Tez (Tıpta Uzmanlık) - Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, İç Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, 2003. / Kaynakça var.

Thesis (Ph.D. in Microbiology) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2008. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-132). Free to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;

Η μακροπρόθεσμη έκθεση της περιτοναϊκής μεμβράνης σε μη βιοσυμβατά περιτοναϊκά διαλύματα οδηγεί σε δομικές αλλαγές και στην απώλεια της υπερδιήθησης. Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι να περιγράψουμε τις ιστολογικές αλλαγές της περιτοναϊκής μεμβράνης που παρατηρούνται: α) σε ουραιμικούς ασθενείς που ξεκινούν θεραπεία υποκατάστασης της νεφρικής λειτουργίας με περιτοναϊκή κάθαρση και β) σε ασθενείς που ήδη υποβάλλονται στη μέθοδο για ικανό χρονικό διάστημα. Επίσης να καθορίσουμε κατά πόσο οι μορφολογικές αυτές αλλαγές επηρεάζουν τα λειτουργικά χαρακτηριστικά του περιτοναίου. Μέθοδος: Στη μελέτη περιλήφθηκαν 19 ασθενείς (ομάδα Α) οι οποίοι υποβλήθηκαν σε βιοψία περιτοναίου κατά την τοποθέτηση του περιτοναϊκού καθετήρα και πριν την έναρξη της περιτοναϊκής κάθαρσης (CAPD) και 18 ασθενείς οι οποίοι υποβλήθηκαν σε βιοψία περιτοναίου μετά από 4 χρόνια σε CAPD (ομάδα Β). Οι ιστολογικές παράμετροι που ελέχθησαν ήταν η μεσοθηλιακή επιφάνεια, η υπομεσοθηλιακή ζώνη, η κατάσταση του συνδετικού ιστού και η κατάσταση των αγγείων. Για την εκτίμηση των λειτουργικών χαρακτηριστικών του περιτοναίου και της επάρκειας της μεθόδου εφαρμόσθηκαν η δοκιμασία εξισορρόπησης της περιτοναϊκής μεμβράνης (PET), η συνολική εβδομαδιαία κάθαρση κρεατινίνης (wClcr) και το συνολικό εβδομαδιαίο KT/V της ουρίας (wKT/V). Αποτελέσματα: Οι κύριες ιστολογικές αλλαγές και στις δύο ομάδες ασθενών ήταν η απώλεια των μεσοθηλιακών κυττάρων, η πάχυνση της υπομεσοθηλιακής ζώνης και η υαλίνωση των αγγείων. Το πάχος της υπομεσοθηλιακής ζώνης και στις δύο ομάδες ασθενών ήταν σημαντικά υψηλότερο έναντι φυσιολογικών μαρτύρων (630μm και 1140μm vs. 50μm αντίστοιχα, p <0.05). Αν και δε βρέθηκε σημαντική διαφορά μεταξύ των μορφολογικών αλλαγών του περιτοναίου στους ασθενείς της ομάδας Α και στους ασθενείς της ομάδας Β, υπήρξε μια τάση για σοβαρότερου βαθμού βλάβες στους τελευταίους. Το PET, η wClcr και το wKT/V δεν παρουσίασαν στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές στις δύο ομάδες ασθενών, ούτε στους ασθενείς της ομάδας Β κατά την έναρξη και μετά από 4 χρόνια εφαρμογής της μεθόδου. Κανένας σημαντικός συσχετισμός δεν παρατηρήθηκε μεταξύ των ιστολογικών αλλαγών και των λειτουργικών δοκιμασιών και στις δύο ομάδες ασθενών. Συμπεράσματα: Σημαντικές δομικές αλλαγές του περιτοναίου παρατηρούνται στους ουραιμικούς ασθενείς και αυτές οι αλλαγές επιδεινώνονται με την εφαρμογή της CAPD. Οι δομικές αυτές αλλαγές δεν ακολουθούνται από λειτουργικές αλλαγές κατά τη διάρκεια των πρώτων τεσσάρων ετών σε CAPD. / The long-term exposure of peritoneal membrane to bioincompatible dialysis solutions leads to structural changes and loss of ultrafiltration capability. Objective: The aim of the present study is to describe the histological changes of peritoneum that are observed: a) in uremic patients and b) in patients that are in peritoneal dialysis for a period of time. Also to determine the possible relation of histological changes with the transport characteristics of peritoneal membrane and with adequacy of dialysis. Method: Thirty nine patients (M/F=18/19) that underwent a peritoneal biopsy in the initiation of treatment (group A, N=19) or after 4 years in continous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) (group B, N=18) were included in the study. The morphological changes of mesothelial cells and vascular compartment as well as the thickness of submesothelial collagenous zone were estimated. The relations of these changes to peritoneal equilibration test (PET) and to adequacy of dialysis (total weekly creatinine clearance (wClcr) and urea KT/V) were also investigated. Results: The main histological changes in both groups of patients were loss of mesothelial cells and decrease of normal mesothelial surface, thickening of submesothelial collagenous zone and presence of vascular hyalinosis. The thickness of submesothelial collagenous zone in both groups of patients was significantly higher compared to that of controls (630μm and 1140μm vs.50 μm respectively, p <0.05). Although no significant difference was found between morphologic changes of peritoneal membrane in uremic patients starting on CAPD and those on peritoneal dialysis for a mean period of 4 years, there was a trend towards more severe lesions in the latter. The PET, Clcr and urea KT/V were not significantly different in the two groups of patients. These parameters also showed no significant changes when examined in the initiation of CAPD and after four years in peritoneal dialysis in the same patients (group B). No significant correlations were observed between histological changes and PET, Clcr and KT/V in both groups of patients. Conclusions: Significant structural changes of peritoneal membrane are observed in uremic patients and these changes are deteriorated with CAPD treatment. Structural changes are not followed by functional changes during the first four years on CAPD.

Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor / Determina la calidad de vida de los pacientes adultos en tratamiento de hemodiálisis y diálisis peritoneal. Con el propósito de proporcionar información actualizada y relevante a las autoridades del servicio de nefrología que permita incentivar la planificación y ejecución de estrategias dirigidas a mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente, mejorar la adherencia al tratamiento y fortalecer la función cuidadora del profesional de enfermería. El estudio es de nivel aplicativo, tipo cuantitativo, método descriptivo de corte transversal; la población está conformada por 38 pacientes adultos. La técnica es la encuesta y el instrumento la encuesta KDQOL™-36, el cual es aplicado previo consentimiento informado. Concluye que la mayoría tienen una calidad de vida regular; sin embargo, un 26%(10) es deficiente ya que el dolor ha modificado su vida diaria, tiene limitaciones en el trabajo, viajes y en actividades cotidianas como caminar, barrer, mover una mesa o subir escalones; han sentido desánimo, tristeza, se consideran una carga para la familia, tienen problemas en la actividad sexual, restricciones en la ingesta de líquidos, alimentos de la dieta y sienten mucha dependencia. / Trabajo académico

A endometriose é uma doença ginecológica crônica que afeta pelo menos 10% das mulheres em idade reprodutiva. É caracterizada pelo crescimento de tecido endometrial fora da cavidade uterina. Embora sua etiologia permaneça controversa, estudos propõem que alterações imunológicas e inflamatórias estão correlacionadas com a causa da endometriose e podem contribuir para o crescimento e sobrevida de implantes ectópicos. Como parte integrante desse processo, um microambiente peritoneal anormal pode ser constituído por níveis aumentados de células imunológicas. Dentre estas, a elevação de citocinas pró-inflamatórias no ambiente peritoneal e sistêmico participariam desse processo. Citocinas incluindo a interleucina-6 (IL-6), uma glicoproteína com atuação na resposta imune e considerada como um marcador de inflamação tem sido proposta na patogênese da endometriose. Recentemente, demonstramos que as concentrações de IL-6 no fluído peritoneal (FP) apresentam-se elevadas em mulheres com endometriose em comparação com mulheres hígidas (Andrade et al., 2017, in press). No entanto, a fonte do aumento de IL-6 no FP ainda não foi totalmente elucidada e seu potencial envolvimento com a endometriose merece maior investigação. No presente estudo, avaliamos a expressão proteica de IL-6 no tecido endometrial e sua concentração no FP de mulheres com endometriose pélvica e comparamos com mulheres hígidas. Um total de 18 pacientes com endometriose e 12 mulheres com pelve normal foram incluídas neste estudo caso-controle. Foram realizadas avaliações clínicas e laboratoriais. Os níveis de IL-6 no FP e a expressão proteica no tecido endometrial foram determinados utilizando ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) e imuno-histoquímica respectivamente. A concentração de IL-6 no FP foi significativamente mais elevada no grupo endometriose em comparação com o grupo controle [48,2 (36,7 - 89,9) ng/ml versus 23,1 (11,8 - 35,3) ng/ml, P = 0,002]. A expressão proteica de IL-6 foi positiva na maior parte das amostras de ambos os grupos sendo significativamente mais intensa no tecido endometriótico em comparação com a expressão no endométrio de mulheres com pelve normal (P < 0,05). Os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que a fonte da IL6 no FP de pacientes com endometriose possa ser, pelo menos em parte, proveniente dos focos endometrióticos. / Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disease that affects at least 10% of women of reproductive age. It is characterized by growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Although its etiology remains controversial, studies suggest that immunological and inflammatory changes are associated with endometriosis and may contribute to the growth and survival of ectopic implants. As part of this process, an abnormal peritoneal microenvironment may be constituted by increased levels of immune cells. Among these, the elevation of proinflammatory cytokines in the peritoneal and systemic environment would participate in this process. Cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), a glycoprotein that acts on the immune response and is considered as a marker of inflammation has been proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Recently, we have shown that IL-6 concentrations in the peritoneal fluid (PF) were higher in women with endometriosis compared to healthy women (Andrade et al., 2017, in press). However, the source of IL-6 in PF has not yet been fully elucidated and its potential involvement with endometriosis warrants further investigation. In the present study, we evaluated the protein expression of IL-6 in endometrial tissue and its concentration in PF of women with pelvic endometriosis and compared them with healthy women. A total of 18 patients with endometriosis and 12 women with normal pelvis were included in this case-control study. Clinical and laboratory evaluations were performed. IL-6 levels in PF and protein expression in endometrial tissue were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry respectively. The concentrations of IL-6 in PF were significantly higher in the endometriosis group compared to the control group [48.2 (36.7-89.9) ng / ml versus 23.1 (11.8-35, 3) ng / ml, P = 0.002]. Protein expression of IL-6 was positive in most samples from both groups being significantly more intense in the endometriotic tissue of patients with endometriosis compared to the endometrial expression in women with normal pelvis (P < 0.05). The results of the present study suggest that the source of IL6 in the PF of patients with endometriosis may come, at least in part, from the endometriotic focus.

Peritoneal dialysis is one of the possibilities of the chronic renal failure treatment. Its advantage is that the patient is treated alone in his home environment. The main indication of this method is the inability to secure vascular access for hemodialysis. Contraindications include damage to the peritoneum and adhesions in the abdominal cavity. The principle of the method is the exchange of solutes between blood and dialysis solution filled into the peritoneal cavity. Timely and proper education by the nurse is the most important precondition for successful treatment with peritoneal dialysis. The thesis is focused on the role of nurses in the education of patients with peritoneal dialysis. It deals mainly with issues of patient education in connection with the occurrence of complications during their treatment. The first section describes the problems of peritoneal dialysis, including technical aspects, complications and their treatment. Furthermore, the attention is focused on the automated peritoneal dialysis, which takes place mostly at night and therefore the patient has more time to care about his normal daily activities. The second section of the theoretical part is devoted to education. The first target of the research was the examination of the effect of educational activities on the occurence of complications. Before starting treatment, patients have always been educated about the issues of this kond of treatment. The informative materials about the treatment and its related complications were also provided. Some of them did look up the information on the internet, and they discussed it further with the nurse. All of the respondents were able to name and describe the symptoms of complications occurring at the beginning and during the therapy. The second goal was to compare awareness among patients with frequent complications compared to those with the least complications. We did not find any benchmark to determine, whether the inconvenience was caused y the degree of unawareness of the patients, or their attitude to the treatment. The discussion will reflect on the question, which errors did subsequently led to the complications. The third objective was to compare the incidence of complications on patients with APD compared to patients on CAPD. With CAPD, the patient opens and closes the transfer set at least 4 times a day, thereby increasing the risk of infection through the peritoneal catheter. The research shows that among respondents undergoing the APD treatment method, the number of complications is lower. It is not possible to determine, whether the numer of complications on APD is lower due to minimal use of the peritoneal catheter, or because some patients on CAPD have already suffered the complications and have been instructed to approach the APD more responsibly. The empirical part of the thesis is presented by a qualitative research. The survey was carried out in the form of non-standardized interview based on prepared questions, which were extended during interviews. The research group consists of ten patients from dialysis clinics in Tabor, Ceske Budejovice and Jindrichuv Hradec. The patients on CAPD and APD were of different ages and with different duration of treatment. Peritoneal dialysis is the elimination method of replacing the kidneys function, and it is performed by the patient himself, in their own social environment. A prerequisite for successful treatment is high-quality patient education, which is mainly provided by the nurse. This introductory education continues with ongoing reeducation. The results of this thesis may be used as the basis for further research. They can also be used as study material for students of nursing fields. Created brochure can help the patients to decide, how to select the treatment method, or mastering the problems of this treatment.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, 2011 / Inclui bibliografias / A diálise peritoneal é uma terapia de substituição renal que apresenta resultados equivalentes à hemodiálise. Apesar dos avanços tecnológicos ocorridos até hoje, as taxas de mortalidade permanecem extremamente elevadas nos doentes renais crônicos terminai / Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a renal replacement therapy, which presents similar mortality rates when compared to hemodialysis. Despite the development of new techniques and devices over the past decades, mortality rates remains extremely high in patients

Dissertação (Mestrado) - Pontificícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, 2009. / Inclui bibliografias / Introdução: As alterações do estado nutricional tem sido descritas como importantes preditores de mortalidade em pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC). No entanto, a associação de vários marcadores do estado nutricional com a mortalidade de pacientes c / Introduction: Alterations in nutritional status have been described as important predictors of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the association of multiple markers of nutritional status with mortality of CKD patients on pe

Dissertação (mestrado) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, 2005 / Inclui bibliografia / A Insuficiência Renal Crônica (IRC) representa uma alteração estrutural renal que implica na redução ou limitação da capacidade de filtração glomerular dos rins. O tratamento da IRC inclui semanalmente a hemodiálise ou diálise peritoneal substituindo a fi

Dissertação (mestrado) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, 2009 / Bibliografia: f. 32-34 / A doença renal crônica (DRC) consiste em lesão renal e perda progressiva e irreversível da função dos rins (glomerular, tubular e endócrina), constituindo hoje, um importante problema a nível clínico e de saúde pública (1). Em 2002, a National Kidney Foun