This article adopt ¡¨nonlinear cointegrating regression¡¨ model, which was published by Bae and DE Jong in 2007, to conduct related empirical research on one of the pricing theories of futures-Cost of carry theory. Since cost of carry theory is based on the assumption that the market belongs to ¡¨perfect market¡¨, the test for cost of carry theory is accompanied by the test of the efficiency of the market. This article takes Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index ¡BTaiwan Stock Exchange Electronic Sector Index and Taiwan Stock Exchange Finance Sector Index as our researching target and the final result exhibits that the cost of carry theory is mostly significant in the future market of Taiwan .

For many applications, such as cryptography and digital communications, binary sequences with certain specific properties are required. These include a balance of 0's and 1's in a period, ideal runs frequencies, good auto- and cross-correlation spectra, and high linear complexity. Perfect Linear Complexity Profile sequences (PLCPs) have the linear complexity of all subsequences (starting with the first bit) equal to half the length of the subsequence (this is the expected value for a random sequence). We investigate the density - proportion of ones - of finite length PLCPs, both in general and for specific examples. We gain results on the average, maximal and minimal densities, as well as their limits as the length tends to infinity. We also study whether the PLCP property is preserved under various decimations. PLCPs are characterised by a simple linear recurrence modulo 2. We look at similar "nearly" perfect profiles and characterise sequences with these profiles in terms of similar recurrences. Also sequences with a PLCP up to a point and then constant complexity are characterised in terms of the convergents in the continued fraction expansion of the generating function of PLCPs, and we look briefly at their corresponding periods. Sequences with bounded jumps in their linear complexity are discussed and a method of generating them is suggested. The interleaving of shifts of a sequence with out-of-phase auto-correlation equal to -1 and balance, in a specific order, seems to be a fundamental method of generating longer sequences with this auto-correlation property. It is shown that two pairs of families of these sequences, derived in different ways, are in fact equivalent. The analysis highlights the general method mentioned above, and so provides examples of families of sequences with 2-valued auto-correlation by changing the ingredients in the interleaving pattern. We also look at the cross-correlation of sequences with this interleaved structure.

Desde una perspectiva variacionista, este estudio compara el uso del presente perfecto en Buenos Aires, la Ciudad de Mexico y Madrid, basado en la produccion de esta variable en blogs personales de la red electronica. El analisis de GoldVarb confirma que los hablantes mexiquenses mantienen la funcion tradicional del presente perfecto y el preterito mientras los madrilenos tienden a extender el presente perfecto hacia el pasado, cumpliendo con funciones anteriormente del preterito. En el habla portena, el preterito tiende a extenderse hacia el presente, dejando que el presente perfecto pierda funciones al preterito. Los resultados son comparables con estudios previos, demostrando que el blog puede ser considerado valido como un medio para estudiar el habla vernacula. Ademas, esta investigacion establece los contextos lingui­sticos y extralingui­sticos que condicionan la realizacion del PP en los tres dialectos, el efecto paralelo siendo un factor muy importante para los tres dialectos en este estudio.

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Existing Global Data Computation (GDC) protocols for asynchronous systems are designed for fully connected networks. In this paper, we discuss GDC in a dedicated asynchronous chordal ring, a type of un-fully connected networks. The virtual links approach, which constructs t+1 (t<n) process-disjoint paths for each pair of processes without direct connection to tolerate failures (where t is the maximum number of processes that may crash and n is the total number of processes), can be applied to solve the GDC problem in the chordal but the virtual links approach incurs high message complexity. To reduce the high communication cost, we propose a non round-based GDC protocol for the asynchronous chordal ring with perfect failure detectors. The main advantage of our approach is that there is no notion of round, processes only send messages via direct connections and the implementation of failure detectors does not require process-disjoint paths. Analysis and comparison with the virtual links approach shows that our protocol reduces the message complexity significantly. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

Submitted by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-02-17T14:39:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO (VICTOR RAMOS DA SILVA).pdf: 2412388 bytes, checksum: 86377e1ac5af605512f3de7063249264 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-17T14:39:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO (VICTOR RAMOS DA SILVA).pdf: 2412388 bytes, checksum: 86377e1ac5af605512f3de7063249264 (MD5) / Esta pesquisa objetiva investigar o processamento psicolinguístico da forma verbal Present Perfect em aprendizes de língua inglesa (iniciantes, intermediários e avançados) comparados a falantes nativos monolíngues, assumindo a perspectiva de sistemas de memória declarativa e procedimental (ULLMAN, 2001; 2004; 2005; 2013) e testando as evidencias apresentadas por Clahsen e Felser (2006) sobre como uma nova língua pode ser processada comparando-se resultados de nativos e não nativos em tarefas cognitivas envolvendo a língua alvo. O experimento proposto é dividido em duas partes. A primeira parte é uma tarefa off-line controlada chamada aqui de Sentence Picture Matching com parâmetro cronométrico, desenvolvido no programa PsyScope e respondida com uma caixa de resposta. Nessa tarefa, o participante tinha de escolher, entre duas sentenças, aquela que melhor descrevia uma imagem apresentada anteriormente, durante 5 segundos, e o programa capturava o tempo de reação durante as rodadas. São 24 rodadas nesta tarefa: 8 experimentais e 16 distratoras. Os estímulos experimentais foram divididos em duas categorias – aquelas próximas a um correlato em português e aquelas sem um correlato automático na língua portuguesa. Esse fato nos fez dividir os participantes em dois subgrupos (organização experimental entre sujeitos), em que os 70 participantes (10 nativos monolíngues, 20 aprendizes avançados, 20 aprendizes intermediários e 20 iniciantes) foram redivididos ao meio em dois subgrupos chamados de “semelhante” (sentenças com correspondente em português) e “não semelhante” (aquelas sem tal correspondência). A segunda parte do experimento é uma tarefa off-line simples, respondida com caneta e papel. O participante tinha de fazer o mesmo, selecionar uma sentença que melhor descrevesse uma imagem; mas, agora, tendo de justificar a seleção. O número de rodadas foi diminuído para 5 estímulos experimentais e 10 distratoras de forma a evitar exaustão do participante. Os resultados da primeira parte do experimento indicaram que, em número de respostas corretas, não houve diferença significativa entre aprendizes avançados e falantes monolíngues nativos [F1 (1,20) = 4,31; p<0,05); mostrando-nos o comportamento ‘tal como nativo’ (FERNÁNDEZ, 2005), embora o tempo gasto tivesse diferença significativa, em ‘semelhante’, 1,244 segundos [F1 (1,20) = 4,31; p<0,05) e, em ‘não semelhante’, 4,58 segundos [F1 (1,20) = 9,14.; p<0,05). O nível de escolhas corretas caiu significativamente – 57% de escolhas corretas para ‘não semelhante’ e 50% em ‘semelhante’ para aprendizes intermediários de inglês; 43% de escolhas corretas para ‘não semelhante’ e 52% para ‘semelhante’ nos iniciantes. A diferença entre ‘semelhante’ e ‘não semelhante’ não apresentou diferença significativa, (x² = 0,57, p>0,321), para intermediários e (x² = 1,27, p>0,2025) para iniciantes, indicando que esse aspecto é relevante apenas para velocidade de processamento, no qual ambos os grupos alcançaram diferenças significantes: 1,596 segundos para o grupo intermediário [F1 (1,20) = 4,72,; p<0,05) e 4,349 segundos para o grupo de iniciantes [F1 (1,20) = 6,28; p<0,05). A análise da parte escrita do experimento (tarefa off-line / pós-teste) mostrou que 25% (semelhante) e 9,523% (não semelhante) dos nativos monolíngues tiveram comportamento metalinguístico contra 66,66% e 76% dos aprendizes avançados, 19,23% e 12,5% dos aprendizes intermediários e, finalmente, 38,88% e 18,18% dos iniciantes. Esses resultados e a análise qualitativa das respostas dadas nos mostraram que aprendizes avançados tendem a focar mais em regras estruturais, resultando em escolhas corretas, mas o tempo gasto não é próximo ao de um nativo monolíngue. Esse fato nos fez inferir que falantes nativos lidam com menor uso da memória declarativa (em função da procedimental) e não nativos a usam mais. / This research aims to investigate the psycholinguistic processing of the verb form Present Perfect in Brazilian learners of the English language (beginner, intermediate and advanced) compared to monolingual native speakers, by assuming the perspective of declarative and procedural memory systems (ULLMAN, 2001; 2004; 2005; 2013) and testing the evidence presented by Clahsen & Felser (2006) about how a new language can be processed by comparing native and non-native results in cognitive tasks involving the target language. The proposed experiment is divided into two parts. The first part of the experiment is a controlled off-line task called here sentence picture matching with chronometric parameter, developed in Psyschope program and answered with a button box device. In that task, the subject had to choose between two sentences, the one that best describe a picture presented during 5 seconds, the program captures the reaction time during the trials. There are 24 trials in that task: 8 experimental and 16 fishing (distracters). The experimental stimuli were divided into two categories – the ones closer to a Portuguese correlate and the ones without an automatic correlate in the Portuguese language. That fact made us divide the subjects into two sub-groups (between subjects experimental organization), in which the 70 participants (10 native monolinguals, 20 advanced learners, 20 intermediate learners and 20 beginner learners) were re-divided in half, into two sub-groups called “semelhante” (the sentences with Portuguese correspondent) and “não semelhante” (the ones without). The second part of the experiment is a simple off-line task on paper. The subject had to do the same, choose a sentence that best describes an image, but, now, that participant had to justify the selection. The number of trials was cut to 5 experimental stimuli and 10 fishing ones in order to avoid an exhausting task. The results indicated that, in number of correct choices, there was no significant difference between advanced learners and monolingual native speakers [F1 (1,20) = 4,31; p<0,05), showing us the native-like behavior (FERNÁNDEZ, 2005), although the time spent by those groups had a significant difference, in ‘semelhante’, 1.244 seconds [F1 (1,20) = 4,31; p<0,05) and, in ‘não semelhante’, 4,58 seconds [F1 (1,20) = 9,14,; p<0,05). The level of correct choices decreased significantly - 57% of correct choices for ‘não semelhante’ and 50% in ‘semelhante’ for Intermediate English Learners; 43% of correct choices for ‘não semelhante’ and 52% for ‘semelhante’ in Beginners. The difference between ‘semelhante’ and ‘não semelhante’ didn’t show significant differences, (x² = 0,57, p >0,321), for intermediate and (x² = 1,27, p >0,2025), for beginners, indicating that this aspect is only relevant to the speed of processing, where both groups achieved significant differences: 1.596 seconds for intermediate group [F1 (1,20) = 4,72,; p<0,05) and 4,349 seconds for the group of beginners [F1 (1,20) = 6,28; p<0,05). The analysis of the written part of the experiment (off-line task / post-experiment) showed that 25% (semelhante) and 9.523% (não semelhante) from native monolinguals indicated metalinguistic behavior against 66.66% and 76% for advanced learners, 19.23% and 12.5% for intermediate learners and, finally, 38.88% and 18.18% for beginners. Those results and the qualitative analysis of the answers given showed us that advanced learners tend to focus more on structural rules and it results in correct choices but the time spent is not close to a monolingual native. That fact and other ones made us infer that native speakers cope with little usage of declarative memory and non-natives use it much more.

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