.

The purpose of the study was to establish that a relationship existed between teacher Pupil Control Ideology (PCI) and membership of a practical subject faculty or of a humanities subject faculty in ACT government high schools. It was hypothesized that teachers in practical subject faculties and teachers of practical subjects would be custodial in their PCI. Teachers in humanities subject faculties and teachers of humanities subjects would be humanistic in their PCI. A subsidiary purpose was to replicate earlier research findings of a relationship between PCI and years of teaching, sex, position in the school administration, and type of school. The PCI Form was administered to a population sample of 116 teachers from five high schools in the Belconnen area of Canberra. The results were subjected to t-test and one-way analysis of variance. Statistically significant relationships were observed between PCI and teacher variables of subject faculty, subject taught, and sex of teacher. Earlier findings for other variables were not replicated. The direction of findings was surprising. Teachers in practical subject faculties and of practical subjects were more humanistic than humanities faculty and subject teachers. Female teachers were more custodial than male teachers. An analysis of variance showed no interaction effect between variables sex and faculty, and sex and subject taught. More research on possible causes of the relationships, such as student attitude to subject, and teacher sense of achievement, is needed before the findings can have practical application.

Reconfigurable devices are the mainstream in today’s system on chip solutions. Reconfigurable devices have the advantages of reduced cost over their equivalent custom design, quick time to market and the ability to reconfigure the design at will and ease. One such reconfigurable device is an FPGA. In this industrial thesis, the design and implementation of a control process interface using ECP2M FPGA and PCIe communication is accomplished. This control process interface is designed and implemented for a 3-D plotter system called LSC11. In this thesis, the FPGA unit implemented drives the plotter device based on specific timing requirements charted by the customer. The FPGA unit is interfaced to a Host CPU in this thesis (through PCIe communication) for controlling the LSC11 system using a custom software. All the peripherals required for the LSC11 system such as the ADC, DAC, Quadrature decoder and the PWM unit are also implemented as part of this thesis. This thesis also implements an efficient methodology to send all the inputs of the LSC11 system to the Host CPU without the necessity for issuing any cyclic read commands on the Host CPU. The RTL design is synthesised in FPGA and the system is verified for correctness and accuracy. The LSC11 system design consumed 79% of the total FPGA resources and the maximum clock frequency achieved was 130 Mhz. This thesis has been carried out at Abaxor Engineering GmbH, Germany. It is demonstrated in this thesis how FPGA aids in quick designing and implementation of system on chip solutions with PCIe communication.

Development of a PCI card for PCI bus based host systems, which allows for analysis of ATM data streams on ATM transmission links with a data rate of 622Mbit/s. Implementation and previous deliberations and therefrom and from given specifications arisen partial tasks Fields of application of the ATM-Analyzer board Depiction of particular development steps Functional description of the ATM-Analyzer Explanations on how to put the PCB and the employed test software into operation Assessment of test results / Entwicklung einer Einsteckkarte für PCI-Bus-basierte Hostsysteme zur Analyse von Datenströmen auf ATM-Übertragungsstrecken mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 622 Mbit/s. Realisierung und damit verbundene Vorüberlegungen und daraus und aus gegebenen Spezifikationen erwachsene Teilaufgaben Anwendungsgebiete der Analyzer-Karte Darstellung der einzelnen Entwicklungsschritte Funktionsbeschreibung des ATM-Analyzers Erläuterungen zur Inbetriebnahme der Leiterkarte und der verwendeten Testsoftware Bewertung der Testergebnisse

Σκοπός: Τα επιστημονικά δεδομένα για το κλινικό όφελος που μπορεί να έχει η στρατηγική καθυστέρησης της αγγειοπλαστικής των στεφανιαίων αρτηριών μετά τη χορήγηση δόσης φόρτισης κλοπιδογρέλης παραμένουν ασαφή. Συγκρίναμε σε ασθενείς με σταθερή ή ασταθή στηθάγχη, οι οποίοι δεν λάμβαναν προηγουμένως κλοπιδογρέλη, την αγγειοπλαστική που πραγματοποιείται με καθυστέρηση 2 ωρών, μετά τη στεφανιογραφία και τη χορήγηση δόσης φόρτισης κλοπιδογρέλης 900 mg, με την αγγειοπλαστική που πραγματοποιείται αμέσως μετά τον καθετηριασμό και τη λήψη των 900 mg κλοπιδογρέλης. Μέθοδοι: Στα πλαίσια τυχαιοποιημένης προοπτικής μελέτης, 199 ασθενείς υποβλήθηκαν είτε σε άμεση αγγειοπλαστική (ομάδα Α, n=103), είτε σε καθυστερημένη επέμβαση (ομάδα Β ή ομάδα προθεραπείας, n=96). Μετρήθηκαν οι βασικές τιμές, οι τιμές αμέσως πριν την αγγειοπλαστική, στις 6-8 ώρες και στις 24 ώρες μετά την επέμβαση, της καρδιακής τροπονίνης Ι (cTnI) , της κινάσης της κρεατίνης MB (CK-MB) και της μυοσφαιρίνης, οι οποίες είναι δείκτες μυοκαρδιακής νέκρωσης, καθώς και οι τιμές της υψηλής ευαισθησίας C αντιδρώσας πρωτεΐνης (hs-CRP) και της διαλυτής P-σελεκτίνης (sPS), οι οποίες είναι δείκτες φλεγμονώδους αντίδρασης και ενεργοποίησης των αιμοπεταλίων αντίστοιχα. Το σύνθετο κύριο καταληκτικό σημείο της μελέτης ήταν ο συνδυασμός καρδιαγγειακού θανάτου, περιεπεμβατικού εμφράγματος του μυοκαρδίου (ΕΜ), αγγειακού εγκεφαλικού επεισοδίου (ΑΕΕ) και επείγουσας επαναγγείωσης, εντός 30 ημερών από την αγγειοπλαστική. Ως περιεπεμβατικό ΕΜ ορίσθηκε το κλινικώς προφανές έμφραγμα και/ή η τριπλάσια της ανώτερης φυσιολογικής τιμής (ΑΦΤ) τουλάχιστον αύξηση της cTnI. Ως δευτερεύοντα καταληκτικά σημεία θεωρήθηκαν οποιαδήποτε περιεπεμβατική αύξηση της CK-MB μεγαλύτερη του τριπλασίου της ΑΦΤ, οποιαδήποτε περιεπεμβατική αύξηση των δεικτών μυοκαρδιακής νέκρωσης μεγαλύτερη της ΑΦΤ, η μη βέλτιστη ροή στο αγγείο μετά την επέμβαση (ροή κατά TIMI <3), οποιαδήποτε μείζων αιμορραγία κατά ΤΙΜΙ, η θρομβοκυττοπενία με αριθμό αιμοπεταλίων <70.000/ml και οποιαδήποτε αύξηση της hs-CRP και της sPS. Αποτελέσματα : Το σύνθετο κύριο καταληκτικό σημείο συνέβη στο 12,6% της ομάδας άμεσης αγγειοπλαστικής έναντι του 15,6% των ασθενών της ομάδας της προθεραπείας (p=0,34). Δύο ασθενείς της ομάδας Α απεβίωσαν εντός 24ώρου από την επέμβαση, ενώ ουδείς απεβίωσε στην ομάδα της καθυστερημένης αγγειοπλαστικής (p=0,49). Το συχνότερο μεμονωμένο κύριο καταληκτικό σημείο ήταν το περιεπεμβατικό έμφραγμα (12,6% έναντι 14,6%, p=0,42). ΑΕΕ συνέβη σε έναν ασθενή της ομάδας της προθεραπείας και σε κανέναν της ομάδας της άμεσης αγγειοπλαστικής. Επείγουσα επαναγγείωση χρειάσθηκε ένας ασθενής της ομάδας Β και κανείς της ομάδας Α . Η hs-CRP αυξήθηκε μετά την αγγειοπλαστική και στις δύο ομάδες (p<0,0001), χωρίς να υπάρχει διαφορά στις τιμές της μεταξύ των δύο ομάδων (p=0,5). Οι αρχικές τιμές της sPS δεν διέφεραν μεταξύ των δύο ομάδων (p=0,5), και επίσης δεν υπήρχε μεταβολή στις τιμές της sPS μετά την αγγειοπλαστική. Μείζων αιμορραγία καταγράφηκε στο 2,9% των ασθενών της ομάδας της άμεσης αγγειοπλαστικής και στο 3,1% των ασθενών της ομάδας της προθεραπείας (p=0,9). Kαμία στατιστικά σημαντική διαφορά δεν υπήρξε επίσης στα υπόλοιπα δευτερεύοντα καταληκτικά σημεία μεταξύ των δύο ομάδων. Συμπέρασμα: Σε ασθενείς με σταθερή ή ασταθή στηθάγχη, οι οποίοι δεν λάμβαναν προηγουμένως κλοπιδογρέλη και υποβλήθηκαν σε αγγειοπλαστική των στεφανιαίων αρτηριών, η στρατηγική καθυστέρησης της αγγειοπλαστικής για 2 ώρες μετά τη χορήγηση υψηλής δόσης φόρτισης κλοπιδογρέλης 900 mg, δεν φαίνεται να προσφέρει επιπλέον κλινικό όφελος, συγκριτικά με την άμεση αγγειοπλαστική. / Aim: Εvidence that the strategy of delaying percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after clopidogrel loading is beneficial remains inconclusive. We compared the delayed for 2 hours PCI with the ad-hoc PCI, after loading with 900 mg of clopidogrel, in clopidogrel-naive patients with stable or unstable angina who had already underwent coronary angiography and were subjected to PCI. Methods: In a prospective randomized study 199 patients underwent either ad-hoc PCI (group A, n=103) or delayed PCI ( pretreatment group, group B, n=96). Cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), myoglobin which are biomarkers of myocardial injury, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a marker of inflammatory status and soluble P-selectin (sPS), a marker of platelets activation were measured baseline, just before PCI, 6-8 hours after PCI and 24 hours later. Combined primary end point was the composite of cardiovascular death, periprocedural myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and urgent revascularization within 30 days after PCI. Periprocedural MI was defined as any clinical apparent MI and/or the increase of cTnI >3 times above the upper limit of normal (ULN). Secondary endpoints were considered any periprocedural increase of CK-MB above x3 ULN, any periprocedural increase of myocardial injury biomarkers above ULN, TIMI flow <3 after PCI, any major bleeding (TIMI criteria), thrombocytopenia with platelet count <70,000/mL and any elevation of hs-CRP and sPS. Results: The combined primary end point occurred in 12.6% of ad-hoc PCI group versus 15.6% of pretreatment group patients (p=0.34). There were 2 deaths in group A, which occurred within 24 hours post-PCI and no death in the delayed PCI group (p=0.49). Among the components of the combined primary end point, periprocedural MI was the most frequently encountered event (12.6% versus 14.6%, p=0.42). Stroke occurred in one patient of the pretreatment group, and in no patient of the ad-hoc PCI group. Urgent revascularization was performed in one patient of group B and in no patient of group A. High sensitivity CRP increased in both groups after PCI (p<0.0001) without difference between groups (p=0.5). Baseline sPS levels did not differ between the 2 groups (p=0.5) and there was no significant change of sPS over time. Major bleeding occurred in 2.9% ad-hoc PCI group versus 3.1% pretreatment group patients (p=0.9). There was also no difference in any other secondary end point between the two groups. Conclusion: In clopidogrel-naive patients with stable or unstable angina, a strategy of delaying PCI for 2 hours after high-dose clopidogrel loading of 900 mg does not seem to confer any benefit compared to ad-hoc PCI.