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Equilibrium adsorption isotherms were obtained for methane, ethane and propane in nitrogen on a 5A molecular sieve and also for methane and carbon dioxide on 5A and 4A molecular sieves at 25° C. The single component experimental data of these gases agreed well with the empirical Langmuir and Freundlich models. A statistical thermodynamic model also represented the data fairly well. Ternary isotherms for methane, ethane and propane mixtures and binary isotherms for methane and carbon dioxide mixtures were obtained experimentally. A modified extended Langmuir model correlated the adsorption of ternary and binary mixtures fairly well. The Freundlich-type multi- component model gave a reasonable fit for ternary mixtures and represented the adsorption of binary mixtures fairly well. Other models were also considered for both ternary and binary mixtures. Breakthrough curves for single and multicomponent mixtures were obtained and mathematical model s investigated to establish which was the most suitable model. A finite difference technique was used to solve the mathematical models. Surface diffusion resistance was found to play a dominant role and could be the rate controlling step for single component adsorption. An equilibrium control model does not predict the breakthrough curve for a ternary mixture of methane, ethane and propane very well, but did give a reasonable fit for binary mixtures of methane and carbon dioxide. Experimental adsorption-desorption cycles showed that this technique could be used to separate ethane as well as propane from a ternary mixture of methane-ethane and propane, and to separate carbon dioxide from a binary mixture of methane and carbon dioxide. Adsorption-desorption cycles showed that separation was achieved and that it depends strongly upon the instant at which desorption is commenced. The equilibrium model was used to describe both adsorption-desorption cycles for binary and ternary mixtures.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of biosparging for in situ remediation of groundwater at a site contaminated by petrochemicals. To this end, laboratory-scale (lab-scale for short) and pilot-scale tests were carried out. In the lab-scale study, three possible ways (i.e., by injecting air, by adding hydrogen peroxide, and by adding magnesium peroxide) of increasing the dissolved oxygen content in the groundwater were evaluated in terms of the resulting total bacterial count. Under the conditions used in this work, air injection was found to the most effective one. By injecting compressed air into the mixture of petrochemicals-contaminated soil and groundwater at a flow rate of 175mL/min for five minutes, the total bacterial count of the aerobic bacteria was increased greatly from 102CFU/mL to 107CFU/mL. The concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylenes (BTEX) also were reduced to lower than 0.5£gg/L. Based on the findings obtained from the lab-scale study, air injection was adopted for the enhancement of pilot-scale in situ bioremediation of petrochemicals-contaminated groundwater at a selected site in a petrochemical plant. To evaluate the treatment efficiency of biosparging for the removal of BTEX and naphthalene, in addition to an upstream groundwater well, six one-meter-apart monitoring wells were installed in at the test site the flow direction of groundwater. In the center of the test site, one air injection well and ten soil gas monitoring points also were installed to determining the radius of influence of the air injection well. It was found that an air injection rate of 40L/min was capable of providing sufficient air to all of the monitoring wells of groundwater and increasing the total bacterial count of aerobic bacteria from the order of 102CFU/mL to 106CFU/mL. For a test period of 99 days, the concentrations of all target contaminants in each groundwater monitoring well were decreased markedly. More specifically, the total organic carbon was reduced from 12.7-43.4 mg/L to 3.5-14.9 mg/L; biochemical oxygen demand, from 124-526 mg/L to 43-153 mg/L; benzene; toluene, from 29.88-62.34 mg/L to 11.72-12.82 mg/L ; ethyl benzene, from 0.92-5.30 mg/L to 0.86 mg/L-< 0.5£gg/L; xylenes, from 9.31-47.58 mg/L to 4.07 mg/L -< 0.5£gg/L; and naphthalene, from15.31-0.92 mg/L to < 0.5 £gg/L. Additionally, pH, temperature, and concentrations of various cations determined for the groundwater as well. During the 99-day test period, the following were found: pH varied in the range of 6.75-7.45; temperature, 30-32¢J; Ca2+, 45-65 mg/L; Mg 2+, 16-24 mg/L; Na+, 35-60 mg/L; K+, 8-14 mg/L; and total iron, 2.0-4.0 mg/L. Thus, under the conditions used in this work, the biosparging technology employed was found to have an overall treatment efficiency of over 60% for BTEX and 100% for naphthalene. To increase the overall treatment efficiency, a prolonged air injection is needed at this test site. Keywords: biosparging, groundwater, contaminated site, petrochemicals

Soil pollution in recent years has emerged as an issue of great environmental concern. Contamination of soil by improper disposal or spillage of petrochemicals and products containing petroleum hydrocarbons is one of such pollution cases highly reported. To remediate petroleum contaminated soil, A DC powered electrokinetic reactor was used with biosurfactants as an enhancement for the remediation process. To begin with, studies were made under voltage variations of 10 V and 30 V with an electrode spacing of 185 mm. Biosurfactant with its producing microbes and biosurfactant free cells were introduced in the soil chamber after which the reactor was left to run for 10 days under the electric field. The technology was able to achieve the highest oil recovery of 75.15 % from the soil in 96 hours at 30 V. With other factors remaining constant, the reactor was also operated under a constant voltage of 30 V with configurations of fixed electrodes spacings of 335 mm, 260 mm,185 mm and continuous approaching electrodes at 335 mm, 260 mm and 185 mm. The current in the electrolyte was highest with the least electrode distance of 185 mm. The increase in current led to a direct proportional increase in the electroosmotic flow towards the cathode leading to increased coalescence of the oil from the soil as compared to the other electrode distances. The analysis of the results showed reduction in the total carbon content in the soil with viable oil recovery rates for all the electrode distances with 185 mm being the most effective in both oil recovery and degradation. The reactor was further operated with amended biosurfactant concentrations of 28 g/L, 56 g/L and 84 g/L to enhance the recovery of oil from the soil and aid in biodegradation of the remaining oil by hydrocarbon degrading microbes. The highest oil recovery of 83.15 % was obtained with the biosurfactant concentration of 56 g/L showing that the hyper increase in concentration of the biosurfactants is not necessary to have an efficient process. In all experiments the microorganisms were able to survive under the electro-halo-thermal environment in the reactor and degraded the remaining hydrocarbons to acceptable amounts in the environment. The bacteria were however affected by the constantly changing pH in all experiments. The presence of biosurfactants was so significant in aiding oil recovery and increasing bioavailability of hydrocarbons to the microbes. Production of biosurfactants in the reactor followed up by kinetic suggestions of the processes in the bioelectrokinetic reactor should be studied in future. / Dissertation (MEng (Environmental Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Chemical Engineering / MEng (Environmental Engineering) / Unrestricted

90 leaves on CD format, preliminary i-ix pages and numbered pages 1-81. Includes bibliography, list of figures in color to pdf format (OCR). / Thesis (MSc (Chemistry and Polymer Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The composition of petrochemical products obtained from Fischer Tropsch (FT) technologies is of the highest complexity possible and may contain thousands of components. Chemicals produced from FT feedstocks often contain trace level contaminants that can poison catalysts or that affect product performance in down-line processes. Single dimension GC analysis of these mixtures provides incomplete information because of lack of separation power. This study evaluates the separation power of heart-cut GC-GC, comprehensive GCxGC and sequential GC-GC for three selected challenging petrochemical applications. The fundamental theoretical aspects of the techniques are discussed. Oxygenates are removed as far as possible in C10 – C13 alkylation feedstocks, used in the production of linear alkyl benzenes, because the oxygenates may have deactivating effects on some expensive alkylation catalysts. Residual oxygenates may still be present and can consist of hundreds of components. Detection of individual components at ng/g levels is required. Heart-cut GC-GC is used to illustrate the separation and enrichment power for oxygenates in an alkylation feedstock. The stationary phase in the first dimension column was selected to provide separation of the oxygenates from the hydrocarbons in a relatively narrow window. The oxygenate fraction is then enriched by repeated injections and collection on the cryotrap. After sufficient enrichment, the trap is heated and the oxygenates are analysed on the second dimension column. Comprehensive GCxGC and Sequential GC-GC are compared for the separation and analysis of the oxygenated chemical component classes in the alkylation feedstock, before removal of oxygenates. Cyclic alcohols can occur in detergent alcohols produced from FT feedstocks. These cyclics are regarded as impurities because they affect the physical properties of the detergents. The cyclic and noncyclic alcohols in a narrow C12 – C13 detergent alcohol distillation cut have similar boiling points and polarities, and separation of individual components is thus difficult to achieve. Comprehensive GCxGC and sequential GC-GC are evaluated for the separation of the alcohol component classes. The study shows that both approaches provide component class separation but the high resolving power of the second column and the optimal chromatographic operating conditions of sequential GC-GC provide better separation of the individual components. The study illustrates the immense power of the three multidimensional GC techniques namely heart-cut GC-GC, comprehensive GCxGC and sequential GC-GC. The three multidimensional GC techniques each have their own advantages, disadvantages and unique applications and should be used as complementary rather than as competitive analytical tools. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Fischer Tropsch (FT) petrochemiese produkte is van baie hoë kompleksiteit en kan uit duisende komponente bestaan. Chemikalië afkomstig van dié voerstrome bevat soms spoorhoeveelhede onsuiwerhede wat deaktiverend op kataliste kan inwerk of wat die werkverrrigting van finale produkte kan beïnvloed. Enkeldimensie GC analises van die komplekse mengsels is meesal onakkuraat as gevolg van geweldige piekoorvleueling. Die studie evalueer die skeidingsvermoë van drie multidimensionele tegnieke, Heart-cut GC-GC, Comprehensive GCxGC en Sequential GC-GC vir geselekteerde petrochemiese toepassings. Die fundamentele teoretiese aspekte van die tegnieke word bespreek en drie analitiese toepassings word beskryf. Oksigenate word so ver moontlik verwyder uit C10 – C13 paraffien-voerstrome, wat gebruik word in die vervaardiging van liniêre alkielbenzene, aangesien dit deaktiverend kan inwerk op alkileringskataliste. Die oorblywende oksigenate kan uit honderde komponente bestaan sodat analise van individuele komponente tot op lae ng/g vlakke nodig is. Heart-cut GC-GC word gebruik om die skeiding en verryking van die oksigenate in die alkileringsvoerstroom te illustreer. Die stationêre fase in die eerste-dimensie kolom is so gekies dat skeiding tussen oksigenate en koolwaterstowwe verkry word. Met herhaalde inspuitings verhoog die oksigenaat-konsentrasie op die cryo val en - na voldoende verryking - word die val verhit en die oksigenate geanaliseer op die tweede dimensie kolom. Die skeiding en analises verkry met Comprehensive GCxGC en Sequential GC-GC word vergelyk vir die chemiese klasse-skeiding van die alkileringsvoer (voor verwydering van oksigenate). Sikliese alkohole kan voorkom in detergent-alkohole vervaardig vanaf FT voerstrome. Dit word as onsuiwerhede beskou aangesien dit die fisiese eienskappe van die finale produkte beïnvloed. Die sikliese en nie-sikliese alkohole se kookpunte en polariteite is baie naby aanmekaar sodat skeiding van individuele komponente moeilik verkry word. Comprehensive GCxGC en Sequential GC-GC word evalueer vir die skeiding van die alkohol. Die studie toon aan dat albei die tegnieke skeiding gee van die chemiese komponent-klasse maar dat die hoë-resolusie tweede-dimensie kolom en die optimisering van die experimentele kondisies van die Sequential GC-GC sisteem beter skeiding van individuele komponente gee. Die uitsonderlike skeidingsvermoë van die drie multidimensionele tegnieke, Heart-cut GC-GC, Comprehensive GCxGC en Sequential GC-GC word geïllustreer in die studie. Elke tegniek het sy eie voordele, nadele en unieke toepassings en die drie tegnieke behoort as komplementêre eerder as kompeterende tegnieke gebruik te word.

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-27T14:01:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ALFREDINA DOS SANTOS ARAÚJO - TESE (PPGEP) 2006.pdf: 1109435 bytes, checksum: 15b173725f8a1ad90eb4e7cbec8f6742 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-27T14:01:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ALFREDINA DOS SANTOS ARAÚJO - TESE (PPGEP) 2006.pdf: 1109435 bytes, checksum: 15b173725f8a1ad90eb4e7cbec8f6742 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09 / Nos últimos anos tem-se buscado rotas alternativas para a conversão do gás natural em gás de síntese, uma mistura de hidrogênio e monóxido de carbono, da qual pode ser obtido o H2. A tendência à formação de coque pode ser minimizada pelo desenvolvimento de novos materiais catalíticos. Essa reação requer o emprego de catalisadores metálicos. Portanto neste trabalho, a reforma a vapor do metano foi realizada sobre catalisadores monometálicos à base de níquel e platina com seguintes teores 0,5%, 1,0%, 1,5% e 2,0%, suportados na zeólita NaY. Os catalisadores metálicos foram preparados via impregnação por umidade incipiente e foram caracterizados pelas técnicas de difração de raios X (DRX), espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR), redução a temperatura programada, área superficial específica, volumes de poros e a reação de deshidrogenação do ciclohexano. Os catalisadores foram avaliados na reação de reforma a vapor a 600ºC, 1 atm e CH4/H2O = 4 por 360 minutos. O DRX e FTIRs indicaram que os processos de impregnação dos metais não mudaram as estruturas das zeólitas Y. Os perfis de RTP dos metais nas zeólitas foi possível observar que a redução das espécies de níquel inicia-se em 198ºC e há um consumo máximo de hidrogênio em 483ºC, no caso da platina a redução se inicia em 203ºC. Na deshidrogenação do ciclohexano observou-se aumento da atividade da função catalítica que está relacionado com a maior densidade dos sítios catalíticos. Todos os catalisadores conduziram a atividades elevadas, relacionadas com a proximidade dos teores metálicos. No contexto geral, o catalisador platina-NaY mostrou atividades mais altas do que os catalisadores níquel-NaY. / In the last years, it has been an increasing interest for new alternatives to natural gas conversion to synthesis gas, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide from which hydrogen can be obtained. This reaction requires the use of metallic sites and the tendency to produce coke can be minimized by the use of new catalytic materials. In order to develop new catalysts to this reaction nickel and platinum supported on NaY zeolite (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%) were studied in this work. Samples were prepared by incipient wet impregnation and characterized by thermal differential analysis, thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIRs), temperature programmed reaction (TPR), specific surface area and porosity measurements and cyclohexane dehydrogenation. The catalysts were evaluated in steam reforming at 600 oC, 1 atm and CH4/H2O = 4 for 360 min. The XRD and FTIRs0,0 showed that metal impregnation did not change the structure of Y zeolite. From the TPR profiles, it was noted that the reduction of nickel began at 198ºC with a maximum at 483ºC. In the case of platinum the reduction began at 203ºC. From the cyclohexane dehydrogenation, it was observed an increase of activity, which is related to the higher amount of catalytic sites. All catalysts showed high activities, closely related to the metal charge. As a whole, the platinum-NaY catalyst showed higher activities that the nickel-NaY ones.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-11-30T11:42:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucas Ricardo Alves Pessoa.pdf: 4038549 bytes, checksum: 5d94924c90bdd7954bdfd6dadbffc9b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-30T11:42:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucas Ricardo Alves Pessoa.pdf: 4038549 bytes, checksum: 5d94924c90bdd7954bdfd6dadbffc9b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In 1950 Cubatao presented "a population" under ten thousand people. Cubatao until then had its economy based on the cultivation of bananas and in just a few decades has been transformed into the largest petrochemical complex in Latin America. This industrialization, unprecedented in Brazilian history, began with the installation of President Arthur Bernardes Refinery in Cubatão (RPBC (RPBC). The concentration of this petrochemical complex and excessive introduction of air and water pollutants in Cubatao Valley provided a variety of illnesses to people's health and local ecosystems, leading the city to be regarded as "one of the most polluted in the world" in the late 1980. The points of this research are: Distinguish the motives for to the choice of Cubatao as the most appropriate location for the installation of RPBC; Analyze the possible manifestations of scientists about the choice of location and the losses of the process over the decades mentioned. Therefore, we used Digital Collection of documents from the National Archives, as well as other studies and research work of the period. The results indicate that several factors of military order, strategic, political and economic have been involved in the choice of location of the refinery installation, however the concern for the environment not has guided any discussion. The analyzed research suggests that the scientific community itself has supported the refinery installation in the region, or considered at first that the problems were natural and passenger character. When this community became aware of the irreversible ills, the military regime did not allow criticism. The many published works on the Cubatão´s environmental question after the democracy suggest that this phenomenon is related to the consolidation of some specific terms of the environmental science / Em 1950, Cubatão apresentava uma população inferior a dez mil pessoas, tinha sua economia baseada no cultivo de bananas e, em apenas algumas décadas, foi transformada no maior polo petroquímico da América Latina. Essa industrialização, sem precedentes na história brasileira, teve início com a instalação da Refinaria Presidente Arthur Bernardes de Cubatão (a RPBC). A concentração desse polo petroquímico e do lançamento excessivo de poluentes atmosféricos e hídricos no Vale de Cubatão proporcionou diversas mazelas para a saúde da população e para os ecossistemas locais, levando a cidade a ser considerada como “uma das mais poluídas do mundo”, na década de 1980. Os objetivos da presente pesquisa consistiram em: 1- identificar os motivos que levaram à escolha de Cubatão como o local mais apropriado para a instalação da RPBC; 2- analisar as eventuais manifestações de cientistas sobre a escolha do local e os prejuízos do processo ao longo das décadas mencionadas. Para tanto, foram utilizados documentos do Acervo Digital do Arquivo Nacional, além de outros estudos e trabalhos de pesquisadores do período. Os resultados apontam que diversos fatores de ordem militar, estratégica, política e econômica estiveram envolvidos na escolha do local de instalação da refinaria, entretanto, a preocupação ambiental não norteou qualquer discussão. As pesquisas avaliadas sugerem que a própria comunidade científica apoiava instalação da refinaria naquela região ou considerava, a princípio, que os problemas eram naturais e de caráter passageiro. Quando essa comunidade se deu conta das mazelas irreversíveis, o regime militar já não permitia críticas tão severas. Os inúmeros trabalhos publicados sobre a questão ambiental de Cubatão, pós reabertura democrática, sugerem que esse fenômeno está relacionado com a consolidação de alguns termos específicos das ciências ambientais

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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Technology: Chemical Engineering, In the Faculty of Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2014 / Energy efficiency has become an important feature in the design of process plants due to the rising cost of energy and the more stringent environmental regulations being implemented worldwide. In South Africa as in other African countries, most of the chemical plants were built during the era of cheap energy with little emphasis placed on energy efficiency due to the abundance of cheap utility sources such as coal and crude oil. In most of these plants, there exists significant potential for substantial process heat recovery by conceptual integration of the plant’s heat exchangers. Pinch Technology (PT) has been demonstrated to be a simple and very effective technique for heat integration and process optimization. This study applies the PT approach to retrofit the heat exchangers network of the Crude Distillation Unit (CDU), of a complex petroleum refinery with the aim to reduce utilities requirement and the associated gaseous pollutants emission. This objective is accomplished by firstly conducting an energy audit of the unit to scope for potential energy saving. The existing Heat Exchanger Network (HEN) was re-designed using the remaining problem analysis (RPA) to achieve improved process energy recovery while making maximum use of the existing exchangers. The aim is to maintain the existing plant topology as much as possible. This network was later relaxed trading heat recovery with number of heat transfer unit so as to optimize the capital cost. These were implemented in AspenPlus v7.2 environment. The cost implications of the retrofitted and evolved networks including the capital and operating costs were determined on a 5 years payback time basis. The Problem Table (PT) analysis revealed that the minimum utilities requirements are 75 MW and 55 MW for the hot and cold utilities respectively. Compared to the existing utilities requirements of 103 MW for hot utility and 83 MW for cold utility, this represent a potential savings of about 26 % and 33 % savings for the hot and cold utilities respectively. The target utilities usage in the re-designed network after applying Remaining Problem Analysis (RPA) was found to be 55 MW for the cold utility and 75 MW for hot utility. The relaxed HEN required a cold utility of 62.5 MW and hot utility of 81 MW. From the total cost estimation, it was found that, although an energy saving of 34% can be achieved by the re-designed network before relaxation, the capital cost, US$ 1670000 is significantly higher than for the existing network (about US$ 980000). The final relaxed network gave an energy saving of 34% and with total cost of US$ 1100000. It was recommended from the study after cost comparisons of the four different networks (the original network, the MER network, the relaxed network and a grass-root design) that the best network for the retrofit purpose was the relaxed HEN, because there is no major shift in deviation from the topology of the original network. From the analysis it was found that a 34% saving in energy cost could be achieved from this retrofit. The Total Annual Cost (TAC) for this network gives credence to the fact that this retrofit which applied the rules of pinch analysis can bring about real saving in energy usage.

在經濟發展的過程中，環境污染往往是其代價。石化產業在台灣經濟發展過程中扮演著火車頭的角色，帶動相關產業的勃興，但也帶來日益增加的環境污染與其社會爭議，成為政府部門必須面對的課題。在傳統的環境管制政策當中，科學評估被視為中立、理性客觀之分析技術，能夠有效處理環境問題的方法，其強調專業中立的形象，也與官僚理性所強調的中立性相似。因此這不僅是環境行政程序設計之核心，也是行政正當性的重要來源。但因著環境議題的複雜化、科學不確定性的增加，在行政程序當中，僅著重專家角色的行政程序，相信專家能夠帶來各樣問題的解答，不僅在程序上限制了多元知識類型的進入，既無法共同建構問題、也無法形成決策基礎的一部分；同時行政機關也此程序將決策責任移轉給專家；然而因著科學不確定性，使得專家必須在未知的情況下進行決策，因而使得決策內容會更加保守，讓環境爭議窄化成「如何收集更多資訊」等技術問題。行政機關原欲以專家作為決策正當性的來源，但狹隘的科學想像框架不僅使程序無法有效地處理環境爭議、無法回應來自多元參與者的提問，反而使得決策正當性更加受到嚴重的挑戰。 本研究以國光石化開發案的健康風險議題與六輕工安大火事件兩個案的環評過程為分析案例。在國光石化環評過程，健康風險議題是主要爭議焦點。當時有學者研究指出國光石化營運之後，將對台灣民眾的健康風險帶來重要影響，並指認環評書中所低估或錯估的部分。面對不同的科學研究爭議，環保署依其狹隘的科學框架，欲創制一套評判程序以解決爭議，卻適得其反。與此同時，六輕也在 2010年7 月傳出工安大火事件，地方陸續傳出有吳郭魚、文蛤、雛鴨等大量死亡的農業損失情事，使六輕營運後所造成的環境影響與健康風險問題，受到社會高度矚目。環保署因而要求台塑提出「環境影響調查報告書」進行審查。但環評專案小組因著科學不確定性而難以依科學論證作為基礎做出決策。最終則是以法院判決來作為決策的正當性來源。 本文透過多重資料來源的蒐集，包括田野訪談、環評專案小組會議、專家會議等相關之會議紀錄、相關事件的剪報資料，以及相關會議的參與觀察紀錄等。藉由兩個案的分析，探討行政程序建立在狹隘的科學框架之上時，為何產生行政決策的僵局，探討結構上的侷限與受到的正當性挑戰。並以論述應邁向具社會強健性的知識建構為基礎的開放行政程序，以強化決策正當性的根基。 / The scientific assessment in the traditional environment regulation policy is generally regarded as a rational technique. The common impression of scientific assessment is neutral and specialized, which is similar to the major principle of Bureaucracy, organization by functional specialty, defined by Max Weber. Therefore, the scientific assessment has been not only a foundation of environmental administration procedure, but also a resource of legitimacy. On the contrary, while the government just focuses on the scientific evidence in administrative procedure, there will be the political debates unable to resolve effectively. Because administrative procedure is unable to include multi-knowledge from different stakeholders, administration deal with environmental problems only limits to the sufficiency of scientific evidences. Consequently, administration transfers the responsibility about decision making to the experts committee. But experts committee could not make decision definitely, and the decision would be conservative, because of scientific uncertainty. As a result, the interpretation of environmental problems is narrowed to the proof of causal relationship between pollutants and environmental impacts. Since unknown causal relationships always exist, there will be ongoing arguments and disputes of environmental problems. Taking two examples of the environment impact assessment of a fire accident in the sixth naphtha cracking project in July, 2010, and the KuoKuang Petrochemical Project, 2011, the research analyze the hidden science framework and limitation behind the administrative procedure. The finding is that the technicalization of administration leads to government role shrinking and erodes the legitimacy of decision. In order to strengthen the foundation of legitimacy, administration should rebuild an open administrative procedure to foster socially robust knowledge.