Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-10-18T20:55:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PauloRicardoCosmeBezerra_TESE.pdf: 3277582 bytes, checksum: 5244d4f1d4fa804d81b670a951bea8a1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-10-24T23:03:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PauloRicardoCosmeBezerra_TESE.pdf: 3277582 bytes, checksum: 5244d4f1d4fa804d81b670a951bea8a1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-24T23:03:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PauloRicardoCosmeBezerra_TESE.pdf: 3277582 bytes, checksum: 5244d4f1d4fa804d81b670a951bea8a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-21 / Esta tese contribui com os estudos concernentes ? sustentabilidade ambiental na ind?stria do petr?leo e g?s por meio da mensura??o da ecoefici?ncia das Micro e Pequenas Empresas (MPEs) da cadeia produtiva do petr?leo e g?s no Rio Grande do Norte, buscando auxiliar para a maximiza??o da efici?ncia ambiental, redu??o de custos, identifica??o de melhorias de m?todos nos processos operacionais com agrega??o de valor e fortalecimento da competitividade empresarial na regi?o. A ecoefici?ncia ? uma estrat?gia de gest?o ambiental que tem como objetivo reduzir o consumo de recursos, reduzir o impacto sobre a natureza e fornecer aos clientes produtos e servi?os de maior qualidade. Para sua mensura??o foi utilizada a metodologia denominada Taxonomia CE7, sigla referente ?s ?sete compet?ncias da ecoefici?ncia?, que, adaptada ?s estrat?gias ambientais, mostrar? o n?vel de ecoefici?ncia em que os empreendimentos se encontram. A pesquisa de campo adota como objeto de estudo 44 MPEs da cadeia produtiva do petr?leo e g?s potiguar, integrantes do projeto ?cadeia produtiva do petr?leo, g?s e energia do RN?, desenvolvido pelo Servi?o Brasileiro de Apoio ?s Micro e Pequenas Empresas (Sebrae) do RN, que prestam servi?o ? Petrobras e que fazem parte da RedePetro RN. A coleta de dados ocorreu no per?odo de agosto a outubro de 2016, atrav?s do m?todo survey. Ao t?rmino do estudo, foram evidenciados a aus?ncia de MPEs ecoeficientes no encadeamento produtivo e que o melhor n?vel de entrega ocorreu para 15,91% dos empreendimentos que foram diagnosticados como ?quase ecoeficientes?. As estrat?gias ambientais que promovem a ecoefici?ncia s?o a efici?ncia energ?tica, o Plano de Gerenciamento de Res?duos S?lidos (PGRS), os cuidados ambientais na sele??o de fornecedores e o licenciamento ambiental. Por fim, a ecoefici?ncia n?o ? uma pr?tica de gest?o institucionalizada na realidade das MPEs desse encadeamento produtivo. / This thesis contribute to studies on environmental sustainability in the oil industry by measuring the eco-efficiency of Small Business of Supply chain oil and gas in Rio Grande do Norte. It also seeks to help maximize environmental efficiency, cost reduction, identification of method improvements in operational processes, adding value and strengthening business competitiveness in the region. Eco-efficiency is a management strategy that aims to reduce resource consumption, reduce the impact on nature and provide customers with higher quality products and services. For its measurement, we used the methodology called CE7 taxonomy, an acronym referring to the "seven competences of ecoefficiency" that, when adapted to the environmental strategies to support eco-efficiency, it will show the level of eco-efficiency in which companies are. We analyzed 44 (forty-four) Small business of the oil and gas production chain of Rio Grande do Norte, which works for Petrobras and are part of RedePetro RN. These companies are also part of the project "RN oil, gas and energy production chain" developed by SEBRAE-RN. We collected data from August to October 2016, using the survey method. At the end of the study it was evidenced the absence of eco-efficient Small business in the productive chain and that the best results occurred for 15.91% companies that obtained a level of "almost" eco-efficiency. The environmental strategies that promote eco-efficiency are energy efficiency, Solid Waste Management Plan (SWMP), environmental caution in supplier selection and environmental licensing. Finally, eco-efficiency is not an institutionalized management practice in the small business of this productive chain.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-11-01T22:40:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SanziaMirellyDaCostaGuedes_DISSERT.pdf: 1297946 bytes, checksum: ffdc92ef73af7f880ac91009181df725 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-11-14T00:28:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SanziaMirellyDaCostaGuedes_DISSERT.pdf: 1297946 bytes, checksum: ffdc92ef73af7f880ac91009181df725 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-14T00:28:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SanziaMirellyDaCostaGuedes_DISSERT.pdf: 1297946 bytes, checksum: ffdc92ef73af7f880ac91009181df725 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-14 / O presente trabalho objetiva demonstrar como se comporta a concorr?ncia entre os agentes econ?micos que exercem as atividades de explora??o e produ??o de petr?leo, em especial com a Lei Federal n? 9.478/97, a qual regulou a mitiga??o do monop?lio da Uni?o, conforme disp?em o art. 177, ?? 1? e 2?, da Constitui??o Federal de 1988, e com a Lei n? 12.351/2010, que alterou o marco regulat?rio da ind?stria do petr?leo, diante da descoberta do Pr?-sal. A problem?tica a ser examinada ? se a Lei n? 12.351/2010 preserva o princ?pio da livre concorr?ncia no setor e, em decorr?ncia disso, se traz mais ou menos benef?cios ao setor e ? efetiva??o do direito ao desenvolvimento. Por sua vez, a import?ncia deste trabalho est? relacionada ao petr?leo ser uma fonte de energia essencial para o desenvolvimento das demais atividades econ?micas do pa?s, de forma que a din?mica de sua explora??o e produ??o afeta de forma significativa a economia nacional. Para tanto, atrav?s de uma abordagem indutiva e se utilizando dos m?todos hist?rico, comparativo e monogr?fico, a pesquisa discorre sobre a evolu??o do Direito concorrencial nas normas constitucionais e infraconstitucionais, destacando a tend?ncia seguida por tais normas. Compara a orienta??o do Direito concorrencial que rege as atividades econ?micas em geral com o hist?rico concorrencial dos marcos regulat?rios da ind?stria do petr?leo, em especial, do setor upstream. Examina a rela??o entre a Ordem Econ?mica na Constitui??o Federal de 1988 e as atividades de explora??o e produ??o de petr?leo, introduzindo conceitos essenciais ao desenvolvimento do trabalho. Analisa o alcance da livre concorr?ncia no upstream da ind?stria do petr?leo, com base em seus marcos regulat?rios, caracterizando a situa??o concorrencial entre os agentes econ?micos ante a Lei Federal n? 9.468/97 e, posteriormente, com a Lei Federal n? 12.351/2010, reconhecendo que houve maior mitiga??o do j? fr?gil princ?pio da livre concorr?ncia no setor. Examina as prerrogativas concedidas ? Petrobras com o novo marco regulat?rio p?s Pr?-sal, destacando a mitiga??o do princ?pio constitucional da isonomia. Observa e delimita o interesse p?blico no setor, verificando se tal interesse justifica a mitiga??o dos outros princ?pios citados. Explana sobre o conceito flu?do de efici?ncia, destacando-a como a mola propulsora da intera??o entre a tr?plice ?livre concorr?ncia-isonomia-interesse p?blico? e, com isso, verifica-se que a nova Lei n? 12.351/2010 n?o proporciona um ambiente em que se estimulem as efici?ncias do setor.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:40:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SilvaniaCB.pdf: 663508 bytes, checksum: 80efd72b9e7e65a84c35430d8a931d06 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-05 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The importance of identifying the consequence of the hours worked on people in society has been well recognized within Organizational and Work Psychology. From this point of view, the present research had the objective of analysing the effects of work regimes on the mental health of petroleum operators of Petrobr?s. The sample totaled 144 subjects, corresponding to 27% of the work population. The mental health of the participants was evaluated using the following instruments of measurement: QSG-12, Scale of self-esteem, Scale of Positive and Negative Affections and the Scale of Valuable Attributes of IMST, each representing an empirical factor used to indicate and measure the five dimensions of mental health. The subjects perceptions of their work regime and the rest of their conditions of work were evaluated using scales of descriptive attributes of IMST, by applying a semi-structured questionnaire and by use of interviews. A socio-demographic file was used to collect information related to the biographical and socio-occupational profile of the worker sample. The answers to the questionnaire were inserted into the data bank of SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science), for statistical analysis, and the interviews were analised based on the technique of Contents Analysis recommended by Bardin (1995). The main results revealed that one third of the worker sample were tense; however, the mental health of the majority was preserved. Cluster Analysis applied to the group of seven factors which measured the five dimensions of mental health identified four profiles of psychological well-being shared between members of the sample. It was observed that the people working in the system of Continuous Shift Alternation (TIR) and in the system of Pre-advising tended to present balanced and satisfactory profiles, while the ones which worked in the Administrative Field tended to present anxious and oscillating profiles, and thus were more affected psychologically. These were also the ones that also perceived the more negative aspects of their laborious conditions (reduced chances of self-improvement, physically stressful and financial resources below expectations with which to supply family and personal necessities. In agreement with the ecological model formulated by Warr (1987), the present study concluded that the positive and negative effects on the psychological well-being tended to occur as a consequence of the perceptions the petrol operators developed to face their work conditions / A import?ncia de identificar as conseq??ncias dos hor?rios de trabalho para os indiv?duos inseridos na atual sociedade 24 horas, tem sido amplamente reconhecida dentro da Psicologia Organizacional e do Trabalho. Partilhando desse interesse, a presente pesquisa objetivou analisar os efeitos dos regimes de trabalho sobre a sa?de mental dos operadores de petr?leo da Petrobr?s. A amostra totalizou 144 sujeitos, correspondendo a 27% da popula??o. A sa?de mental dos participantes foi avaliada por meio dos seguintes instrumentos: QSG-12, Escala de Auto-estima, Escala de Afetos Positivos e Negativos e a escala de atributos valorativos do IMST, sendo cada fator emp?rico usado como indicador para medir cinco dimens?es da sa?de mental. A percep??o sobre os regimes e demais condi??es de trabalho foram avaliadas por meio das escalas de atributos descritivos do IMST, de um question?rio semi-estruturado e de entrevistas. Tamb?m se usou uma ficha s?cio-demogr?fica para colher informa??es relativas ao perfil biogr?fico e s?cio-ocupacional da amostra. As respostas aos question?rios foram digitadas na forma de banco de dados do SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science for Windows), por meio do qual se procedeu com as an?lises estat?sticas, e as entrevistas foram analisadas com base na t?cnica de an?lise de conte?do recomendada por Bardin (1995). Os principais resultados revelam que um ter?o da amostra se encontra tensa, contudo a sa?de mental est? preservada para a maioria. A an?lise de cluster aplicada ao conjunto dos sete fatores que mediram as cinco dimens?es de sa?de mental identificou quatro perfis de Bem-estar Psicol?gico compartilhados entre a amostra. Observou-se que o pessoal engajado em regimes de Turno Ininterrupto de Revezamento (TIR) e de Sobreaviso tende a apresentar perfis Equilibrado e Satisfat?rio, enquanto os que trabalham em regimes Administrativo de Campo e Administrativo tendem a apresentar perfis Ansioso e Oscilante, sendo estes ?ltimos os mais afetados psiquicamente e que percebem mais negativamente as condi??es laborais (chances reduzidas de aperfei?oamento, fisicamente desgastantes e recursos financeiros reduzidos ou abaixo do esperado para suprir as necessidades pessoais e familiares). Em conformidade com o modelo ecol?gico formulado por Warr (1987), o presente estudo concluiu que os efeitos positivos ou negativos no bem-estar psicol?gico tendem a acontecer como conseq??ncia da percep??o que os operadores desenvolvem frente ?s condi??es de trabalho

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:41:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CaioPSSpdf.pdf: 3119135 bytes, checksum: 46f81d35762fa5844ea534c57d40d0b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The quantitative chemical characterization of the inorganic fraction of scale products is very relevant in studying, monitoring and controlling corrosive processes of oil pipelines. The X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) is a very versatile analytical technique, which can be used in quantitative analysis in solid samples at low concentrations of the chemical element, in the order of few ppm. A methodology that involves sample preparation diluted in the proportion of 1:7 (one portion of the sample for seven of wax), pressed as pellets was used in the XRF calibration for chemical analysis of scale products from oil pipelines. The calibration involved the preparation of reference samples from mixtures of P.A. reagents, aiming to optimize the time consumed in the steps of sample preparation and analysis of Al, Ba, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Si, Sr and Ti, using the same pressed pellet for trace and major elements analysis / A caracteriza??o qu?mica quantitativa da fra??o inorg?nica de produtos de incrusta??o ? de grande relev?ncia no estudo, monitoramento e controle de processos corrosivos em dutos de petr?leo. A espectrometria por fluoresc?ncia de raios X (EFRX) ? uma t?cnica anal?tica muito vers?til, que pode ser utilizada na obten??o de resultados quantitativos de amostras s?lidas em baixas concentra??es do elemento qu?mico, da ordem de alguns ppm. Uma metodologia de prepara??o de amostras dilu?das na propor??o de 1:7 (uma por??o de amostra para sete de cera), posteriormente prensadas na forma de pastilhas foi utilizada na calibra??o do EFRX para an?lise de produtos de incrusta??o de dutos de petr?leo. O processo de calibra??o envolveu a confec??o de amostras de refer?ncia a partir de misturas de reagentes P.A., onde se buscou a otimiza??o do tempo envolvido nas etapas de prepara??o de amostras e an?lise dos elementos Al, Ba, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Si, Sr e Ti, utilizando-se as mesmas pastilhas para dosagem de elementos tra?os e maiores

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:41:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SyllosSS_DISSERT.pdf: 3274284 bytes, checksum: efc9ef709dfd1e06b4170ed41eedf3fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-22 / The generation of wastes in most industrial process is inevitable. In the petroleum industry, one of the greatest problems for the environment is the huge amount of produced water generated in the oil fields. This wastewater is a complex mixture and present great amounts. These effluents can be hazardous to the environmental without adequate treatment. This research is focused in the analysis of the efficiencies of the flotation and photo-oxidation processes to remove and decompose the organic compounds present in the produced water. A series of surfactants derivated from the laurilic alcohol was utilized in the flotation to promote the separation. The experiments have been performed with a synthetic wastewater, carefully prepared with xylene. The experimental data obtained using flotation presented a first order kinetic, identified by the quality of the linear data fitting. The best conditions were found at 0.029 g.L-1 for the surfactant EO 7, 0.05 g.L-1 for EO 8, 0.07 g.L-1 for EO 9, 0.045 g.L-1 for EO 10 and 0.08 g.L-1 for EO 23 with the following estimated kinetic constants: 0.1765, 0.1325, 0.1210, 0.1531 and 0.1699 min-1, respectively. For the series studied, the most suitablesurfactant was the EO 7 due to the lower reagent consumption, higher separation rate constant and higher removal efficiency of xylene in the aqueous phase (98%). Similarly to the flotation, the photo-Fenton process shows to be efficient for degradation of xylene and promoting the mineralization of the organic charge around 90% and 100% in 90 min / A gera??o de res?duos na maioria dos processos industriais ? quase que inevit?vel. Na ind?stria do petr?leo, um dos grandes vil?es para o meio ambiente ? o enorme volume de ?guas produzidas nos campos de petr?leo. Este efluente apresenta composi??o complexa e aliado ao grande volume envolvido pode-se tornar bastante danoso ao meio ambiente quando descartado de forma inadequada. Esta pesquisa est? centrada na an?lise das efici?ncias dos processos de flota??o em coluna e oxida??o avan?ada por processo foto-Fenton para remo??o/degrada??o de org?nicos presentes na ?gua produzida. Uma s?rie de tensoativos derivados de ?lcool laur?lico foi utilizada na flota??o para promover a melhoria da cin?tica e efici?ncia de separa??o. Os experimentos foram realizados com efluente sint?tico contendo xileno como poluente modelo. Os dados experimentais obtidos da flota??o apresentaram cin?tica de 1? ordem, identificada pela qualidade dos ajustes lineares. As melhores condi??es encontradas foram 0,029 g.L-1 para o EO 7, 0,05 g.L-1 para o EO 8, 0,07 g.L-1 para o EO 9, 0,045 g.L-1 para o EO 10 e 0,08 g.L-1 para o EO 23 com as seguintes constantes de velocidade iguais a 0,1765, 0,1325, 0,1210, 0,1531, 0,1699 min-1, respectivamente. Para a s?rie estudada, o tensoativo mais adequado foi o EO 7 devido o menor consumo de reagente, maior constante cin?tica de separa??o e maior efici?ncia de remo??o do xileno da fase aquosa (98%). De forma similar a flota??o, o processo foto-Fenton demonstrou ser eficiente para degrada??o do xileno alcan?ando efici?ncia de mineraliza??o da carga org?nica entre 90% e 100% em 90 min

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:41:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HialeYSS_DISSERT.pdf: 3935527 bytes, checksum: 49a917d8f6b548b50f34324737a29f0a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-21 / In this work, expanded perlite, a mineral clay, consisting of SiO2 and Al2O3 in the proportions of 72.1 and 18.5%, respectively, was used as an adsorbent for oil in its pure expanded form as well as hydrofobized with linseed oil. Thermogravimetry (TG), Derivative Thermogravimetry (DTG) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) were used to study the thermal behavior and quantify the percent adsorption of perlite in differents processes comparing the results with the ones obtained using Gravimetric Analysis. In the process of hydrophobization with linseed oil granulometric fractions > 20, 20-32 and 32-60 mesh were used and adsorption tests with crude oil were performed in triplicate at room temperature. The results obtained by TG/DTG in dynamic atmosphere of air showed mass losses in a single step for the expanded perlite with pure adsorbed oil, indicating that the adsorption of oil was limited and that the particle size did not in this process. Linseed oil has performed well as an agent of hydrophobized perlite (32 to 60 mesh) indicating a maximum percentage of 59.9% and 68.6% the linseed with a fraction range from considering the data obtained by thermogravimetry and Gravimetry, respectively. The adsorption of oil in the expanded perlite and hydrofobized pure perlite with linseed oil did not produce good results, characterizing an increase of 0.5 to 4.6% in pure perlite and 3.3% in hydrofobized perlite with granulometric 32 to 60 mesh / Nesse trabalho a perlita expandida, um argilomineral, constitu?do de SiO2 e Al2O3 nas propor??es de 72,1 e 18,5%, respectivamente foi utilizada como adsorvente para petr?leo na sua forma pura expandida como tamb?m hidrofobizada com ?leo de linha?a. Para isso, utilizou-se a Termogravimetria (TG), a Termogravimetria Derivada (DTG) e a An?lise T?rmica Diferencial (DTA) para estudar o comportamento t?rmico e verificar o percentual de adsor??o da perlita nos processos utilizados, em compara??o com a An?lise Gravim?trica. No processo de hidrofobiza??o com o ?leo de linha?a utilizou-se as fra??es > 20, 20 a 32 e 32 a 60 mesh e os testes de adsor??o com o petr?leo bruto foram realizados em triplicata em temperatura ambiente. Os resultados obtidos por TG/DTG em atmosfera din?mica de ar mostraram perdas de massa em uma ?nica etapa para a perlita expandida pura adsorvida com petr?leo, indicando que a adsor??o de petr?leo foi limitada e que a granulometria n?o interferiu nesse processo. O ?leo de linha?a apresentou bons resultados como agente hidrofobizante da perlita indicando um percentual m?ximo de 59,9% e 68,6% de linha?a na fra??o de 32 a 60 mesh considerando os dados obtidos por Termogravimetria e Gravimetria, respectivamente. A adsor??o do petr?leo na perlita pura expandida e na perlita hidrofobizada com ?leo de linha?a n?o apresentou bons resultados, caracterizando um aumento de 0,5 a 4,6% na perlita pura e 3,3 % na perlita hidrofobizada de 32 a 60 mesh

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LedaMOL_TESE.pdf: 3658937 bytes, checksum: 6ad7dbe6b2ec8a6f89d9264905ef89b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-21 / Innovative technologies using surfactant materials have applicability in several industrial fields, including petroleum and gas areas. This study seeks to investigate the use of a surfactant derived from coconut oil (SCO saponified coconut oil) in the recovery process of organic compounds that are present in oily effluents from petroleum industry. For this end, experiments were accomplished in a column of small dimension objectifying to verify the influence of the surfactant SCO in the efficiency of oil removal. This way, they were prepared emulsions with amount it fastens of oil (50, 100, 200 and 400 ppm), being determined the great concentrations of surfactant for each one of them. Some rehearsals were still accomplished with produced water of the industry of the petroleum to compare the result with the one of the emulsions. According to the experiments, it was verified that an increase of the surfactant concentration does not implicate in a greater oil removal. The separation process use gaseous bubbles formed when a gas stream pass a liquid column, when low surfactant concentrations are used, it occurs the coalescence of the dispersed oil droplets and their transport to the top of the column, forming a new continuous phase. Such surfactants lead to a gas-liquid interface saturation, depending on the used surfactant concentration, affecting the flotation process and influencing in the removal capacity of the oily dispersed phase. A porous plate filter, with pore size varying from 40 to 250 mm, was placed at the base of the column to allow a hydrodynamic stable operation. During the experimental procedures, the operating volume of phase liquid was held constant and the rate of air flow varied in each experiment. The resulting experimental of the study hydrodynamic demonstrated what the capturing of the oil was influenced by diameter of the bubbles and air flow. With the increase flow of 300 about to 900 cm3.min-1, occurred an increase in the removal of oil phase of 44% about to 66% and the removal kinetic of oil was defined as a reaction of 1? order. / Tecnologias inovadoras que usam materiais tensoativos t?m aplicabilidade em v?rios campos industriais, dentre eles petr?leo e g?s natural. Este estudo busca investigar o uso de um tensoativo, derivado de ?leo de coco (OCS - ?leo de coco saponificado), no processo de recupera??o de compostos org?nicos presentes em efluentes oleosos da ind?stria de petr?leo. Para este fim, foram realizados experimentos em uma coluna de bancada objetivando verificar a influ?ncia do tensoativo OCS na efici?ncia de remo??o de ?leo. Desta forma, foram preparadas emuls?es com quantidades fixas de ?leo (50, 100, 200 e 400 ppm), determinandose a concentra??o ?tima de tensoativo para cada uma delas. Foram, tamb?m, realizados alguns ensaios com ?gua de produ??o da ind?stria de petr?leo, visando comparar o resultado com o das emuls?es. O processo de separa??o consiste no uso de bolhas gasosas formadas quando um fluxo de g?s passa em uma coluna l?quida, com concentra??es de tensoativo, ocorrendo a coalesc?ncia das gotas de ?leo dispersas e, consequentemente, o transporte delas ao topo da coluna, formando uma nova fase oleosa cont?nua. O processo fundamenta-se na satura??o de tensoativo na interface g?s-l?quido, dependendo da concentra??o de tensoativo usada, resultando na flota??o da fase ?leo dispersa. Um filtro de prato poroso, com tamanho de poro que varia de 40 a 250 μm, foi colocado ? base da coluna para permitir uma opera??o hidrodin?mica est?vel. Durante os procedimentos experimentais, o volume operacional da fase l?quida foi mantido constante e a taxa de fluxo de ar variada em cada experimento. Os resultados experimentais do estudo hidrodin?mico demonstraram que a captura do ?leo foi influenciada pelos di?metros das bolhas e vaz?es de ar. Com o aumento da vaz?o de 300 para 900 cm3.min-1, ocorreu um aumento de remo??o da fase ?leo de 44% para 66% e a cin?tica de remo??o do ?leo foi definida como uma rea??o de 1? ordem

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FlaviaFV_DISSERT.pdf: 2036904 bytes, checksum: e98751260e3e63445acf4cc13e184f1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-25 / During the storage of oil, sludge is formed in the bottoms of tanks, due to decantation, since the sludge is composed of a large quantity of oil (heavy petroleum fractions), water and solids. The oil sludge is a complex viscous mixture which is considered as a hazardous waste. It is then necessary to develop methods and technologies that optimize the cleaning process, oil extraction and applications in industry. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the composition of the oil sludge, to obtain and characterize microemulsion systems (MES), and to study their applications in the treatment of sludge. In this context, the Soxhlet extraction of crude oil sludge and aged sludge was carried out, and allowing to quantify the oil (43.9 % and 84.7 % - 13 ?API), water (38.7 % and 9.15 %) and solid (17.3 % and 6.15 %) contents, respectively. The residues were characterized using the techniques of X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Xray diffraction (XRD) and transmission Infrared (FT-IR). The XRF technique determined the presence of iron and sulfur in higher proportions, confirming by XRD the presence of the following minerals: Pyrite (FeS2), Pyrrhotite (FeS) and Magnetite (Fe3O4). The FT-IR showed the presence of heavy oil fractions. In parallel, twelve MES were prepared, combining the following constituents: two nonionic surfactants (Unitol L90 and Renex 110 - S), three cosurfactants (butanol, sec-butanol and isoamyl alcohol - C), three aqueous phase (tap water - ADT, acidic solution 6 % HCl, and saline solution - 3.5 % NaCl - AP) and an oil phase (kerosene - OP). From the obtained systems, a common point was chosen belonging to the microemulsion region (25 % [C+S] 5 % OP and AP 70 %), which was characterized at room temperature (25?C) by viscosity (Haake Rheometer Mars), particle diameter (Zeta Plus) and thermal stability. Mixtures with this composition were applied to oil sludge solubilization under agitation at a ratio of 1:4, by varying time and temperature. The efficiencies of solubilization were obtained excluding the solids, which ranged between 73.5 % and 95 %. Thus, two particular systems were selected for use in storage tanks, with efficiencies of oil sludge solubilization over 90 %, which proved the effectiveness of the MES. The factorial design delimited within the domain showed how the MES constituents affect the solubilization of aged oil sludge, as predictive models. The MES A was chosen as the best system, which solubilized a high amount of aged crude oil sludge (~ 151.7 g / L per MES) / No armazenamento de petr?leo a borra ? formada nos fundos de tanques, devido a sua decanta??o, j? que a borra ? composta por grande quantidade de ?leo (fra??es pesadas de petr?leo), ?gua e s?lidos. A borra de petr?leo ? uma mistura complexa, viscosa e considerada um res?duo perigoso, tornando-se necess?rio desenvolver tecnologias e m?todos que facilitem a limpeza, a extra??o do ?leo e a aplica??o na ind?stria. Portanto, neste trabalho objetivou-se determinar a composi??o da borra de petr?leo, obter e caracterizar sistemas microemulsionados (SME), e estudar as suas aplica??es no tratamento da borra. Neste contexto, utilizou-se a extra??o Soxhlet da borra de petr?leo bruta e da borra envelhecida, permitindo quantificar o teor de ?leo (43,9 % e 84,7 % - 13 ?API), de ?gua (38,7 % e 9,15 %) e de s?lidos (17,3 % e 6,15 %), respectivamente. Os res?duos foram caracterizados atrav?s das t?cnicas de fluoresc?ncia de raios X (FRX), de difra??o de raios X (DRX) e Infravermelho de transmiss?o (IFT). O FRX determinou a presen?a de ferro e enxofre em maiores propor??es, comprovando-se pelo DRX a presen?a dos seguintes minerais: Pirita (FeS2), Pirrotita (FeS) e Magnetita (Fe3O4). O IFT mostrou a presen?a de fra??es pesadas de petr?leo. Em paralelo foram obtidos doze SME, combinando os seguintes constituintes: dois tensoativos n?o i?nicos (Unitol L90 e Renex NP110 - T), tr?s cotensoativos (butanol, sec-butanol e ?lcool isoam?lico - C), tr?s fases aquosas (?gua de torneira - ADT, solu??o ?cida HCl 6 % e solu??o salina NaCl 3,5 % - Fa) e uma fase ?leo (querosene - Fo). A partir da obten??o destes sistemas, foi escolhido um ponto em comum na regi?o de microemuls?o (25 % [C+T], 5 % Fo e 70 % Fa), os quais foram caracterizados, a temperatura ambiente (25?C), atrav?s da viscosidade (Re?metro de Haake Mars), di?metro de part?culas (Zeta Plus) e estabilidade t?rmica. Misturas com essa composi??o foram aplicadas na solubiliza??o da borra do petr?leo, sob agita??o, na propor??o de 1:4, variando tempo e temperatura. As efici?ncias de solubiliza??o foram obtidas desconsiderando o teor de s?lidos, situado em uma faixa de 73,5 % a 95 %. Assim, escolheram-se dois sistemas como destaque para aplica??o em tanques de armazenamento, com efici?ncias de solubiliza??o da borra de petr?leo acima de 90 %, comprovando-se assim a efic?cia do SME. Os planejamentos experimentais fatoriais delimitaram dentro do dom?nio a influ?ncia de constituintes dos SME na solubiliza??o da borra de petr?leo envelhecida, com modelos preditivos. O SME A foi escolhido como o melhor sistema, que solubilizou elevada concentra??o de borra de petr?leo bruta envelhecida (~151,7 g/L por SME)

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-04-06T12:02:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Rodrigo Rossi Rodrigues.pdf: 2827044 bytes, checksum: 1e0bfbc21aa38412c1823ea16ac2e2ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-06T12:02:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Rodrigo Rossi Rodrigues.pdf: 2827044 bytes, checksum: 1e0bfbc21aa38412c1823ea16ac2e2ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-27 / The goal of this study is to show how the resource?s rationalization can improve the operational results of one maritime transport company. The tanker maket follows a world tendency on the hiring price of charter. It makes the process of costs reducing through the optimization of fuel and diesel or/and through the performance?s control of time, velocity and operational disponibility a mandatory factor. The control of the consume of fuel and diesel is a way to reduce the discounts on the ships earns. The losses can be caused by technical problems on the MCP's (Main Combustion Engine), MCA's (Auxiliary Combustion Engine) and auxiliary machinery of the ships, or by the necessity of revaluation on the contractual price of loading and unloading products on shipping terminals and also by the climate changes in the Brazilian coastline, which causes some different conditions of velocity and time trips. / Atrav?s deste trabalho pretende-se apresentar como a racionaliza??o de recursos pode contribuir para melhorar o resultado operacional de uma empresa de servi?o de transporte mar?timo. O mercado de afretamento de navios petroleiros segue uma tend?ncia mundial na contrata??o do pre?o do frete, tornando importante o processo de redu??o de custos atrav?s da otimiza??o de ?leo combust?vel e ?leo diesel, e controle das performances operacionais: tempo, velocidade e disponibilidade operacional. Uma das formas de reduzir os descontos na receita dos navios ? o controle do consumo de ?leo combust?vel e ?leo diesel. Sejam eles provocados por problemas t?cnicos nos MCP?s (Motor de Combust?o Principal), MCA?s (Motor Auxiliar de Combust?o) e M?quinas Auxiliares dos navios, ou at? mesmo pela necessidade de reavalia??o de taxas contratuais de bombeio de carga e descarga de produtos nos terminais, e velocidade/tempo de viagem em alguns trechos do litoral brasileiro, devido ?s mudan?as clim?ticas e geogr?ficas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:06:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FilipeSO_DISSERT.pdf: 3900853 bytes, checksum: b933d50c7767f35ccf84d3eb5899b023 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-23 / Novel cementing materials formulations containing flexible polymeric admixtures have been studied aiming at improving the mechanical behavior of oil well cement slurries submitted to steam injection. However, research activities in this sector are still under development. The steam injected directly into the well causes casing dilation, which after a reduction in temperature, tends to return to its original dimensions, resulting in crack formation and hydraulic isolation loss of the well, which will result in shortening of well life. In this scenario, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the mechanical behavior of Portland-based slurries containing SBR latex, applied in oil well cementing of wells submitted to steam injection. Were formulated slurries with densities of 1.797 g/cm3 (15.0 lb/Gal) and 1.869 g/cm3 (15.6 lb/Gal), containing admixtures with a latex concentration of 0; 66.88; 133.76; 200.64 and 267.52 L/m3 (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 gpc). Tests including rheology, fluid loss control, thickening time, API compressive strength and splitting tensile strength, beyond steam injection simulation. Microstrutural characteristics of the slurries were also performed (XRD, TG, FTIR and SEM). The results showed that increasing the polymer concentration increased in the rheological properties and fluid loss, and a decrease in the elasticity modulus of the cement slurries. The results obtained showed that the slurries can be applied in cementing operations of oil wells submitted to steam injection. / Novas formula??es de pastas de cimento, aditivadas com materiais polim?ricos com caracter?sticas flex?veis, t?m sido estudadas para aplica??o em po?os sujeitos a inje??o de vapor. Entretanto, pesquisas neste setor ainda s?o atividades em desenvolvimento. O vapor injetado diretamente no po?o provoca a dilata??o do revestimento, o que ap?s redu??o na temperatura, tende a voltar as suas dimens?es iniciais, provocando forma??o de trincas e conseq?ente perda do isolamento hidr?ulico do po?o, que resultar? no encurtamento do tempo de sua vida ?til. Dentro deste contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar o comportamento mec?nico de sistemas de pastas de cimento Portland, aditivadas com l?tex SBR, para cimenta??o de po?os de petr?leo sujeitos a inje??o de vapor. Foram formuladas pastas com densidades de 1,797 g/cm3 (15,0 lb/Gal) e 1,869 g/cm3 (15,6 lb/Gal), aditivadas com concentra??o de 0; 66,88; 133,76; 200,64 e 267,52 L/m3 (0, 0,5, 1,0, 1,5 e 2,0 gpc) de l?tex. Foram realizados ensaios de reologia, controle de filtrado, tempo de espessamento, resist?ncia ? compress?o API e tra??o por compress?o diametral, al?m de simula??es de inje??o de vapor. Tamb?m foram realizadas caracteriza??es microestruturais das pastas de cimento (DRX, TG, FTIR e MEV). Os resultados mostraram que com o aumento da concentra??o do pol?mero ocorreram mudan?as nas propriedades reol?gicas e no volume de filtrado, al?m de uma diminui??o do m?dulo de elasticidade das pastas de cimento. A partir dos resultados obtidos verificou-se que as pastas podem ser aplicadas em opera??es de cimenta??o de po?os de petr?leo sujeitos a inje??o de vapor.