In knowledge management research domain, there is lack of research to investigate what factors influence individuals¡¦ knowledge sourcing behaviors. Most literatures focus on supply end of knowledge flow, but few literatures focus on demand end of knowledge flow. Therefore, this study developed a conceptual model to explain individual¡¦ knowledge sourcing behaviors, and we categorized individuals¡¦ knowledge sourcing behaviors into People-to-People and People-to-Published. We also adopt three main categories of antecedents to individuals¡¦ knowledge sourcing behaviors including: group¡¦s factors, individual factors, task-related factors. We adopted the quantitative research method and focus on individuals from different organization in various Industries to collect research data. Then, Structural equations model analysis was conducted to test the research model. The results revealed that: (1)The factors influenced individuals performing People-to-People knowledge sourcing behaviors including: (a)Trust from group¡¦ factors, (b)Risk-aversion from individual factors, (c)Tacit knowledge demanded, and Variety from task-related factors. (2)The factors influenced individuals performing People-to-Published knowledge sourcing behaviors including: (a)Learning orientation from individual factors, (b)Explicit knowledge demanded, Standardization, and Time pressure from task-related factors. With the results of this study, we hope to present a further understanding of the demand for knowledge within organizations and offer a theoretical framework for researchers and managers to predict individuals¡¦ knowledge sourcing behaviors, then improving the management mechanism about these behaviors.

Small and medium-sized enterprise is most advanced and vigorous in economic development. It is the main power of GDP growth, which can expand employment, promote technological innovation and strengthen the economic structure non-governmentally. But SMEs have great difficulties accessing finance all over the world. In this dissertation, we aim to compare the foreign trade SMEs betweenSwedenandChina, find the differences between SME financing inSwedenandChina, and try to find solutions to the financing problems inChinafrom the Swedish experience. We takeSwedenandChinaas cases, interview two companies and a bank to collect data and analyze the empirical findings with the Modigiliani-Miller Theorem, trade-off Theory, Packing order Theory, Financing gap, Transaction Cost Theory and Institution economics. Through making a comparison withSweden, we have found that the Aggregate Capital Trust for SMEs is one of the more innovative financial forms inChina, and Chinese SMEs still survive through people-to-people credit.

As a traditional country of immigration, New Zealand has often looked outside of its borders for its population composition and as a result 19 percent of New Zealand's current population were born overseas. In recent times, immigration has been used by successive governments as a means of countering severe skills shortages and off-setting a declining birth rate. While attention in the media, public and to some extent in academic circles has been largely focused on the increasing volume of immigrants to New Zealand from Asian countries, migration from Europe has often been overlooked and yet it remains an important component of the New Zealand's migration flows. This thesis explores this stream of migration - from the member states of the European Union to New Zealand - by examining the specific case study of contemporary European Union migration to the Canterbury region, incorporating migrants who live, work and study in Canterbury. The thesis used surveys and in-depth interviews in addition to secondary data to investigate the composition of the European Union migrant population in Canterbury, as well as exploring the motivations and experiences of these migrants. Conceptualising the motivations of contemporary migrants from the EU to New Zealand is difficult, due to a multiplicity of theories and frameworks surrounding the topic of migration. As such, this thesis suggests a three level framework drawn from in order to better understand the motivations of target population. Although the experiences of the surveyed migrants were largely positive, some difficulties were noted, particularly while seeking work and building friendships with New Zealanders. Finally, this thesis proposes a number of recommendations at a policy and academic level which may assist in furthering understandings of the important but often ignored group of European Union migrants in New Zealand.

Magister Artium - MA / The conventional top-down approach to development has been rendered unsustainable and is regarded as a poor strategy to achieving community empowerment and development. The past few decades have seen the promotion of bottom-up techniques whereby governments and developing agents collaborate with target beneficiaries and view them as equal partners in the development of their own communities. It is generally believed that the participation of farmers in agricultural projects improves the performance of the agricultural sector. However, despite the adoption of participatory models, agricultural societies have remained plagued by poverty. It is against this background that this research using the Mazowe District as a case study investigated the nature and extent of participation by small scale farmers in the Development Aid from People to People (DAPP) Farmers’ Club in order to document the extent to which farmers have been empowered. The study made use of both quantitative and qualitative methodologies to gather relevant data. Broadly the findings indicate that the participation of farmers in the DAPP Farmers' Club project was substantively high. The results also suggest that the project empowered farmers to farm more productively in the case study area. In light of the findings the study recommends that governments and NGOs should follow the values and principles of the people-centred development (PCD) theory when implementing agricultural projects as it has proven to be an empowering approach. This practice may transform societies as there is an opportunity to address societal needs at grassroots level. In view of this research it can be argued that capacitating farmers through training and improving their farming skills can improve their agricultural production.

一九八七年十一月二日政府開放一般民眾赴大陸探親, 阻絕將近四十 的 台海兩岸人民打破以往的限制, 開始展開正式的交往, 兩岸關係邁入民間 交流的階段。但是, 由於台海兩岸處於長期的分裂狀態, 加上彼此的歷史 恩怨和意識型態上的差異, 雙方在政治、經濟、社會制度也朝不同的方向 發展, 在這種情況下, 民間交流是消弭雙方認知差距、形成共識的首要工 作, 更是岸邁向未來統一的必經階段; 易言之, 在目前兩岸官方仍處於敵 對的狀態, 民間所展開的經貿、文教各項交流如果能產生良好的互動情 形, 將形未來兩岸政治統合的助力, 亦就是西方學者所說的「擴散」( spill-over效果。本論文即是在探討近五年來民間所展開之各項交流是否 已產生上述之「擴散」功用, 亦就是說, 民間交流對兩岸關係的發展產生 何種程度的響。並且加以檢討民間交流之各項問題與限制, 藉以了解兩岸 民間在交流中所扮演之角色、地位, 及其所能發揮之空間。因此, 本論文 將透過近五年來兩岸民間之經貿、社會文教各項交流之際概況及官方所制 定之相關政策與措施之歸納整理, 以便對於上述問題有所了解。本論文共 分為五章十六節及結論, 共十餘萬字。第一章為緒論, 主要是就研究動機 、目的、研究方法、研究範疇及研究資料做一描述。第二章: 分別從國際 外環境、台海兩岸政治態度與立場的轉變、民間方面的衝擊等三方面去探 討促成兩岸民間交流之背景因素。第三章: 主要是歸納整理近五年來兩岸 經貿交流之相關政策、措施及實際交流情形, 並探討其相關問題及限制。 第四章: 主要是歸納整理近五年來兩岸社會文教交流之相關政策、措施及 實際交流情形, 並探討其相關問題。第五章: 將近五年來之民間交流正負 面問題做一省思, 並探討其和兩岸關係發展之互動情形。結論: 將本論文 之研究所得做一歸納整理, 並對兩岸關係未來發展提出建議與展望。

The purpose of this study is to explore the different marketing techniques accessible to fashion independent retailers and aiming to strengthen their customer relationship and attract/create a community. It also focuses on understanding the applicability and operationalization of customer relationship management marketing techniques in a specific context, here, a fashion independent retailer. / Program: Master programme in Fashion Management

本研究的主要目的是考察印尼學生在他們的學生組織中如何扮演促進印尼與台灣之間關係的角色。本論文用公共外交的概念與分析框架，以作者在台就學之便親身參與各項印尼學生組織活動的經驗觀察所得，結合相關的文獻分析，最後發現，印尼學生在促進印台關係中扮演三種角色：1. 強化兩國人民的關係；2. 增進彼此的瞭解；3. 提升了兩國彼此在對方民眾與社會中的能見度與形象。而印尼學生之所以可以在台灣非穆斯林社會達到這樣的成果，主要歸功於：1. 印尼社群的互助傳統（gotong-royong）變成他們在台灣推動組織工作的社會資本；2. 在台灣的印尼移工與學生社群對這些服務的需求；3. 駐台北印尼經濟貿易辦公室、台灣政府以及各個大學學務單位的多方的支持與協助。 / The main objective of this study is to examine the role Indonesian students in Indonesian student organizations in Taiwan have played in enhancing the relationship between Indonesia and Taiwan. This thesis explores and details some of the activities of Indonesian students as they study in Taiwan, and examines how these activities have contributed to bridging and increasing the volume of people-to-people relations between the two countries, as well as how the associations and their activities have indirectly enhanced mutual understanding between Taiwanese and Indonesians. This thesis adopts the new public diplomacy and relational public diplomacy framework. Some data were collected during the researcher’s participation in Indonesian student associations and activities. Other data were gathered via discussion with several prominent Indonesian student association leaders. For the document analysis, this research uses Indonesian student organization document reports, Indonesia and Taiwan government reports, statistical data, newspapers, and websites. This thesis suggests that there are three roles Indonesian students play in bridging the relationship between Indonesia and Taiwan: (1) strengthening people-to-people relations (2) bridging mutual understanding (3) increase visibility and positive image. In addition, this thesis shows that there are three factors leading Indonesian students to establish their associations and conduct their activities: (1) their tradition of communal work (gotong-royong) as social capital (2) the demands of Indonesian migrant workers and students (3) support from various institutions, such as the Indonesian government especially IETO, universities, and the Taiwan government. The three factors are important and they are related to each other. Because of the three factors, Indonesian students can carry out their activities.