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<p>Essän är en reflektion som drivs fram av tvivel, missnöje och förhoppningar. I försöket att svara på frågan: Vad är scenografi? blir essän en beskrivning över hur min kunskap kring teaterscenografi har byggts upp. Den beskriver även min förhoppning av vad scenografen och scenografin kan bidra med i en utveckling av teatern och jag föreslår ett tillvägagångssätt.</p><p>Sven-Åke Heed hänför teatern till de föreställande konsterna och låter mimesis i Aristoteles beskrivning, som en imitation av handlingar ge oss en av förutsättningarna för scenografens arbete. Konsekvenserna av detta framgår i beskrivningen av mitt arbete som scenograf.</p><p>Genom en hermeneutisk rörelse mellan delar och helhet inom både scenografin och scenografens arbetsmiljö och den större helheten teaterförställningen, klarnar bilden och scenografens nödvändiga kunskaper framträder.</p><p>Scenografen använder kunskaper och färdigheter från teoretisk - vetenskaplig kunskap - episteme, även om den inte har en framträdande roll i arbetet. En annan form är, praktisk - produktiv kunskap – techne. Den har en dominerande roll då den förknippas med det synliga estetiska resultatet, vilket är det finala beviset för scenografin. I min framställning hävdar jag dock, att den tredje formen, praktisk klokskap – fronesis, är den som styr de övriga två i arbetet med scenografi. Den är tätt sammanvävd med syfte och mål för föreställningen och berör etik och moral. Den leder scenografens arbete genom att avgöra när mina insatser skall ske, i vilken omfattning och med vilka medel jag genomför mitt arbetet. Fronesis är kunskapen som rytmiserar min process. Jag har utgått från Bengt Gustavsson och hans indelning i tre olika kunskapsformer. Han hänvisar till att hans utgångspunkt är Aristoteles och det som han skriver i Den Nichomakiska etiken</p><p>Med hjälp av Hans-Georg Gadamer och Paul Ricoeur fördjupas min reflektion över dilemman och möjligheter i arbetet kring teaterföreställningen. Regissören och scenografens möte kring föreställningsarbetet undersöks i relation till horisonten och dess sammansmältning.</p>

Essän är en reflektion som drivs fram av tvivel, missnöje och förhoppningar. I försöket att svara på frågan: Vad är scenografi? blir essän en beskrivning över hur min kunskap kring teaterscenografi har byggts upp. Den beskriver även min förhoppning av vad scenografen och scenografin kan bidra med i en utveckling av teatern och jag föreslår ett tillvägagångssätt. Sven-Åke Heed hänför teatern till de föreställande konsterna och låter mimesis i Aristoteles beskrivning, som en imitation av handlingar ge oss en av förutsättningarna för scenografens arbete. Konsekvenserna av detta framgår i beskrivningen av mitt arbete som scenograf. Genom en hermeneutisk rörelse mellan delar och helhet inom både scenografin och scenografens arbetsmiljö och den större helheten teaterförställningen, klarnar bilden och scenografens nödvändiga kunskaper framträder. Scenografen använder kunskaper och färdigheter från teoretisk - vetenskaplig kunskap - episteme, även om den inte har en framträdande roll i arbetet. En annan form är, praktisk - produktiv kunskap – techne. Den har en dominerande roll då den förknippas med det synliga estetiska resultatet, vilket är det finala beviset för scenografin. I min framställning hävdar jag dock, att den tredje formen, praktisk klokskap – fronesis, är den som styr de övriga två i arbetet med scenografi. Den är tätt sammanvävd med syfte och mål för föreställningen och berör etik och moral. Den leder scenografens arbete genom att avgöra när mina insatser skall ske, i vilken omfattning och med vilka medel jag genomför mitt arbetet. Fronesis är kunskapen som rytmiserar min process. Jag har utgått från Bengt Gustavsson och hans indelning i tre olika kunskapsformer. Han hänvisar till att hans utgångspunkt är Aristoteles och det som han skriver i Den Nichomakiska etiken Med hjälp av Hans-Georg Gadamer och Paul Ricoeur fördjupas min reflektion över dilemman och möjligheter i arbetet kring teaterföreställningen. Regissören och scenografens möte kring föreställningsarbetet undersöks i relation till horisonten och dess sammansmältning.

This thesis is a study of race and ethnicity in culture and the arts. It discusses whiteness and racism in ballet and addresses a gap in the literature for both disciplines Ballet and Race and Ethnic Studies. Even if ballet is a privileged art form that for centuries has served statecraft, survived revolutions, and political instability the problem of race in ballet is jeopardizing its validity and acceptance in the contemporary world. I ask if racism in ballet is more than behaviors, if it designates ideology, or if it is a matter of visuality and aesthetics. I do this to provide insight into how race is projected in and through the art form in question. The need to transcend the scope of a single discipline brought me to adopt interdisciplinary research to analyze ballet right at the intersection with crossing perspectives linked to the body, aesthetics, performance, privilege, race, and gender. The thesis shows that ballet gives material expression to whiteness as ideology and is compliant with an exclusive approach to an idea of the body and beauty that presupposes racist attitudes and behaviors. At the institutional level, the experience of ballet is whiteness -unnamed, unmarked, universal. But for those bodies outside the constructs of whiteness, the experience is marked by racism and objective barriers. The study informs that an exclusive discourse of the body, often disguised as aesthetic discourse, translates into limited access to ballet education, body shaming, harassment, and fewer job opportunities. However, ballet is an art form, it is more than whiteness or racism. It creates beauty in the body of the dancer which is both instrument and object of art. Ballet dancers invest their lives learning and performing an art form that some other people cherish, but how come a space of whiteness and racism is perceived as beautiful? The thesis elucidates the importance of this reflection also.

This Master thesis is about Western circus performance styles. It is the aim to describe, compare, and contextualise traits and tendencies of early Western circus performances (EWCP) and contemporary Western circus performances (CWCP) through academic terms. The investigation is centred around the thesis that CWCP have revitalized a suffering and almost dying art form called 'circus' – causing it to reach a new level of social and artistic acceptability in a postmodern world – mainly through the introduction of a significant stylistic feature: Identification. The feeling of a spectator's close emotional association with the action taking place onstage. This feature stands in opposition to the acrobatic skills exposed, and through this implementation, the author therefore claims an exposition of contrasts to occur onstage: The foreign and mysterious combined with the familiar and 'real'. The exposition of superior and seemingly unobtainable physical abilites combined with the exposition of human fragility, flawedness, and inferiority. The spectators' passive observance in awe of an artist flying high and far away combined with spectators' active engagement with an artist staring them closely into the eyes on the ground. The imaginative combined with relatable everyday-like images. Establishing a common ground between artist and audience while at the same time distorting it.  According to the author, the feature of identification has been absent in stylistic expositions of EWCP. This absence is argued to create dichotomous gaps, rather than ties, between sender and receiver as well as between performed images and images linked to 'reality'. The author suggests that these modes were crucial causes of EWCP' decrease in popularity due to the arrival of postmodernism, and that the increasing popularity of CWCP in the later 20th century was due to the elimination of these gaps. The research is done by interweaving 1) historical contextualizations and comparative studies between EWCP and CWCP, 2) discussions of selected circus scholars' literature about circus performances' stylistic developments, 3) the author's embodied experiences with circus performances (ie. as an acrobat in the company Cirque du Soleil), and 4) stylistic analyses of tropes and patterns in selected EWCP and CWCP. Conclusions are reached through the author's constructions of coherence between these aspects. Paula Saukko's eclectic research model has been applied in order to integrate various methodologies. The analyses are based on dance scholar Susan Foster's theory about modes of representations as well as selected rhetorical terms related to stylistics. It is a core aim of this Master thesis to provide studies of circus performances' stylistic executions with more clarifying and adequate terminologies.

Intangible Cultural Heritage is a dynamic presentation of the local community’s cultural authenticity and identity (UNESCO, 2003), differentiating it from other tourist destinations. Authenticity concerns arise in modern tourism studies (MacCannell, 1973), especially in heritage studies with a significant trend on safeguarding the "living culture" after 2003. However, there is little agreement on the notion of authenticity in tourism and a lack of information on how intangible cultural heritage practitioners perceive heritage authenticity, who plays an essential role in transmitting along to future generations the immaterial heritage effectively (Lenzerini, 2011). Furthermore, the dominant tourism settings in both academia and industry have overlooked the voices of local people and heritage practitioners for a long time. Through the lens of Swedish folk dancers in the Skansen Museum, this research here explores how practitioners interpret heritage authenticity during tourism activities and further involves the discussion of the authenticity issues in heritage tourism, the cultural identity of ICH practitioners, and the connotation of authenticity in the field of ICH by using Skansens Folkdanslag as a representative case study. This research is expected to contribute to the understanding of authenticity from the practitioners' perspective and the preservation of intangible cultural heritage during tourism activities.

This dissertation concerns a certain experienced (sub)reality, a reality which emerged from something “in between”, from a confluence of factors - the project Gender on Stage, a particular actor education programme and myself in the role of observer. The project Gender on Stage started as an interdisciplinary study between the National Academy of Mime and Acting in Stockholm and the Department of Theatre Studies and the Department of Nordic Languages at Stockholm University. It was supported by the Swedish Research Council, and its purpose was to investigate gender in actor education. Actor education is situated between traditional theatre history and trends about the future, between aesthetic ideals and a commercial market. In addition, as was described in the outline of the project, actor education must deal with a long history of male dominance. Actor education could be visualised as the epitome of a cultural production of gender, a site where one has to explicitly deal with discourses of body and language, male and female, self and other, memories and emotions, pleasure and desire. I have stressed gender in actor education as being deeply interrelated with the notion of cultural hegemony, historical discourses of acting as well as gender, myths, and unconscious themes. Beside theories of Simone de Beauvoir, Judith Butler, Sue Ellen Case and Julia Kristeva, the study invokes post-structural notions of “present absence” as well as Freud’s ideas on repression in terms of “the uncanny”. Stanislavsky’s theories of fantasy emotion and the Brechtian concepts of Verfremdung and Gestus were likewise taken into consideration. To resolve problems of confidentiality and ethics, I discuss certain significant observations, considering them to be unique situations, but also representative and symbolic acts. In discussing the gender construction, I put myself into play in the role of observer as a certain persona – a kind of converse representative and a “faceted mirror of the invisible”.

The development of musical theatre in china is still in its initial stage, only a few big theatres have the ability of operating musical performance, and at this time, musical theatre is only performed in few big cities in China, like Shanghai and Beijing. The the-sis focuses on the development of musical theatre in Shanghai. As an entertainment ac-tivity and also one of the performing arts, the demand for musical theatre could be affect by many factors like educational background, income and competition from other forms of entertainment activities. There were many previous studies about the performing arts which also focused on the factors like education and income, however, the level of con-tributions of these factors to the development of different forms of performing arts are different. By reviewing related previous literatures and analyzing the data collected from Shanghai Grand Theatre which bases on a meta analysis of previous studies of performing arts, the thesis explores the current situation of the development of the mus-ical performance in Shanghai and studies various factors that affect the demand for musical theatre, as a result, a deeper understanding of how factors like educational background, income, competition among forms of entertainment activities etc. affect the development of musical theatre in Shanghai wish to be provided.

This dissertation treats the choreographic works of Julian Algo (1899-1955), a ballet master in the Royal Opera house in Stockholm 1931-1952, whose experience and education were from Theatertanz, and Swedish dance history about his works. Theoretically it is inspired by post-modern historiography (Jenkins, Munslow, White), queer theory (Sedgwick, Doty, Rosenberg) and research about masculinities in dance (Burt). The first chapter is an introductory survey of Algo’s career in Germany. It shows that in Duisburg Algo was recognized as a choreographer with ballet skills, and like other choreographers within German “Theatertanz” he tried to establish new styles through mixing old ballet and modern dance. The chapter also answers question about reception and about whom Algo cooperated with. The second chapter consists of seven analyses in which I deal with the “gusto” and “playfulness” of Algo’s works in Stockholm 1931-1938. These ballet productions are analysed with focus on the concept of queer and gender, also pointing out their good reception and that they in Stockholm were described as modern. Some of the male characters are suggested to be related to dandyism. The chapter also shows that anti-Semitism and scepticism against foreign influences were expressed in the theatre magazine Scenen [The Stage] and that it is relevant to assume that these articles influenced the development in the Opera house. The third chapter shows that Algo’s ballet productions in the book The Swedish ballet (Rootzén1945) was described from a view of classical ballet’s preferences. Now, in 1945, Algo's choreographies from the 1930 were dismissed as being of mixed-genre and lacking ballet skills. Although this chapter in the book was criticised by contemporary critics, it is obvious that it has been of great influence for authors of ballet history in the 2.nd half of the century.

Denna uppsats handlar om Läskommittéer som är ett initiativ vars syfte är att utveckla elevers inflytande över den repertoar som Riksteatern och länsteatrar arrangerar i Sverige. I förlängningen syftar det till att utveckla en långsiktig, hållbar modell för ökat elevinflytande över den scenkonst som produceras för barn och unga i landet, vilket i sin tur ska bidra till att öka barn och ungdomars självständighet, självkänsla, inflytande och delaktighet. De empiriska studierna har utförts genom observationer samt spontansamtal med såväl barn som teaterpersonal och pedagoger i skolan. Utgångspunkten för uppsatsen har legat i barnkonventionens artiklar, 3, 12 och 31 där barnets rätt till kultur formuleras. En ram för undersökningen är Roger Harts syn på barns delaktighet under demokratiska former. Fokus för studiens empiriska undersökning var att beskriva mötet mellan skola och teater. Studien syftar till att undersöka vad det estetiska perspektivet har för betydelse för skolans kultur samt elevernas liv och lärande i skolan. I mitt material har jag funnit resonemang om delaktighet och demokrati som pekar på att skolan och teatern har olika målbilder i interaktion. I de flesta utvärderingar säger sig informanterna vara positiva till samverkan skola och teater.