Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar e discutir, a partir da Psicanálise, os fundamentos da constituição da corporeidade. Além disso, pretende-se enfatizar o paradoxo como sua característica marcante: ela é psíquica e somática, intrapsíquica e intersubjetiva. É feita uma analogia entre a corporeidade e a figura de uma casa, ressaltando, novamente o elemento paradoxal: a casa é espaço de recolhimento e, simultaneamente, de abertura ao outro, ao mundo. O processo de personalização, descrito por Donald Winnicott, será aqui concebido como o paradigma da constituição da corporeidade, representado pela imagem do bebê no colo da mãe: sustentado no cuidado dela, o bebê pode elaborar imaginativamente o corpo e suas funções. O resultado disto é o sentimento de habitar o próprio corpo, marcado pela presença do outro. De acordo com Winnicott, a personalização não é algo dado, mas uma conquista do desenvolvimento emocional primitivo. Se este processo não se der de maneira satisfatória, haverá um prejuízo em relação ao estabelecimento da morada no corpo e também na relação do indivíduo com o mundo. A complementaridade fundamental entre o indivíduo e seu meio será ampliada da relação entre mãe e bebê para a relação entre indivíduo e cultura, a fim de examinar certos aspectos do contexto sócio-político na atualidade articulando-os às suas implicações no âmbito dos processos de subjetivação / The aim of this study is to investigate and discuss, from a psychoanalytical perspective, the fundamentals of the constitution of embodiement. Moreover, it intends to emphasize paradox as its hallmark: it is both psychic and somatic, intrapsychic and intersubjective. The study makes an analogy between embodiement and home, emphasizing again the paradoxical aspect: home is at the same time a place of refuge and of opening to others, to the world. The personalization process, described by Donald Winnicott, is understood here as a paradigm of the constitution of embodiement, represented by the image of a baby in its mothers lap: sustained in her care, the baby may imaginatively develop the body and its functions. The result is the feeling of inhabiting the body, marked by the presence of another. According to Winnicott, personalization is not a given, but an achievement of the primitive emocional development. If this process does not occur satisfactorily, there will be a loss in establishing the inhabiting of the body and also in the individuals relationship with the world. This study will expand the fundamental complementarity between the individual and their environment from the mother-baby relationship, to the relationship between the individual and their culture, in order to examine certain aspects of the current socio-political context, articulating them to their implications in view of subjectivation processes

There has been a digital transformation of the political public sphere. The political conversation is now taking place on multiple social media platforms and information is filtered through a new kind of gatekeeper, the influencer. The aim of this thesis is to describe how the public political conversation is framed in the Youtube-series Partitempen, and if deliberative discussion is taking place in the comment section. And whether the deliberative discussion is derived from the conversation in Partitempen or not. To answer the research questions two methods are used. A deductive qualiative tematic analysis, which applies the theory personlization of politics on the conversation between party leader and influencer in Partitempen. As well a content analysis based on the concept of deliberative discussion is used to research the comment section. To conclude, the conversation in Partitempen is framed around the themes in described in personalization of politics. New dimensions between themes appear by using the qualitative resarch approach. One of them is ’the role of the party leader’ which focuses on the change of private life when beeing a party leader. The other is that the ’private life is used as a benchmark for the party leaders’ own political stand. The result from the content analysis show that deliberative discussion is taking place in the comment section. The most common topic is substansive questions reagarding politics, and that those often derives from the conversation in Partitempen.

A internet introduziu uma nova economia a economia da era digital, em que todos os consumidores e empresas estão em rede. A economia tradicional foi fragmentada, convertendo cada vez mais os mercados de massa em mercados de nicho. E os impactos destas transformações podem ser sentidos nas estruturas organizacionais, no ambiente econômico e nas relações entre as pessoas. Diante destas transformações, as empresas têm repensado os seus modelos de negócios e suas estratégias competitivas. No centro destas transformações se encontra o cliente, antes visto como passivo, hoje é considerado um recurso e competência da companhia. Para atender a este novo fator, a estratégia de personalização tem sido adotada pelas companhias. A personalização visa atender à necessidade dos clientes de personalizar não apenas o produto fisicamente, mas a sua experiência no momento da compra. É neste contexto que este trabalho é desenvolvido, com o objetivo de buscar um melhor entendimento de como a Tecnologia da Informação tem impactado e influenciado os fatores que habilitam a estratégia de personalização. Para atingir o objetivo, inicialmente foi feita uma ampla pesquisa bibliografia para identificar os fatores que influenciam a personalização. Em seguida, através da abordagem de estudos de caso múltiplos foi investigado se estes fatores ocorriam empiricamente e como eles ocorriam. Os resultados encontrados permitiram identificar divergências e concordâncias nas afirmações encontradas na literatura, que ao final fornecem refinamento e a necessidade de uma maior reflexão sobre os fatores que tem influenciado e direcionado a personalização. / The internet introduced a new economy the economy in the digital era, in which all the consumers and the companies are connected. The traditional economy was fragmented, converting the mass markets into niche markets. And these changes are impacting the organizational structures, the economic environment and the human relations. To cope with these transformations, companies have to rethink their business models and their competitive strategies. In the middle of these transformations is the customer, former seeing as passive, now is considered a company resource and a competence to pursue. In order to attend to this new factor, the personalization strategy has being adopted by the companies. The personalization\'s goal is to attend the customer\'s need for personalization, not only physically modifying the product, but creating their own experience in the buying process. This is the context where this research occurs, with the objective of achieving a better understanding about how the Information Technology impacts and influences the personalization strategy enablers. In order to achieve the objective, a broad literature research was initially made to identify the personalization influencing factors. Following, through a multiple case study approach, it was investigated if these factors could be found empirically and how they were occurring. The results allowed the identification of divergences and concordances in the facts found in literature that ultimately provides theory refinement and the necessity of a deeper reflection about the factors that are influencing and driving the personalization.

O desenvolvimento de conteúdos educacionais e a adoção de mecanismos de modelagem representam fatores importantes a serem considerados no contexto de ensino e aprendizagem. Nesse cenário, a utilização de ontologias proporciona vantagens tais como definção formal do conhecimento, reusabilidade e interoperabilidade de informações. Além disso, facilidades como recuperação dos objetos de aprendizagem, reúso do conteúdo de aprendizagem e personalização do conteúdo a partir do desempenho do usuário também são observadas. Diante disso, diversas aplicações com base em ontologias têm sido utilizadas tanto para modelar domínios educacionais como para construir, organizar e atualizar objetos de aprendizagem e perfis de aluno. Ainda, associado ao uso de ontologias em sistemas educacionais, verifica-se um crescente interesse na construção da personalização do conteúdo, de acordo com as preferências e características do usuário envolvendo a utilização de ontologias. O presente projeto está inserido nesse contexto, em que um conjunto de ontologias foi desenvolvido para prover a personalização do conteúdo, com base no perfil do usuário. Foi construído um exemplo na ontologia global (que compõe o conjunto de ontologias), em que o domínio de análise de ponto de função foi instanciado para três usuários com diferentes níveis de conhecimento. A ideia é elicitar a granularidade distinta do conteúdo para cada usuário, em conformidade com suas preferências e nível de conhecimento no domínio, a partir das relações e das inferências estabelecidas nas ontologias / The development of didactic material and adoption of modeling mechanisms represent important factors to be considered in the context teaching and learning. In this scenario, the use of ontologies provides advantages such as a formal definition of knowledge, reusability and interoperability of information. Moreover, facilities such as retrieval of learning objects, learning content reuse and customization of content from the user\'s performance are also observed. Therefore, several applications based on ontologies have been used to model so educational domains and to build, organize and update learning objects and student profiles. Also associated with the use of ontologies educational systems, there is an increasing interest in the personalization of the content, according to the user preferences and characteristics, involving the use of ontologies. This project is inserted in this context, where a set of ontologies was developed to provide the personalization of content based on user profile. We constructed an example in the ontology global (which defines the set of ontologies) in the domain of function point analysis was instantiated to three users with different levels of knowledge. The idea is to elicit the distinct granularity of the content for each learner, in accordance with their preferences and level of knowledge in the domain, from the relationships and inferences in the ontologies

A fim de refletirmos sobre as condições de produção na contemporaneidade, propomos discussões e análises em torno do funcionamento dos recursos de personalização de conteúdos na Internet que impõem filtros aos usuários. Para isso, mobilizamos a teoria de Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, sobretudo a partir dos trabalhos de Michel Pêcheux. Delimitamos a observação do funcionamento de tais recursos no mecanismo de busca do Google, uma vez que ele representa uma das maiores corporações na Internet e detém a maior parte do mercado de buscas. A partir dessa delimitação, selecionamos o corpus de análise oriundo da política de privacidade do buscador, de definições dadas pela empresa sobre o funcionamento de tais recursos e de relatos sobre esse funcionamento postados por usuários e disseminados na rede. Acreditamos que a análise do funcionamento dessas técnicas nos dizem sobre as condições de produção do discurso na contemporaneidade, bem como das materialidades discursivas que lhes são peculiares, compreendendo que é pela influência materialista que se chega, na Análise do Discurso, a noção de materialidade discursiva. Temos, dessa forma, contemplada uma discussão sobre história, sujeito e língua que fundamenta o funcionamento da ideologia. Ainda nesse ínterim, propomos pensar o discurso ressaltando o que concerne à memória, bem como as questões que decorrem ao considerarmos seu funcionamento perpassado pelas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC\'s), o que nos move a refletir sobre o discurso eletrônico e a memória metálica. Tudo isso nos mostra os efeitos discursivos dos filtros que giram em torno do controle na rede, característica que tem marcado as relações de poder no cenário atual. / Aiming to reflect on the conditions of production in contemporary society, we propose discussions and analysis about the functioning of the contents customization features on the Internet that that imposes filters to users. For that, we mobilize the Discourse Analysis Theory of French orientation, especially from Michel Pêcheux. We delimited the observation of the functioning of such features in the Google search engine, once it is one of the largest corporations on the Internet and holds most of the search market. From this definition, we selected the corpus of analysis derived from the privacy policy of the search engine, the definitions given by the company on the operation of such resources and comments about this functioning posted by users in specialized forums. We believe that the observation of the functioning of such techniques tell us about the discourse production conditions in contemporary society, as well as the discursive materiality that are peculiar, understanding that it is the materialistic influence that comes the notion of discursive materiality in Discourse Analysis. We thereby contemplated a discussion of history, subject and language that underpins the functioning of ideology. Yet in the interim, we propose to think the discourse emphasizing that concerns the memory, as well as issues that derive when considering its operation permeated by Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), which moves us to reflect on the electronic discourse and the metal memory. All this shows the discursive effects of filters that revolve around the control of on the network, a feature that has characterized relations of power in the current scenario.

Ce travail analyse les processus de personnalisation dans les trajectoires de 23 danseurs improvisateurs, dans une approche psychologique. La danse improvisée est associée à un partage intersubjectif (Bigé, 2015) et à un état d’écoute (Guisgand, 2006) : le développement de cette écoute est ici étudié. Ses dimensions d’incertitude (Azaïs, Bachir-Loopuyt & Saint-Germier, 2010) et de recherche de liberté (Kintzler, 2006) associent l’improvisation à une pratique personnalisante, en référence aux théorisations de ce processus (Malrieu, 1979 ; 1994 ; 1995 ; Baubion-Broye, Dupuy & Prêteur, 2013). Des entretiens semi-directifs sont menés ainsi que des analyses thématique et par catégories conceptualisantes (Paillé & Mucchielli, 2012). Nous avons mis en exergue des tensions, des activités de signification et des réorganisations psychologiques et physiques dans les parcours de ces improvisateurs. Leur réflexivité vis-à-vis de leur pratique pousse ces danseurs à des prises de conscience et des analyses critiques : certains ne veulent plus répéter des mouvements ni improviser sans objectif. L’improvisation leur permet alors, par sa dimension de création, de se singulariser. Certains d’entre eux rencontrent des doutes sur leur capacité ou celle des autres à communiquer, à se connecter aux autres. Ils donnent alors à leur pratique de la danse des sens nouveaux : se lier aux autres, aider et coopérer. Créer dans l’instant les centre sur leur corps au moment présent et coopérer favorise l’écoute : ceci consolide la conscience de soi. Le fait de créer leurs propres mouvements et de dépasser ce qu’ils ont appris nourrit leurs besoins de dépassement et de liberté. Improviser permet donc à ces danseurs de se singulariser et de prendre conscience d’eux-mêmes : c’est une pratique personnalisante qui participe à la construction de soi. / The present study aims to analyse personalization processes in the trajectories of 23 improvisational dancers. Improvised dance refers to intersubjective sharing (Bigé, 2015) and listening state (Guisgand, 2006): the development of this listening is studied here. Through its dimensions of uncertainty (Azaïs, Bachir-Loopuyt & Saint-Germier, 2010) and quest for freedom (Kintzler, 2006), improvisation combines with a personalization practice in reference to the theorizations of this process (Malrieu, 1979, 1994, 1995; Baubion-Broye, Dupuy & Prêteur, 2013). Semi-structured interviews were conducted. Two types of results analysis were used: thematic and through conceptualizing categories (Paillé & Mucchielli, 2012). These results highlight tensions, meaning activities and psychological reorganizations. Becoming aware of formatting, these dancers critically analyse their practises, in order not to repeat learned movements neither improvise without precise goal. The rejection of standard movements leads them to stand out through a personalizing process of creation. Some of them doubt about their ability or the ability of others to communicate, to interconnect. Those of them who are concerned with the lack of communication are trying to bring closer to others through danced improvisation : they cooperate. Cooperation makes them improve their listening and create spontaneously makes them centered on their bodies, which tends to consolidate their self-awareness. Creating their own movements and going beyond what they have learned feeds their need for overtaking and freedom.Through these processes of self-awareness and singularization, they personalize and build themselves.

Les systèmes de recommandation sont des outils servant à suggérer aux utilisateurs des items pouvant les intéresser. De tels systèmes requièrent la définition d'un algorithme prenant en compte le domaine d'application. Cet algorithme est ensuite exécuté pour chaque utilisateur du système afin de lui générer des recommandations, et ce, sans prendre en compte ses particularités et ses besoins spécifiques.L'objet de cette thèse consiste à proposer une nouvelle approche de recommandation hybride combinant plusieurs algorithmes de recommandation afin d'obtenir une recommandation plus précise. De plus, l'approche proposée repose sur la structure de l'ontologie donnée en entrée du système, ce qui la rend réutilisable, facilement adaptable et applicable à tous les domaines (musique, publications scientifiques, films, etc.).Nous nous sommes également intéressées à la détection du type de recommandations auxquelles l'utilisateur répond le mieux afin d'adapter le processus de recommandation à chaque catégorie d'utilisateur et d'obtenir des recommandations plus ciblées. Notre approche de recommandation permet également d'expliquer les recommandations obtenues, ce qui permet d'augmenter la confiance de l'utilisateur vis-à-vis du système en lui prouvant que ses recommandations lui sont personnellement destinées et de lui donner la possibilité de corriger les explications, ce qui améliore la connaissance de l'utilisateur par le système et aide à écarter les futures recommandations non pertinentes.Le système de recommandation défini a été expérimenté hors-ligne à l'aide d'une validation croisée sur le dataset de MovieLens et en ligne avec de vrais utilisateurs. Les résultats obtenus sont très satisfaisants. / Recommender systems are tools used to present users with items that might interest them. Such systems use algorithms that rely on the domain application. These algorithms are then executed for each user in order to find the most relevant recommendations for him, without taking into account his specific needs.In this thesis, we define a hybrid recommender system which combines several recommendation algorithms in order to obtain more accurate recommendations. Moreover, the defined approach relies on the structure of the input ontology, which makes the framework reusable, adaptable and domain-independent (music, research papers, films, etc.).We also had an interest in detecting in which kind of recommendations a user responds better in order to adapt the recommendation process to each user category and obtain more targeted recommendations. Finally, our approach can explain each recommendation, which increases the user confidence in the system by proving him that the recommendations are adapted to him. We also allow the user to correct the explanations in order to help the system to get a better understanding of him and avoid non accurate recommendations in the future.Our recommender system has been experimented online with real users and offline by performing a cross-validation on the MovieLens dataset. The results of the experimentation are very satisfying so far.

Communication trough documents have become a key element in every company?s life, communication channels expanded to include not just print but fax, web and email. Marketing and market studies repeatedly show that personalized documents (delivered through these channels) can positively influence customer relationship hereby help to achieve business success. For IT companies these changes created an exciting new opportunity to develop new solutions and offer new services. There are several companies on the market of personalized document creation which offering high quality product and services. Therefore it might not be easy to make the right choice, to find the most fitting solution and the best vendor. The main objective of this thesis is to provide detailed information about personalized document creation in general and to introduce the market leading vendors and their technology.

Nuestro trabajo de investigación se basa en un plan de negocio, el cual demuestra como una industria o mercado estático puede revolucionarse integrando la innovación y personalización en conjunto. En este sentido, se ha creado la marca “Ey! Dough”, un nuevo formato para consumir masa de galletas, en donde el cliente puede diseñar su pedido, combinando diferentes sabores y toppings en base a sus gustos y preferencias. A partir del uso de métodos de validación, como encuestas y focus group, hemos podido determinar que nuestro público objetivo se encuentra en un entorno cambiante y busca seguir las tendencias, sobre todo cuando se trata del sector gastronómico, que es uno de los más fuertes en nuestro país. La ventaja competitiva de nuestra marca es la diferenciación. Actualmente, los competidores de nuestro sector solo ofrecen productos hechos a base de masa de galletas en un formato predeterminado y con un único sabor, ninguno de ellos aplica nuestro formato personalizable. Por otro lado, se ha logrado validar la aceptación del producto a través de nuestros canales de ventas. De ellos, el más importante son las redes sociales, ya que nos han generado las ganancias más significativas de la empresa hasta el momento. Ha sido tan buena la aceptación de la marca que una de las plataformas móviles de entrega a domicilio más importantes, Uber Eats, nos han ofrecido afiliarse con nosotros por un periodo de prueba determinado. / Our research work is based on a business plan, which demonstrates how an industry or static market can be revolutionized by integrating innovation and personalization together. In this sense, the brand "Ey! Dough", a new format to consume cookie dough, where the customer can design their order, combining different flavors and toppings based on their tastes and preferences. From the use of validation methods, such as surveys and focus group, we have been able to determine that our target audience is in a changing environment and seeks to follow trends, especially when it comes to the culinary sector, which is one of the strongest in our country. The competitive advantage of our brand is differentiation. Currently, the competitors of our sector only offer products made from cookie dough in a predetermined format and with a unique flavor, none of them applies our customizable format. On the other hand, we have validated the acceptance of the product through our sales channels. Of these, the most important are social networks, since they have generated the most significant earnings of the company so far. Acceptance of the brand has been so good that one of the most important mobile home delivery platforms, Uber Eats, has offered to join us for a certain trial period. / Trabajo de investigación

This study was an effort to replicate and extend findings from our previous research, which suggested that the efficacy of tailored messages is influenced by high levels of content personalization within the message and by individuals trait expectancies about tailored interventions. We tested whether tailoring-related expectancies regarding smoking-cessation booklets could be altered via a brief expectancy-priming intervention, and whether this would enhance the impact of the cessation materials. A 2x2 factorial design crossed personalization level and expectancy priming on evaluation of the intervention content, readiness to quit smoking, cessation self-efficacy, cognitive processing, and progress towards quitting. Smokers (N = 205) were randomized to one of four cells in which they received a highly personalized (placebo tailored) or standard intervention. Participants in the priming conditions received a pre-intervention letter to enhance their expectations for either standard or tailored interventions. Post-priming expectancies were assessed 7-10 days later, and intervention booklets were subsequently mailed. Results demonstrated main effects of personalization on content evaluation, readiness to quit, cognitive processing, and behavioral progress towards quitting. That is, the personalized booklets were more efficacious than the standard booklets. A priming by personalization interaction on tailoring-related expectancies indicated that the expectancy manipulation was effective, and priming main effects were found for content evaluation, readiness to quit, and cognitive processing. Thus, enhancing smokers’ expectancies about their materials improved participants’ perceptions of the intervention and strengthened outcomes. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed.