A la suite de l'Incarnation du Fils de Dieu, l'Église, analogie du Corps mystique du Christ, est enracinée dans une géographie historique transitoire. C'est la foi professée par l'Eglise catholique romaine. Sa mission ne peut donc se restreindre aux réalités spirituelles entendues comme immatérielles. Si l'État a vocation première à assumer les réalités temporelles selon le plan divin, cela ne signifie pas que l'Église doive renoncer à sa part de responsabilité éthique et politique. Au service de la vocation ultime de l'être humain, c'est "l'homme considéré dans son unité et sa totalité" (Gaudium et Spes 3) que l'Eglise catholique aussi doit conduire au salut.La canonicité de l'engagement ecclésial dans les réalités temporelles affronte le pouvoir politique et sa tendance hégémonique à imposer une doctrine soit étatiste ou régalienne, soit séparatiste et parfois discriminatoire.Quels sont les arguments juridiques dont cette Église dispose pour justifier, devant son interlocuteur politique, d'une légitimité de prise de parole dans des domaines de la res publica qui relèvent premièrement de l'État et de ses structures ? Dans cette tâche, elle ne peut se présenter ni comme une institution associative, ni comme un simple lobby. Les XIXe et XXe siècles ont été le lieu d'un travail doctrinal et d'une expression magistérielle très riche en ce domaine. En rappelant son fondement divin dont la forme juridique prend celle d'une Société parfaite théologique, l'Église a affirmé un statut de société religieuse, la distinguant d'une puissance séculière de machine de prise de pouvoir, et définissant le proprium d'une parole d'éthique internationale. L'organisation canonique de la souveraineté vient, non d'une concession de la sphère profane, mais d'une volonté divine. L'Eglise se disant Société parfaite, ou encore société externe devant l'organisation internationale, ces notions sont nécessairement théologiques. / Following the Incarnation of the son of God, the Church, analogy of mystical Body of Christ, is rooted in a transitional historical geography. This is the faith professed by the Roman Catholic Church. Its mission can not therefore be limited to spiritual realities understood as immaterial. If State has primary vocation to assume temporal realities according to the divine plan, that does not mean that the Church should give up its share of ethical and political responsability. Serving the ultimate vocation of human being it's "man seen in its unity and totality" (Gaudium et Spes 3) that the Church must also lead to salvation.Canonicity of the ecclesial commitment in temporal realities confronts political power and its hegemonic tendency to impose a doctrine either statist or regal, either separatist and sometimes discriminatory.What are legal arguments which the Church has to justify, before his political interlocutor, legitimacy of speaking in areas of "res publica" that fall firstly to the state and its structures ? In this task, it can occur either as an associative institution nor a simple lobby. The nineteenth and twentieth centuries were the scene of a doctrinal work and a magisterial speech rich in this area. Recalling its divine foundation which takes the legal form of a Theological perfect Society, the Church has affirmed the status of a religious society, distinguishing it from a secular machine to gain power and defining the proprium of an international ethics. The canonical organization of sovereignty is not a concession to the secular sphere, but a divine will. The Church is called perfect company or external company to the international organization, these concepts are necessarily theological.

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Let G be a graph with vertex set V and no isolated vertices, and let S be a dominating set of V. The set S is a semitotal dominating set of G if every vertex in S is within distance 2 of another vertex of S. And, S is a semipaired dominating set of G if S can be partitioned into 2-element subsets such that the vertices in each 2-set are at most distance two apart. The semitotal domination number γt 2(G) is the minimum cardinality of a semitotal dominating set of G, and the semipaired domination number γpr 2(G) is the minimum cardinality of a semipaired dominating set of G. For a graph without isolated vertices, the domination number γ(G) , the total domination γt(G) , and the paired domination number γpr(G) are related to the semitotal and semipaired domination numbers by the following inequalities: γ(G) ≤ γt 2(G) ≤ γt(G) ≤ γpr(G) and γ(G) ≤ γt 2(G) ≤ γpr 2(G) ≤ γpr(G) ≤ 2 γ(G). Given two graph parameters μ and ψ related by a simple inequality μ(G) ≤ ψ(G) for every graph G having no isolated vertices, a graph is (μ, ψ) -perfect if every induced subgraph H with no isolated vertices satisfies μ(H) = ψ(H). Alvarado et al. (Discrete Math 338:1424–1431, 2015) consider classes of (μ, ψ) -perfect graphs, where μ and ψ are domination parameters including γ, γt and γpr. We study classes of perfect graphs for the possible combinations of parameters in the inequalities when γt 2 and γpr 2 are included in the mix. Our results are characterizations of several such classes in terms of their minimal forbidden induced subgraphs.

In this dissertation, new theoretical results are obtained for bounding convergence and mean-square error in conditional coding. Further new statistical methods for the practical application of conditional coding are developed. Criteria for the uniform convergence are first examined. Conditional coding Markov chains are aperiodic, π-irreducible, and Harris recurrent. By applying the general theories of uniform ergodicity of Markov chains on genera l state space, one can conclude that conditional coding Markov cha ins are uniformly ergodic and further, theoretical convergence rates based on Doeblin's condition can be found. Conditional coding Markov chains can be also viewed as having finite state space. This allows use of techniques to get bounds on the second largest eigenvalue which lead to bounds on convergence rate and the mean-square error of sample averages. The results are applied in two examples showing that these bounds are useful in practice. Next some algorithms for perfect sampling in conditional coding are studied. An application of exact sampling to the independence sampler is shown to be equivalent to standard rejection sampling. In case of single-site updating, traditional perfect sampling is not directly applicable when the state space has large cardinality and is not stochastically ordered, so a new procedure is developed that gives perfect samples at a predetermined confidence interval. In last chapter procedures and possibilities of applying conditional coding to mixture models are explored. Conditional coding can be used for analysis of a finite mixture model. This methodology is general and easy to use.

In this thesis we present a model of the interacting agents on the financial market. The agents are represented by a non-Euclidean random graph, where each agent communicate with another with probability p, and the interaction according to the Ising Model. We investigate properties of the model by direct calculations for small graph sizes, and by perfect simulation for larger graph sizes. We also present a model for asset price variation by using the magnetization of the Ising model.

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One of the untapped energy sources is the thermal energy available either from solar irradiance which is still not fully utilized or from the ambient heat temperature. Both resources share the nature of infrared (IR) radiation but with different range of wavelengths. The rectenna (rectifying antenna) concept is presented to harvest these IR radiations. The rectenna is simply an antenna connected to a diode. The diode has to be able to follow and rectify the ultra-fast received AC signal. This condition promotes the use of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) diodes due to their ultra-fast tunneling mechanism. The impedance matching between the diode an antenna is to be considered. The resistance practical ranges of both nano-antenna and MIM diode are generally far. The diode responsivity determines the MIM rectification capability. By building MIM diodes with multiple insulator layers the trade-off between the resistance and responsivity can be resolved. An optimization algorithm to select the qualified materials to build an MIIM diode with high responsivity and low resistance is introduced. A Ti-TiO2/ZnO-Al MIIM diode with ultra-thin oxide layers is fabricated. Also, a global optimization approach is carried out to maximize the impedance matching between the diode and the nano-antenna while improving the capacitance effect on the device’s cut-off frequency. The optimal results reveal a maximum coupling efficiency of 5.5%, a responsivity of 6.4 A/W, and a cut-off frequency of ~34 THz. A symmetric MIM metamaterial perfect absorber is introduced. The design has larger resistance than conventional nano-antennas. The near unity absorptivity is achieved through an optimization approach. A novel Chand-Bali nano-antenna that supports dual polarization and wide angle of reception is presented. The rectenna based on this nano-antenna is expected to achieve more than one magnitude of efficiency higher than ones fabricated in literature. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Le français et l’allemand connaissent des formes verbales rares que la linguistique appelle « formes surcomposées ». Dans les deux langues, elles se composent d’une forme de l’auxiliaire avoir (haben) ou être (sein), du participe passé (Partizip II) du verbe principal et du participe passé (Partizip II) du même auxiliaire. Il s’agit de constructions du type : Das hat er mir gesagt gehabt. Ce couteau a eu coupé. Pour les deux langues, la description de leur valeur sémantique pose beaucoup de problèmes. Pour le français, il a déjà été démontré que les formes en question pourraient prendre des fonctions qui dépassent les approches classiques aspecto-temporelles. On évoque notamment une fonction expressive. Pour l‘allemand nous avons essayé, en nous basant notamment sur des corpus d’allemand parlé, de déterminer des contextes dans lesquels se révèle le caractère expressif de ses formes. Il s’est avéré que la fonction expressive en français est probablement le résultat du contraste avec la forme composée simple et non-marquée tandis qu’en allemand cette expressivité émane plutôt de la possibilité du participe II de l’auxiliaire de se chevaucher en tant que troisième temps d’évaluation avec le participe II du verbe principal. Notre propre proposition pour l’analyse et l’interprétation des formes verbales surcomposées en allemand et en français considère que les formes surcomposées dans les deux langues disposent d’un auxiliaire qui est lui-même composé, c’est-à-dire d’un auxiliaire au parfait dans le cas d’un passé surcomposé /doppeltes Perfekt ou bien d’un auxiliaire au plus-que-parfait/Plusquamperfekt dans le cas d’un plus-que-parfait surcomposé /doppeltes Plusquamperfekt. De cette manière, ces formes se caractérisent par un troisième temps d’évaluation au passé. Comme nous l’avons montré, l‘allemand et le français disposent des procédés différents afin de positionner ce temps d’évaluation en fonction des possibilités offertes par chaque langue. Le concept du troisième temps d’évaluation est, selon nous, mieux capable d’expliquer les différentes utilisations des temps surcomposés que d’autres propositions existantes. / Rare verbal constructions, which in linguistics are called “double compounds”, exist in German and French. In both languages, they consist of a form of the auxiliary avoir/haben or être/sein, the past participle of the main verb as well as the past participle of the auxiliary. We talk about constructions of the following type: Das hat er mir gesagt gehabt. Ce couteau a eu coupé. For both languages, the description of their semantic value poses many problems. For French, the proposal has already been made that the form in question could take functions which are beyond the classical aspecto-temporal approaches. Attention has been drawn especially to the surcomposé’s expressive function. For German, too, we have tried to identify contexts, in which these forms reveal their expressive qualities. We have reasons to assume that the expressive functions of the French surcomposé result from a contrast with the unmarked passé composé whereas in German, expressivity comes rather from the possibility of the past participle of the auxiliary to overlap with the past participle of the main verb. Our own proposition for the analysis and the interpretation of double compounds in German and French regards the constructions in question as forms with a complex auxiliary. In the case of a double perfect, the auxiliary is a perfect itself. In the case of a double pluperfect, the auxiliary is a pluperfect itself. Seen like this, double compounds are characterised by a third evaluation time, which, as we have shown, can be placed differently according to the options of each language. Our concept of the third evaluation time seems to be better capable to explain the different usages of double compounds in French and German than other existing proposals.