Modern processors incorporate several performance monitoring units, which can be used to count events that occur within different components of the processor. They provide access to information on hardware resource usage and can therefore be used to detect performance bottlenecks. Thus, many performance measurement tools are able to record them complementary to information about the application behavior. However, the exact meaning of the supported hardware events is often incomprehensible due to the system complexity and partially lacking or even inaccurate documentation. For most events it is also not documented whether a certain rate indicates a saturated resource usage. Therefore, it is usually diffcult to draw conclusions on the performance impact from the observed event rates. In this paper, we evaluate whether hardware performance counters can be used to measure the capacity utilization within the memory hierarchy and estimate the impact of memory accesses on the achieved performance. The presented approach is based on a small selection of micro-benchmarks that constantly stress individual components in the memory subsystem, ranging from caches to main memory. These workloads are used to identify hardware performance counters that provide good estimates for the utilization of individual components in the memory hierarchy. However, since access latencies can be interleaved with computing instructions, a high utilization of the memory hierarchy does not necessarily result in low performance. We therefore also investigate which stall counters provide good estimates for the number of cycles that are actually spent waiting for the memory hierarchy.

This essay explores the genre of In-Yer-Face theatre and its representation of women. In-Yer-Face theatre emerged in the 1990s in the UK, characterised by its confrontational style and provocative themes. While the genre is often associated with the portrayal of violence and aggression towards women, this essay explores how In-Yer-Face theatre may also offer a platform for women's stories and experiences. Through an analysis of The Censor, Blasted and the performances of Shopping and fucking and Look back in anger, the essay researches how In-Yer-Face theatre explores traditional gender roles and the ways in which women are often subjected to violence, exploitation, and objectification. The essay will use both a drama analysis and performance analysis of two plays and two performances from the genre to explore different views from the most prominent writers of the genre.Ultimately, this essay argues that In-Yer-Face theatre has an opportunity to offer a powerful and complex representation of women that demands critical engagement and interpretation but in many ways reproduces the societal norms.

In today's digital era, smartphones have evolved into an important part of our daily routine, thereby raising the bar for high-quality applications that deliver premium user experiences. In this landscape, UIKit and SwiftUI have emerged as two noteworthy user interface frameworks in the realm of iOS development, with UIKit having a longstanding foothold and SwiftUI displaying newer declarative coding style. The primary objective of this research was to investigate the performance of SwiftUI against UIKit, given the important role performance plays in shaping user experiences. Our investigative journey involved comparing the frameworks' performance based on parameters such as CPU time and memory usage for common user interface components. Our insights revealed that UIKit held a performance advantage over SwiftUI, generally outperforming it by approximately 25% when the component count was less than 32 and also displaying a consistent trend of lower memory consumption. This difference in performance could be consequential in contexts related to social media applications, where even minor delays can disrupt the user experience. SwiftUI extends advantages like reduced code length, faster development time, real-time previews, and enhanced code readability. Therefore, the decision of choosing between UIKit or SwiftUI should be driven by the particular requirements of the application in question rather than solely focusing on its performance. The study does carry certain limitations, including the absence of exact equivalent components between UIKit and SwiftUI in some scenarios, and a limited set of benchmarked iPhone models. / I dagens digitala era har smartphones utvecklats till en viktig del av vår dagliga rutin, och höjer därigenom ribban för högkvalitativa applikationer som levererar förstklassiga användarupplevelser. I detta landskap har UIKit och SwiftUI dykt upp som två anmärkningsvärda UI-ramverk inom iOS-utvecklingens område, med UIKit som har ett långvarigt fotfäste och SwiftUI visar nyare deklarativ kodningsstil. Det primära syftet med denna forskning var att undersöka prestandan hos SwiftUI mot UIKit, med tanke på den viktiga roll prestanda spelar för att forma användarupplevelser. Vår undersökningsresa innebar att jämföra ramverkens prestanda baserat på parametrar som CPU-tid och minnesanvändning för vanliga UI-komponenter. Våra insikter avslöjade att UIKit hade en prestandafördel gentemot SwiftUI, i allmänhet överträffade den med cirka 25% när komponentantalet var mindre än 32 och visade också en konsekvent trend med lägre minnesförbrukning. Denna skillnad i prestanda kan vara följdriktig i sammanhang relaterade till sociala medieapplikationer, där även mindre förseningar kan störa användarupplevelsen.  SwiftUI utökar fördelar som minskad kodlängd, snabbare utvecklingstid, förhandsvisningar i realtid och förbättrad kodläsbarhet. Därför bör beslutet att välja mellan UIKit eller SwiftUI styras av de särskilda kraven för applikationen i fråga snarare än att enbart fokusera på dess prestanda. Studien har vissa begränsningar, inklusive frånvaron av exakt likvärdiga komponenter mellan UIKit och SwiftUI i vissa scenarier, och en begränsad uppsättning benchmarkerade iPhone-modeller.

The Swift programming language recently introduced the actor model alongside Swift concurrency as a first-class citizen. Previously, concurrent programming in Swift required importing modules, e.g., Grand Central Dispatch. Grand Central Dispatch is a concurrency framework, often used for implementing shared memory concurrency in Swift. In contrast to Grand Central Dispatch, the Swift actor provides implicit mutual exclusion via message passing concurrency and the notion of actor isolation. This thesis evaluates the performance of the Swift actor and Swift concurrency in comparison to thread-safe objects with Grand Central Dispatch. The study assembled a benchmark suite to measure the performance over central bottlenecks (Chameneos), large counts of independent objects (Dining Philosophers), long-living concurrent objects (Dining Philosophers) and massively parallel messaging (Big). The results indicate the lack of a catch-all solution to concurrent programming in Swift. In comparison to Grand Central Dispatch, a system of actors tends to require more memory to finish execution. By upper bounding concurrency in actors, memory use is effectively limited at the cost of possibly longer execution times. In particular, the results were gathered on a macOS computer. With unique implementations of threads in different operating systems, further studies are needed to evaluate Swift concurrency and the Swift actor on other systems and hardware. In addition, further studies may evaluate the risk of congestion at large numbers of concurrent actors. / Programmeringsspråket Swift introducerade nyligen actor-modellen med Swift concurrency som en förstklassig medborgare. Samtidig programmering i Swift krävde importmoduler innan dess, t.ex. Grand Central Dispatch. Grand Central Dispatch är ett ramverk för samtidighet och används ofta för att implementera samtidighet med delat minne i Swift. I kontrast till Grand Central Dispatch tillhandahåller Swift actors implicit ömsesidig uteslutning via message passing och actor-isolering. Detta examensarbete utvärderar prestandan av Swift actors och Swift concurrency i jämförelse med trådsäkra objekt via Grand Central Dispatch. Studien sammanställde en benchmark suite för att mäta prestandan över centrala flaskhalsar (Chameneos), stora antal oberoende objekt (Dining Philosophers), samtidiga objekt med långa liv (Dining Philosophers) och massivt parallella meddelanden (Big). Resultaten indikerar en avsaknad av en fullständig lösning för samtidig programmering i Swift. I jämförelse med Grand Central Dispatch tenderar ett system av Swift actors att använda mer minne för att slutföra exekvering. Med en övre gräns för samtidighet hos actors begränsas minnesanvändningen effektivt med eventuellt längre exekveringstider. Denna studie samlade resultat med en macOS-dator. Med unika implementeringar av trådar i olika operativsystem behövs ytterligare studier för att utvärdera Swift concurrency och Swift actors på andra system och hårdvaror. Dessutom kan ytterligare studier utvärdera risken av trängsel vid stora antal samtidiga actors.

Over recent years, wireless communication systems have been experiencing a dramatic and continuous growth in the number of subscribers, thus placing extra demands on system capacity. At the same time, keeping Quality of Service (QoS) at an acceptable level is a critical concern and a challenge to the wireless network designer. In this sense, performance analysis must be the first step in designing or improving a network. Thus, powerful mathematical tools for analysing most of the performance metrics in the network are required. A good modelling and analysis of the wireless cellular networks will lead to a high level of QoS. In this thesis, different analytical models of various handoff schemes and resource re-allocation in homogeneous and heterogeneous wireless cellular networks are developed and investigated. The sustained increase in users and the request for advanced services are some of the key motivations for considering the designing of Hierarchical Cellular Networks (HCN). In this type of system, calls can be blocked in a microcell flow over to an overlay macrocell. Microcells in the HCN can be replaced by WLANs as this can provide high bandwidth and its users have limited mobility features. Efficient sharing of resources between wireless cellular networks and WLANs will improve the capacity as well as QoS metrics. This thesis first presents an analytical model for priority handoff mechanisms, where new calls and handoff calls are captured by two different traffic arrival processes, respectively. Using this analytical model, the optimised number of channels assigned to II handover calls, with the aim of minimising the drop probability under given network scenarios, has been investigated. Also, an analytical model of a network containing two cells has been developed to measure the different performance parameters for each of the cells in the network, as well as altogether as one network system. Secondly, a new solution is proposed to manage the bandwidth and re-allocate it in a proper way to maintain the QoS for all types of calls. Thirdly, performance models for microcells and macrocells in hierarchical cellular networks have been developed by using a combination of different handoff schemes. Finally, the microcell in HCN is replaced by WLANs and a prioritised vertical handoff scheme in an integrated UMTS/WLAN network has been developed. Simulation experiments have been conducted to validate the accuracy of these analytical models. The models have then been used to investigate the performance of the networks under different scenarios.

The need for optimizing wind farms’ production and maximizing the profitability of projects necessitates power performance analysis. Nowadays, the use of remote sensing devices for this purpose becomes more and more popular due to many advantages this technology has over traditional met masts. The main objective of this study is to assess the performance of a wind turbine in wake and wake-free conditions through measurements performed with a nacelle mounted lidar. The analysis is based on the data obtained during a Power Curve Measurement campaign performed on an onshore wind farm in Sweden. The power production and power curves are compared for a range of wind direction sectors in order to assess turbine performance in different wake conditions. Surprisingly low power output is observed in wake-free sectors [180°, 240°) and [240°, 300°), whereas production in wake wind directions [300°, 360°) is relatively high. The main reason for this is the wind speed distribution, however the terrain complexity and roughness should also be considered as possible factors. Generally, the wind speed distribution seems to have more influence on the results than the wake conditions. Moreover, the correlation between the met mast and lidar datasets is investigated in the study. The results indicate a good agreement between the wind speed measurement from the two devices, however, a poor correlation is found for turbulence intensity and wind shear exponent. Additionally, the influence of turbulence intensity and wind shear on the power production was analyzed. Generally, the results were in line with the reviewed literature: at low and moderate wind speeds the power production was higher for higher TI values, while the opposite was observed for higher wind speeds, where the higher TI resulted in lower production. As for the wind shear, a pattern is observed for moderate wind speeds, where the higher wind shear resulted in lower power production.

Топливо-энергетический комплекс (ТЭК) – это сложноорганизованная система, включающая в себя добычу природных энергоресурсов, их переработку и преобразование в мобильные виды энергии с последующим распределением энергоресурсов между всеми отраслями экономики. ТЭК в настоящее время является одной из важнейших составляющей экономики Российской Федерации, поскольку вносит значительный вклад в национальную безопасность и социально-экономическое развитие страны. Целью данного исследования является развитие методики анализа эффективности деятельности предприятий топливно-энергетического комплекса. В результате исследования были получены следующие результаты: на основе обзора нормативной базы, регламентирующей деятельность ТЭК в РФ, и анализа международного опыта регламентирования деятельности энергетического комплекса сформулированы особенности экономических отношений субъектов электроэнергетики; в результате рассмотрения существующей финансовой стратегии предприятия ТЭК выявлены направления анализа его эффективности деятельности предложена методика анализа эффективности деятельности предприятия ТЭК на основе оценки отдельных его категорий, таких как финансовые результаты или трудовые ресурсы. / The fuel and energy complex (FEC) is a complex system that includes the extraction of natural energy resources, their processing and transformation into mobile types of energy, followed by the distribution of energy resources among all sectors of the economy. The fuel and energy complex is currently one of the most important components of the economy of the Russian Federation, since it makes a significant contribution to the national security and socio-economic development of the country. The aim of this study is to develop a methodology for analyzing the efficiency of the enterprises of the fuel and energy complex. As a result of the study, the following results were obtained: on the basis of a review of the regulatory framework governing the activities of the fuel and energy complex in the Russian Federation, and an analysis of international experience in regulating the activities of the energy complex, the features of economic relations of subjects of the electric power industry are formulated; as a result of consideration of the existing financial strategy of the fuel and energy complex, the directions of analysis of its effectiveness were identified a methodology for analyzing the efficiency of a fuel and energy enterprise based on an assessment of its individual categories, such as financial results or labor resources, is proposed.

Background: Self-driving cars, also known as automated cars are a form of vehicle that can move without a driver or human involvement to control it. They employ numerous pieces of equipment to forecast the car’s navigation, and the car’s path is determined depending on the output of these devices. There are numerous methods available to anticipate the path of self-driving cars. Pedestrian detection is critical for autonomous cars to avoid fatalities and accidents caused by self-driving cars. Objectives: In this research, we focus on the algorithms in machine learning and deep learning to detect pedestrians on the roads. Also, to calculate the most accurate algorithm that can be used in pedestrian detection in automated cars by performing a literature review to select the algorithms. Methods: The methodologies we use are literature review and experimentation, literature review can help us to find efficient algorithms for pedestrian detection in terms of accuracy, computational complexity, etc. After performing the literature review we selected the most efficient algorithms for evaluation and comparison. The second methodology includes experimentation as it evaluates these algorithms under different conditions and scenarios. Through experimentation, we can monitor the different factors that affect the algorithms. Experimentation makes it possible for us to evaluate the algorithms using various metrics such as accuracy and loss which are mainly used to provide a quantitative measure of performance. Results: Based on the literature study, we focused on pedestrian detection deep learning models such as CNN, SSD, and RPN for this thesis project. After evaluating and comparing the algorithms using performance metrics, the outcomes of the experiments demonstrated that RPN was the highest and best-performing algorithm with 95.63% accuracy & loss of 0.0068 followed by SSD with 95.29% accuracy & loss of 0.0142 and CNN with 70.84% accuracy & loss of 0.0622. Conclusions: Among the three deep learning models evaluated for pedestrian identification, the CNN, RPN, and SSD, RPN is the most efficient model with the best performance based on the metrics assessed.

This essay, which is at once a literary critical examination and a theological exploration of the Hebraic scriptural book of Lamentations in relation to ancient Sumerian lament, employs a mixed critical approach (e.g., form, feminist, postmodern, reader response), to address various lyrical, contextual, and thematic elements common to both the biblical Lamentations and the older Sumerian compositions. Specific focus is given to issues of gender and gender-malleability, as well as the notion of "transgression" and the various meanings that may be attached to this word in various contexts, theological or otherwise. Also addressed is the means by which the lament genre reflects/reveals the ways in which individuals and communities attempt to construct meaning, or find solace, in the face of human suffering.

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