In order to maintain higer competitive power, perfect quality of products and services are requested by enterprises nowadays.What¡¦s more , employees are the important media to carry out it.The media roles employees play are related to personal characteristics-perfectionism. We know that strive for perfectionism is native and inner need during development of human beings.In addition,the reasons which cause perfectionism are not only from rigorous standard of self but also possibly from others¡¦ stringent request or social expectation by significant others.Proper demand and standard are drives which make employees achieve their goals,however,extreme ones lead to burnout or high turnover intention .It deserved to be paid more attention to because they will diminish performance of organization,group and individuals,even bring about the loss of human capital.In this study,we will have the preliminary exploration of the relationship among perfectionism from different requiring sources,burnout and turnover intention.MBI was used mostly in past studies,nevertheless,it is criticized during these times and is possible not to measure the actural burnout result.To improve the situation,we use CBI instead in this study and look forward to observe the effect of perfectionism on burnout and turnover intention. Objets of this study are the full-time employees of science &technology, financial and service industry.We take the questionnaire survey method with convenient sampling to execute this study. Totally we sent out 334 numbers of paper copies and obtained 256 ones.Besides,we got 131 copies from on-line survey.Finally we have 364 valid samples out of the 387 combined sources.We adopted the hierarchical regression modeling to test the hypothesis. The findings are as the following¡GSelf-oriented perfectionism (SOP) is positively associated with personal burnout and personal burnout is also positively associated with turnover intention.However,SOP is negatively associated with turnover intention.This reveals that employees of SOP still have the possibility to increase their turnover intention owing to increasing personal burnout.Other-oriented perfectionism(OOP) shows no significant influence on burnout and is negatively associated with turnover intention.Social- prescribed perfectionism(SPP) is positively associated with both personal & job-related burnout and these two kinds of burnout are also positively related to turnover intention.Nevertheness,SPP can¡¦t predict the relationship with turnover intention directly.Further,burnout is not the mediator variable between perfectionism and turnover intention.Finally,we will offer concrete suggestions for following studies and practical implement .Research limitation is also included .

The study of perfectionism has grown over the past few years with most of the interest focused on the relationship between perfectionism and psychological functioning. Although the literature on perfectionism has continued to increase, the study of the impact of cultural differences on perfectionism and psychological functioning has been understudied. This study examines the relationships between racial identity, perfectionism and satisfaction of life along with other factors that may mediate this relationship such as coping style and stress. A multicultural model of the stress process posited by Slavin, Rainer, et al. (1991) provides a basis for examining the importance of cultural influences on perfectionism. 122 African American women were recruited via university organization listservs and email lists and through direct contact with university professors to complete surveys on perfectionism, life satisfaction, stress and coping. Analysis of data indicated that individuals in the pre-encounter status of racial identity reported lower satisfaction with life. This finding is consistent with prior studies. Findings also included a significant positive relationship (p<.05) between internalization status of racial identity and socially prescribed perfectionism. Additionally emotion oriented coping was found to fully mediate the relationship between socially oriented perfectionism and satisfaction with life (Z=-1.9722, p<.05). These findings highlight the relevance of cultural factors when considering assessment and intervention strategies for African American women. Additionally the significant contribution of coping style to life satisfaction gives guidance in how to intervene with clients in a clinical setting. The findings suggest that reducing the reliance on emotion oriented coping strategies may be important in improving life satisfaction in African American women.

Abstract This study is focused on the discrimination of the relationship between money ethic & perfectionism and professional commitment & organizational commitment. I intend to provide company owners useful information on management of those R&D engineers. This research targets on engineers from different areas of businesses like computer, information, communication, electronics, optotech, refined machinery, automobiles, machinery, chemical engineering, metal industry and son on, but most are on the refined machinery, automobiles, machinery and telecommunication. There are total 508 copies of valid samples received. This is to check out if there is any obvious influence that the ¡§ money ethic ¡§ & ¡§perfectionism¡¨ and ¡§professional commitment ¡¨ & ¡§organizational commitment ¡¨ by using regression. The result on research R&D engineers is as follows: 1¡BThe ¡§money ethic ¡§ & ¡§perfectionism¡¨ they behold have a great influence on professional commitment. ¡}1¡~¡BThe stronger the no intrinsic motivation is, the stronger their involvement and identification to profession will be. ¡}2¡~¡BThe stronger the no intrinsic motivation is, the weaker willingness to stay in the same profession will be. ¡}3¡~¡BThe higher their personal standard is, the stronger their involvement and identification to profession will be. ¡}4¡~¡BThe more parental criticism, the weaker their professional identification and the willingness to stay in profession will be. ¡}5¡~¡BThe higher their personal standard and the doubt about actions is, the weaker the willingness to stay in profession will be. ¡}6¡~¡BThe higher the concern over making mistakes is, the weaker their involvement and identification to profession will be. 2¡BThe ¡§money ethic ¡§ & ¡§perfectionism¡¨ they behold have a great influence on organizational commitment. ¡}1¡~¡BThe stronger they regard ¡§money is good¡BImportant¡¨ , the weaker their involvement and identification to organization will be. ¡}2¡~¡BThe stronger the no intrinsic motivation is, the stronger their identification to organization will be. ¡}3¡~¡BThe higher they consider themselves receiving a equity treatment, the stronger their involvement to organization and the willingness to stay in position will be. ¡}4¡~¡BThe more the motivators are, the stronger their involvement to organization will be. ¡}5¡~¡BThe higher the expectation from their parents is, the stronger their involvement and identification to organization and the willingness to stay in position will be. ¡}6¡~¡BThe higher the doubt about actions is, the weaker their involvement and identification to organization and the willingness to stay in position will be. ¡}7¡~¡BThe more concern over making mistakes is, the weaker their willingness to stay in position will be. ¡}8¡~¡BThe higher their personal standard is, the stronger their involvement and identification to organization and the willingness to stay in position will be. ¡}9¡~¡BThe more criticizes receiving from parents, the weaker their involvement to organization and the willingness to stay in position will be.

This essay begins with the assumption that a liberal political morality is grounded upon two core ideals one, that the freedom to shape one's own life in accordance with one's reasonable beliefs about the good is constitutive of the ideal human life; and two, that the state ought to be in the business of securing this life-shaping freedom for its citizens. I argue that the endorsement of these ideals has perfectionist implications for a political morality. My central claim is that if the liberal state is committed to securing its citizens' life-shaping freedom, then it must actively and intentionally promote a definitive ideal of human flourishing. Accordingly, a liberal political morality is perfectionist insofar as it promotes an ideal of human flourishing; it is liberal insofar as that ideal is a distinctively liberal one. My argument proceeds in four stages. In Chapter II, I argue that a liberal political morality cannot remain neutral in the way that many liberals claim it must be. The consequence of this is that a liberal morality must be grounded upon a non-neutral moral ideal. In Chapter III, I argue that this non-neutral ideal must take citizens' positive liberty or what I am calling their life-shaping capabilities €”seriously if it is to achieve its end of securing its citizens' life-shaping freedom. In Chapter IV, I present a theoretical framework intended to support the perfectionist element of my account. To do this, I propose a capabilities approach to well-being, which enables us to determine which capabilities are necessary for life-shaping freedom. In Chapter V, I address the inevitable worry that the state's enforcement of perfectionist political principles is likely to unjustifiably infringe upon its citizens'€™ freedom. To alleviate this concern, I argue that any paternalistic interference justified by a capabilities approach actually enhances citizens' long-term freedom by preventing them from permanently forfeiting the necessary conditions of their freedom. Once this obstacle has been overcome, we will be free to embrace the perfectionist implications of our commitment to life-shaping freedom.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [72]-79). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [72]-79). Also available on the Internet.

Recent research has found that self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism have distinct consequences for athletes. The purpose of the thesis was to extend this research by further examining their motivational consequences for athletes and identifying the psychological mechanisms that explain their divergent consequences. The first two studies suggested that the positive relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and athlete burnout was mediated by the tendency to engage in validation-seeking and utilise avoidant coping, whereas the inverse relationship between self-oriented perfectionism and athlete burnout was mediated by the tendency to utilise problem-focused coping and eschew avoidant coping. Because these initial studies provided little evidence to suggest that self-oriented perfectionism has negative psychological consequences for athletes, the nature of self-oriented perfectionism and its consequences were examined more closely in two subsequent studies. A comparative study examining similarities and differences in the correlates of selforiented perfectionism and conscientious achievement striving found that while both include a commitment to high standards, self-oriented perfectionism also includes a concern over mistakes, fear of failure and negative reactions to imperfection. An experimental study examining the response of student-athletes II higher in this dimension of perfectionism to successive failures further suggested that, in comparison to those with lower levels of self-oriented perfectionism, those with higher levels of self-oriented perfectionism experienced a more pronounced increase in threat following an initial failure and reported withdrawing effort from the subsequent performance. The final two studies suggest that the divergent consequences of these two dimensions of perfectionism may also be explained by differences in the controllability of sources of self-worth and evaluative standards. In addition, in some instances, perceptions of the achievement climate may influence the self-criticism experienced by perfectionists. Collectively, this series of studies suggest that socially prescribed perfectionism will invariably lead to motivational and psychological difficulties for athletes. In contrast, such difficulties may not be inevitable for those with higher levels of self-oriented perfectionism; however, it may render athletes vulnerable to psychological difficulties when personal standards are not meet.

A variety of risk factors for bulimia nervosa have been proposed including both environmental factors (e.g., family environment) and personal characteristics (e.g., body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, and perfectionism). The main goal of this study was to further examine the relationship between body satisfaction, self-esteem, and perfectionism in the development of bulimic symptoms. A confirmatory factor analysis on the construct of perfectionism was conducted to determine if it was best explained as a unidimensional or a multidimensional construct. Perfectionism was best explained as a construct consisting of three factors--normal perfectionism, neurotic perfectionism, and orderliness. The relationship between body satisfaction, self-esteem, and perfectionism in the development of bulimic behaviors was also examined using structural equation modeling. We did not find support for a hypothesized three-way interaction among body satisfaction, self-esteem, and neurotic perfectionism in the development of bulimic behavior. We did find support for a pair of two-way interactions predicting bulimic behaviors. Interactions between body satisfaction and self-esteem and body satisfaction and neurotic perfectionism were predicitve of bulimic symptom development.

Although there has been increased understanding of the dynamics of intense perfectionism and self-criticism, studies need to address more directly the mechanisms or processes through which perfectionism has its ill effects. The present research examined the roles of daily stress, coping, and perceived social support in the relation between two different perfectionism dimensions and distress symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety, negative affect, low positive affect). In two studies, confirmatory factor analysis supported the existence of two perfectionism factors, which were referred to as evaluative concerns perfectionism and personal standards perfectionism. In Study One, university students (136 men; 307 women) completed measures of perfectionism, hassles, coping, perceived social support, depression, and anxiety. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the measurement model used in this study. Structural equation modeling indicated that hassles, avoidant coping, and perceived social support were each unique mediators which together fully explained the strong relation between evaluative concerns perfectionism and distress. Personal standards perfectionism had a unique association with active coping only. Hassles and social support also moderated the relation between both dimensions of perfectionism and distress. Study Two examined daily event appraisals, avoidant coping, and perceived social support as trait mediators in the relation between the evaluative concerns dimension of perfectionism and high negative affect and low positive affect. University students (66 men; 104 women) completed questionnaires at the end of the day for seven consecutive days. Trait influences were found in the daily reports of event appraisals, coping styles, and social support. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the construct validity of the perfectionism and aggregated daily measures. Structural equation modeling indicated that avoidant coping fully explained the relation between

Eating disorders are chronic, disabling illnesses associated with significant mortality rates (Crow et al., 2009). Body dissatisfaction has been demonstrated as a prominent risk factor for adolescent eating disorders. However few studies have examined psychological factors that predict body dissatisfaction. The present study examined maladaptive perfectionism and anxiety as possible risk factors for body dissatisfaction in adolescents with eating disorders and controls. Participants completed measures of body dissatisfaction, maladaptive perfectionism, and anxiety. Results demonstrated that maladaptive perfectionism and anxiety were significantly and positively associated with body dissatisfaction. However, these factors did not interact to predict elevated body dissatisfaction in eating disordered adolescents. These findings suggest that current body image treatments for adolescents with eating disorders and from nonclinical populations may be improved by including a focus on maladaptive perfectionism or anxiety. Future research should endeavour to conduct prospective, longitudinal studies that assess whether risk factors for body dissatisfaction are also causal factors. Finally, it is also important that researchers investigate whether body image treatments that target maladaptive perfectionism or anxiety effectively reduce body dissatisfaction in adolescents with and without eating disorders.