Submitted by BERNARDO KURKA DE ALMEIDA (berkurka@hotmail.com) on 2017-04-20T00:02:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida 2016 DESEMPENHO E CARACTERÍSTICAS DE FUNDOS DE INVESTIMENTO.pdf: 1958642 bytes, checksum: cddadc2869adc1146cb51042029fdae4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by GILSON ROCHA MIRANDA (gilson.miranda@fgv.br) on 2017-04-20T12:04:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida 2016 DESEMPENHO E CARACTERÍSTICAS DE FUNDOS DE INVESTIMENTO.pdf: 1958642 bytes, checksum: cddadc2869adc1146cb51042029fdae4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-20T12:31:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida 2016 DESEMPENHO E CARACTERÍSTICAS DE FUNDOS DE INVESTIMENTO.pdf: 1958642 bytes, checksum: cddadc2869adc1146cb51042029fdae4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-13 / This work analyses the performance, characteristics and persistence of Brazilian bond-funds, that received investments from Regimes de Próprios de Previdência Social (BaseRPPS). Their performance was compared with a sample that contains all bond-funds with CVM classification equal to Fixed Income that are not exclusive and not levareged (BaseRF). The study analyses the characteristics that are present among the top and worst performance funds. The efficiency of fund selection utilizing Sharpe Index was also analyzed. Most literature on performance evaluation have involved stock funds or mutual funds and not bond-funds exclusively. Blake, Elton e Gruber (1993) was one of the first works exclusively on bond-funds. In brazil, most of the exclusive bond funds work have explored models to explain funds returns utilizing different indexes, a smaller number of work explore performance and characteristics. Sample BaseRPPS consists in 282 funds and sample BaseRF contains 1338 funds. The performance evaluation was done using Sharpe Index with CDI as a risk-free benchmark. The results are similar to those found by Rocha (2013), Amaral (2013) e Medeiros (2015). The results are compatible with Market Efficiency, on average the funds did not exceed the risk-free index. Funds of the BaseRPPS sample achieved marginally higher performance then BaseRF sample. Fund characteristics such as size, minimum application value, private bonds and inflation indexation presented positive correlation with best performing funds. Fund fees, number of investors in the fund, fund age and fund classification as fund of fund 'FIC' were negative correlated. The fund selection analysis was made using ex-post information. In each year, ten portfolios where created based on the previous year fund characteristic rankings. Portfolio that selected the highest Sharp Index ratio funds was superior then portfolios that selected highest returns or smallest cost fees. The amount of funds persisting with low Sharp Index on the following year was higher than the amount of funds persisting with high Sharpe Index. The amount of fund closing or merging was twice among the funds in the worst performing portfolio than in the funds among the best portfolio. The portfolio witch selected the 10% lowest cost fees, performed better than the risk free index, on avarege 91% of the funds remained in the portfolio on the following year. / O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o desempenho, características e persistência de performance de fundos de investimento em renda fixa investidos por Regimes Próprios de Previdência Social (BaseRPPS). O desempenho foi comparado com uma base que contém todos os fundos classificados na Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM) como Renda Fixa, não exclusivos e não alavancados (BaseRF). Também foi avaliado a eficiência do Índice Sharpe para a seleção de fundos. A maior parte da literatura relacionada a desempenho de fundos é direcionada a fundos de ações ou multimercados. A pesquisa de Blake, Elton e Gruber (1993) foi uma das primeiras que utilizou somente fundos de renda fixa. Entre os trabalhos exclusivos com fundos de renda fixa no Brasil, grande parte explorou a análise de estilo dos retornos, e um menor número analisou a performance e características dos fundos. O primeiro grupo analisado, BaseRPPS, contém 282 fundos e o grupo BaseRF contém 1338. O período analisado foi de 2010 a 2015 inclusive. O desempenho foi avaliado pelo Índice de Sharpe (IS), utilizando o CDI como ativo livre de risco. Através da classificação das observações em grupos de acordo com o decil de performance, foi analisado quais características estão presentes entre os fundos de melhor e pior performance. Os resultados são similares aos encontrados por outros autores, como: Rocha (2013), Amaral (2013) e Medeiros (2015). Esses resultados são compatíveis com a eficiência de mercado. Em média, os fundos não superaram o ativo livre de risco. Fundos do grupo BaseRPPS obtiveram IS marginalmente superior aos fundos do grupo BaseRF. Características como: patrimônio líquido, valor mínimo de aplicação, crédito privado e indexação em índices de inflação apresentaram correlação positiva com o IS. Por sua vez, taxa de administração, quantidade de cotistas, idade do fundo e classificação igual a fundo de investimento em cotas (FIC) apresentaram correlação negativa com o IS. A estratégia de seleção de carteiras de fundos utilizando informações do ano anterior e re-balanceamento após um ano foi testada. A seleção de fundos por maiores valores de IS obteve melhor desempenho do que a seleção por retorno líquido ou taxa de administração. Dentre os fundos com melhores IS, a proporção de fundos que mantiveram o decil de desempenho no ano seguinte foi de 45%, ente fundos de piores IS a proporção foi de 78%. A carteira que selecionou fundos com 10% menores taxas de administração superou o retorno do CDI acumulado no período, a proporção de fundos que se mantiveram na carteira de melhor desempenho no ano seguinte foi de 91%.

Submitted by Oliver Sleczka (oliver.sleczka@student.unisg.ch) on 2017-12-11T13:34:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Performance of Private Equity Funds in Emerging Markets_MPGI Dissertation_2017.pdf: 1511526 bytes, checksum: 5880b1437aa5a15cc2e08f09ac374e4a (MD5) / Rejected by Josineide da Silva Santos Locatelli (josineide.locatelli@fgv.br), reason: Dear Oliver, There are some corrections to do on your thesis, please, see below: The title is different: PERFORMANCE OF PRIVATE EQUITY FUNDS IN EMERGING MARKETS An Empirical Analysis We have: PERFORMANCE OF PRIVATE EQUITY FUNDS IN EMERGING MARKETS - A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Page 2: In “Knowledge Field”, must to be your advisor field: Economia e Finanças Internacionais; Page 4: In “Knowledge Field”, must to be your advisor field: Economia e Finanças Internacionais, in “Approval Date” put your presentation date; Page 5: “ACKNOWLEDGMENT” must to be on the middle of the page; After correction, please, post it again on 2017-12-11T14:24:20Z (GMT) / Submitted by Oliver Sleczka (oliver.sleczka@student.unisg.ch) on 2017-12-11T17:40:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Performance of Private Equity Funds in Emerging Markets_MPGI Dissertation_2017.pdf: 1511283 bytes, checksum: 77cd6246c673012b4ee5c97c532f3274 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josineide da Silva Santos Locatelli (josineide.locatelli@fgv.br) on 2017-12-11T17:46:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Performance of Private Equity Funds in Emerging Markets_MPGI Dissertation_2017.pdf: 1511283 bytes, checksum: 77cd6246c673012b4ee5c97c532f3274 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-11T17:50:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Performance of Private Equity Funds in Emerging Markets_MPGI Dissertation_2017.pdf: 1511283 bytes, checksum: 77cd6246c673012b4ee5c97c532f3274 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / This paper investigates the performance of private equity funds in emerging markets based on data of individual fund level returns from 1995 to 2013 obtained from Preqin. The research focus of this thesis lies on performance drivers and return persistence. The analysis is divided in two parts. The first part investigates the relationship between fund performance and fund characteristics focusing on the GP location, the investment focus, as well as the fund size, sequence number, and GP experience. The key objective is to determine significant emerging market-specific performance factors. Our results suggest that funds with a clear geographic investment focus earn significantly higher returns. The second part aims to find evidence for persistence in the performance of emerging market private equity funds. The findings corroborate the hypothesis that unlike in developed markets, performance persistence still exists in emerging markets. / Esta tese investiga o desempenho de fundos de private equity em mercados emergentes, com base em dados de retorno a nível individual dos fundos de 1995 a 2013, obtidos por meio da base de dados Preqin. O foco de pesquisa desta tese é nos drivers de performance e persistência de retornos. A análise é dividida em duas partes. A primeira parte investiga a relação entre a performance e características do fundo, com foco na localização do administrador (GP), foco do investimento, assim como o tamanho do fundo, número de sequência do fundo, e experiência do GP. O principal objetivo é determinar fatores de performance significativos específicos de mercados emergentes. Os resultados sugerem que fundos com um claro foco geográfico de investimentos obtém retornos significativamente mais altos. A segunda parte visa encontrar evidências de persistência na performance de fundos de private equity de mercados emergentes. Os achados corroboram a hipótese de que, diferentemente de mercados desenvolvidos, persistência de performance ainda existe em mercados emergentes.

Abstract This doctoral thesis aims to contribute to the literature on hedge fund performance in three interrelated essays. The first essay uses a novel database aggregation and a comprehensive analysis of differences between the main commercial databases exploring the effects of different databases on previously documented stylized facts, including the (1) average risk-adjusted performance; (2) the persistence of that performance; (3) and the cross-sectional relation between fund-characteristics and risk-adjusted returns. The main finding is that several previously documented stylized facts about hedge fund performance are sensitive to database selection and associated biases. Differences in conclusions stem from database differences in defunct coverage, survivorship and backfill biases, and the completeness of assets under management information. The second essay examines the effect of frictions on the returns that investors can earn from investing in hedge funds. The study focuses on size and redemption restrictions that are key investment constraints in practice. The size–performance relationship is positive (negative) when past (future) performance is used. The negative size–performance relationship is consistent with theories suggesting a decreasing returns-to-scale in the active management industry. Differences in attrition rates and risk taking as well as the relative importance of management fees and capacity constraints between small and large funds are consistent with an equilibrium in which investors and hedge funds optimally respond to incentives subject to constraints. Performance persistence decreases along with the fund size but concentrated hypothetical Fund-of-Fund portfolios outperform. The third essay examines hedge funds' ability to enhance their performance through leverage. The essay explicitly shows that leverage enhances risk-adjusted performance and risk of investment programs. The main finding is that the average high-leverage fund class underperforms its low-leverage counterpart of the same investment program after their returns are appropriately adjusted to the same level. The finding is consistent with the predictions of leverage aversion theories suggesting that leverage constraints and costs of leverage have a negative impact on risk-adjusted returns. / Tiivistelmä Tämä väitöskirja sisältää kolme artikkelia, joissa tutkitaan hedge-rahastojen menestystä. Ensimmäisessä artikkelissa rakennetaan yhdistelmäaineisto päätietokannoista ja tutkitaan tietokantojen eroavaisuuksien vaikutuksia keskeisiin kirjallisuudessa esitettyihin tutkimustuloksiin hedge-rahastojen riskikorjatun tuoton tasosta ja tuoton pysyvyydestä sekä rahastokohtaisten ominaispiirteiden ja riskikorjatun tuoton välisestä relaatiosta. Tutkimuksessa havaitaan että tutkimusaineiston valinta vaikuttaa merkittävästi aikaisemmassa kirjallisuudessa esitettyihin tutkimustuloksiin. Merkittävimmät erot tutkimustuloksissa eri tietokantojen välillä selittyvät tietokantojen eroavaisuuksissa toimintansa lopettaneiden rahastojen kattavuudessa ja näin ollen eloonjäämis- ja backfilling-harhan tasossa sekä rahastojen markkina-arvoa kuvaavan aineiston määrässä ja laadussa. Toinen artikkeli tarkastelee rajoitteita, joita sijoittajat kohtaavat sijoittaessaan hedge-rahastoihin. Päähuomio on koko- ja lunastusrajoitteissa, jotka ovat käytännössä merkittävimmät rajoitteet hedge-rahastosijoittajalle. Rahastojen markkina-arvon ja riskikorjatun tuoton välillä on negatiivinen (positiivinen) relaatio kun tarkastellaan rahastojen tulevaa (historiallista) menestystä. Tulokset tukevat teoreettisia esityksiä, joiden mukaan rahastojen kasvu heijastuu menestykseen negatiivisesti. Markkina-arvoltaan pienissä rahastoissa on huomattavasti enemmän riskiä kuin markkina-arvoltaan suurissa rahastoissa. Korkeampi riski pienissä rahastoissa lisää tuotto-perusteisten palkkioiden merkitystä palkkiorakenteissa kun taas suurilla rahastoilla on kannustimet maksimoida markkina-arvon mukaan määriteltyjä hallinnointipalkkioita. Tulokset tukevat talousteoriaa, jonka mukaan riski ja tuoton taso pienevät rahastojen markkina-arvojen kasvaessa. Tuoton pysyvyys pienenee rahaston markkina-arvon kasvaessa. Kuitenkin hypoteettiset rahastot, jotka on hajautettu aikaisempiin menestyjiin keskeiset sijoittajien rajoitteet huomioiden, menestyvät riskikorjatusti. Kolmannessa artikkelissa tutkitaan hedge-rahastojen kykyä lisätä riskikorjatun tuoton tasoa velkavivun avulla. Velkavivun käyttö kasvattaa sijoitusstrategian tuoton ja riskin tasoa alhaisemman velkatason osuuslajeihin verrattuna. Päätuloksena havaitaan, että tyypillinen sijoitusstrategian korkean velkatason osuuslajin tuoton taso on merkittävästi alhaisempi matalan velkatason osuuslajiin nähden kun molempien osuuslajien tuottoaikasarjat ovat asetettu samalle tasolle. Talousteoriaa ennustaa, että sijoittajien rajoitteet käyttää velkavipua ja velkavivun käyttöön liittyvät kustannukset heijastuvat salkun tuoton tasoon negatiivisesti.