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Thesis (doctoral)--University of Liverpool, 1979. / Includes indexes. Includes bibliographical references (p. 367-415).

This dissertation primarily concerns performance aspects in compositions for piano and tape, using three specific works as the basis for discussion: Larry Austin's Sonata Concertante, Thomas Clark's Peninsula, and Phil Winsor's Passages. These compositions are representative of the medium as a whole, yet each offers its own unique set of performance problems.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The official custodian of the Cape Peninsula mountain chain, located at the centre of Cape Town, is the Table Mountain National Park (TMNP). This park is South Africa’s only urban open-access park and has been declared a World Heritage Site. This thesis is an anthropological and historical examination of the past and present conservation of the Cape Peninsula . I provide an overview of the relationship between the urban environment and the Cape Peninsula aiming to illustrate the produced character of the mountains and its mediation in power relations. This study of custodianship reveals that protecting and conserving the Cape Peninsula is shaped by the politics of the urban and natural environment as well as by the experience of living in the city. As such, official and unofficial custodianship is informed by class and race differentiations, embedded in the politics of identity, responsive to the local and national political transformations in governance and connected to the urban struggles of the marginalised Capetonians. Furthermore, inherent in the notion of custodianship is the social appropriation of the Cape Peninsula which was shown to produce specific ideological representations of nature. The thesis presents an ethnographic study of Hangberg, a poor neighbourhood situated at the border of the TMNP. There, the encroachments and poaching within the park boundaries is addressed by focussing on the competing discourses between biodiversity, entitlement and heritage. The engagements between the TMNP, the state and Hangberg on the issues of conservation reveal the distinct complexities of running a national park in a city beset with inequalities. My focus on these engagements also illustrates that the manifestation of ‘community’ is a construction contingent upon circumstances which reflect a meaningful and political relationship between identity, citizenship and place, rather than a homogeneous group of people. I conclude with the idea that in attempting to make the park socially and racially equitable, urban conservation ought to begin to recognise its distinct urban character in the larger socio-environmental framework of the city. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die offisiële beskermheer van die Kaapse Skiereiland Bergreeks, geleë in die sentrum van Kaapstad, is die Tafelberg Nasionale Park (TNP). Die park is Suid-Afrika se enigste stedelike en oop-toegangspark en is verklaar as ’n Wêreld Erfenis Gebied. Hierdie tesis is ’n antropologiese en historiese studie van die huidige en geskiedkundige beskerming van die Kaapse Skiereiland. ’n Oorsig van die verhouding tussen die stedelike omgewing en die Kaapse Skiereiland ontbloot die geproduseerde karakter van die bergreeks en die bemiddeling daarvan in magsverhoudinge. ’n Studie van die beskermheerders van die Kaapse Skiereiland toon aan dat die beskerming en bewaring van die bergreeks (of dele daarvan) afhanklik is van die stedelike en nasionale politieke klimaat en die ervaring van ’n stedelike lewe. Sodoende word offisiële en nie-offisiële kuratorskap as klas- en ras-onderskeibaar, ingebed in identiteitspolitiek, verwant aan die plaaslike en nasionale politieke transformasies in die regering, en verbonde aan die stryd van armes in Kaapstad gedefinieer. Verder, inherent aan kuratorskap is die sosiale toe-eiening van die Kaapse Skiereiland wat spesifieke ideologiese voorstellings van die natuur in die stad produseer. Die tesis bied’n etnografiese studie van Hangberg aan, ’n arm woonbuurt geleë op die grens van die TNP. Ek bespreek die onwettige behuising en stropery binne die park se grense deur te fokus op die kompeterende diskoerse tussen biodiversiteit, regte en erfenis. Die onderhandelinge tussen die TNP, die staat, en Hangberg in verband met die kwessies rondom bewaring ontbloot die spesifieke kompleksiteit daarvan om ’n nasionale park in ’n stad geteister deur ongelykhede te bestuur. Hierdie fokus illustreer dat ‘gemeenskap’ manifesteer as ’n konstruksie wat afhanklik is van omstandighede en dui op ’n betekenisvolle en politieke verhouding tussen identiteit, burgerskap en plek, eerder as ’n homogene groep. Ek sluit af met die idee dat in ’n poging om die TNP meer sosiaal- en ras-inklusief te maak, behoort stedelike bewaring die spesifieke stedelike karakter daarvan te erken in die groter sosialeomgewingsraamwerk van die stad.

The city of Zadar lies upon the Dalmatian coast of modern Croatia. Zadar’s position during the medieval period was that of an affluent port, poised between the markets of East and West, the Balkan hinterland and maritime Adriatic. Such a location made it a strategic colonial target for both Venice and the Kingdom of Hungary. This thesis examines the influence of these political, economic and cultural forces upon the commune’s powerful markers of local identity: its saints’ cults. Zadar’s past wealth created a significant cache of associated metalwork and ecclesiastical architecture that has received little attention beyond the Balkans. Beginning with a grand historical narrative - drawn together from the scholarship of Zaratine, Venetian and Hungarian histories - the complex rivalries and ambitions of the various regional protagonists are highlighted. Zadar’s role within these relations, be it peripheral or central, had an impact upon the commune’s social structures and networks. A study of archival sources indicates a blurring of boundaries between identities, both local and foreign, rather than the stark contrasts that often define the city’s histories. Patronage is also an important aspect of this study, showing how sacral works of art and monumental ecclesiastical structures were important tools in strengthening position and power. The results of such largesse were developments in the cults of Saints Chrysogonus, Simeon the Prophet and Mark the Evangelist. These reveal the flow of cultic practices and artistic trends through Europe, with Zaratine audiences aware of and demanding the most current in their local commissions. Each case study considers ritual, iconography and architectural space, thus contributing additional facets to the understanding of Medieval Zaratine identity.

The United States needs a long-term counterterrorism strategy in Yemen. Nearly three years in, the faltering Yemeni transition threatens to fall apart in the face of an economic crisis, ongoing internal conflict, and al Qaeda attacks. Unchecked, a failed Yemeni state will provide al Qaeda with a larger recruiting base and an expanded area for operations. To prevent this nightmare scenario, the United States should integrate military restructuring, political reform, and economic development policies into its greater strategy to counter al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP). This report describes the dynamics of the 2011 Yemeni uprising, the subsequent political transition, and the simultaneous evolution of AQAP. The report then analyzes these phenomena in the context of U.S. national security policy to determine a long-term counterterrorism strategy in Yemen. To succeed in defeating AQAP and stabilizing Yemen, the U.S. government must engage with its Yemeni partners and regional actors; invest in Yemen's military restructuring, political transition, and economic reforms; and continue to attack AQAP through direct action operations and in tandem with Yemeni armed forces. / text

The growth in global population and the unsustainable business as usual model adopted by private companies in managing land, are causing huge pressures on Indonesian natural ecosystems. The widespread peatland deforestation and degradation affecting Indonesia has been the leading cause of biodiversity loss, decrease of vital ecosystem services, land subsidence, fires and increased impoverishment of local communities. In response to this issue, the Indonesian government, supported by civil society and scientists, issued in 2004 the Ecosystem Restoration Concession license, a new approach of managing logged out production forests in order to reverse and restore deforested, degraded and damaged ecosystems. In 2013, the Indonesian second largest pulp and paper company, APRIL acquired this licence and launched one of the biggest and most ambitious restoration projects in the country, called RER. This project was implemented in the Kampar Peninsula, Riau province, Sumatra, a vast peatland area unique for its ecosystem services and its flora and fauna species. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the sustainability of the project’s management, conservation and development model. Field observations and qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted on various groups of stakeholders. The study showed that, although the project has generated various benefits, thus having the potential of exceeding the environmental, social and economic costs in the future, several challenges, such as managing land, providing alternative livelihoods and including the participation of local communities were reported. If these problems are not successfully addressed, they risk jeopardising the success of the project and therefore its opportunity of becoming sustainable and widespread.

This dissertation uses all of the available evidence provided by coins to construct a numismatic history of the early Islamic precious metal coinage of North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula. The dissertation begins with a review of the analysis undertaken by earlier scholars, followed by an explanation of the adopted methodology, including the approach to the primary and secondary sources and the description of the methods used in the metrological, metallurgical, and die estimation analyses. The balance of the dissertation is divided into three sections. The first section is the typology, which divides the coinage into four series: Series 1, the Two Imperial Bust type; Series 2, the Latin Epigraphic type; Series 3, the Bilingual type; and Series 4, the Post-Reform type. The typology analyses each series in detail. This section also discusses the iconographical elements of the coinage, with a further chapter providing an analysis of certain anomalous examples that do not readily fit into the typology. The second section encompasses the analysis of the metrological and metallurgical aspects of the coinage and the estimation of the number of dies for each series. The final section combines the numismatic evidence and the historical record provided by a variety of secondary sources into a numismatic history of the two regions. This section includes a discussion of the historical context prior to, during, and after the Muslim conquest of North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, as well as a discussion of find spots and circulation. The dissertation concludes with a comparison of the evolution of the precious metal coinage in North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula to the evolution of Islamic coinage in other regions of the Umayyad Caliphate and an exploration of the underlying nature of the coinage (i.e. regional, Imperial, etc.).

La structure de taille et la distribution spatiale du zooplancton ont été étudiées dans deux écosystèmes : une baie de la côte Ouest de la péninsule antarctique et le golfe du Lion en mer méditerranée occidentale. L'acquisition des spectres a été permise par l'utilisation de deux capteurs optiques : le ZooScan / ZooProcess et le Laser Optical Plankton Counter (LOPC). L'impact de différents types de forçages sur les spectres de taille des communautés zooplanctoniques a été mis en évidence dans les deux écosystèmes côtiers, notamment grâce aux caractéristiques des spectres de biomasse normalisée. Le long de la péninsule Antarctique, la fin de l'automne est une période charnière à tous les niveaux trophiques avec la baisse de la production primaire et l'agrégation du krill (Euphausia superba) dans les baies continentales. Les données ADCP ont permis de localiser dans une des baies le plus grand banc de krill échantillonné depuis 20 ans. L'étude du comportement alimentaire du krill en réponse à la baisse de la production primaire a montré l'impact du krill sur les spectres de taille des communautés mésozooplanctoniques, et en particulier sur les espèces de petites tailles. Un autre type de forçage a été mis en avant dans le golfe du Lion, où les structures physiques très variables induites par les apports du Rhône, le courant Liguro-Provençal et les vents influent directement sur la distribution spatiale du zooplancton. Des sous-régions ont été identifiées à partir de corrélations entre des paramètres physiques tels que la stratification de la colonne d'eau et des paramètres biologiques tels que la concentration en chl-a ou la pente des spectres de biomasse normalisée. / Zooplankton size structure and spatial distribution were investigated in a bay along the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) and in the Gulf of Lion in Western Mediterranean Sea. Zooplankton size spectra were determined with the use of two optical sensors, the Laser Optical Plankton Counter (LOPC) and the ZooScan / ZooProcess system. Using features of the biomass size spectrum is was possible to identify different forcing processes that affected zooplankton size spectrum and spatial distribution in the two ecosystems. In WAP, late fall is a transition time at all the trophic levels, with the decrease of primary production and the aggregation of Antarctic krill (Euphausia Superba) in continental bays. ADCP data permitted to find in a bay the largest Antarctic krill swarm reported in the last twenty years. Study of krill feeding behavior in response to the decrease of primary production showed impact of krill on mesozooplankton size spectrum and especially a decrease of the small size species abundance. A different type of forcing was found in the Gulf of Lion, where zooplankton spatial distribution was affected by physical structures such as the inputs by the Rhône river, the Liguro-Provençal current and winds. The correlation between physical and biological parameters e.g. water masses stratification, chl-a concentration, slope of the normalized biomass size spectrum (NBSS), allowed the identification of three different regions in the Gulf of Lion. These potential habitats show different zooplankton size structure, with strong NBSS slopes close to the coast and weaker NBSS slopes in the zone of the Rhône plume influence.